{"https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/eye-examination/": {"t": "Eye examination", "s": "A series of tests to assess vision and eye health."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-acuity/": {"t": "Visual acuity", "s": "Measure of the eye's ability to resolve fine detail."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parallax/": {"t": "Parallax", "s": "Parallax measures distance through apparent shift in viewpoint."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/diplopia/": {"t": "Diplopia", "s": "Double vision from misaligned eyes or muscle dysfunction."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-cortex/": {"t": "Visual cortex", "s": "Brain region processing visual information from the eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/pupil/": {"t": "Pupil", "s": "The pupil is the eye's aperture, controlled by the iris to regulate light entry."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-video-games/e/classic-video-games/tetris/": {"t": "Tetris", "s": "Falling tetrominoes puzzle game, best-selling video game ever."}, "https://codexery.com/neurological-disorders/e/neurological-disorders/neurological-disorder/": {"t": "Neurological disorder", "s": "Disorders of the nervous system affecting billions globally."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-nervous-system/e/symptoms-and-signs-nervous-system/agnosia/": {"t": "Agnosia", "s": "Agnosia is the inability to recognize sensory stimuli despite intact senses."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-stroke/e/types-of-stroke/cerebral-infarction/": {"t": "Cerebral infarction", "s": "Ischemic stroke causing brain tissue death from blocked blood flow."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-perception/": {"t": "Visual perception", "s": "Visual perception is the active process of interpreting light to form meaningful representations of the environment."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-system/": {"t": "Visual system", "s": "Physiological basis of visual perception and light processing."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/alzheimer-s-disease/": {"t": "Alzheimer's disease", "s": "A progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/blindness/": {"t": "Blindness", "s": "Blindness is the total or near-total loss of sight."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/prosopagnosia/": {"t": "Prosopagnosia", "s": "A cognitive disorder impairing recognition of familiar faces."}, "https://codexery.com/origin-myths/e/origin-myths/etiology/": {"t": "Etiology", "s": "Study of causes, origins, or reasons behind phenomena."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/apperceptive-agnosia/": {"t": "Apperceptive agnosia", "s": "Agnosia where perception fails, blocking recognition."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiac-arrest/": {"t": "Cardiac arrest", "s": "Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart function."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/bleeding/": {"t": "Bleeding", "s": "Blood escaping from damaged vessels; hemostasis is critical."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/medical-emergencies/carbon-monoxide-poisoning/": {"t": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "s": "A common, often fatal poisoning from colorless, odorless carbon monoxide gas."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/herpes-simplex-encephalitis/": {"t": "Herpes simplex encephalitis", "s": "Rare brain infection caused by herpes simplex virus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/img/viral-infections/herpes-simplex-encephalitis.webp", "c": "Jensflorian · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-psychology/": {"t": "Cognitive psychology", "s": "Scientific study of human mental processes, emerging from the cognitive revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-psychology.webp", "c": "Jtneill · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/aphasias/e/aphasias/pure-alexia/": {"t": "Pure alexia", "s": "A reading disorder where writing remains intact but reading is impaired."}, "https://codexery.com/dementia/e/dementia/anomic-aphasia/": {"t": "Anomic aphasia", "s": "A mild fluent aphasia with word-finding difficulty but preserved comprehension."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/ophthalmology/": {"t": "Ophthalmology", "s": "Branch of medicine for eye disease diagnosis, treatment, and surgery.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/ophthalmology.webp", "c": "Hodge120 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/neurology/": {"t": "Neurology", "s": "Branch of medicine for nervous system disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/neurology.webp", "c": "Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/aphasias/e/aphasias/aphasia/": {"t": "Aphasia", "s": "A language impairment from brain damage, often after stroke or injury."}, "https://codexery.com/dementia/e/dementia/anosognosia/": {"t": "Anosognosia", "s": "A deficit of self-awareness regarding one's own disability."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/central-nervous-system/": {"t": "Central nervous system", "s": "Central nervous system integrates and coordinates body activity."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/hydrocephalus/": {"t": "Hydrocephalus", "s": "A condition of cerebrospinal fluid buildup causing skull pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-field/": {"t": "Visual field", "s": "The spatial array of visible objects during steady gaze fixation."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/optic-chiasm/": {"t": "Optic chiasm", "s": "Brain structure where optic nerves partially cross."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/optic-nerve/": {"t": "Optic nerve", "s": "A paired cranial nerve transmitting visual information to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/optic-tract/": {"t": "Optic tract", "s": "A brain structure relaying visual information from the optic chiasm."}, "https://codexery.com/pediatric-cancers/e/pediatric-cancers/craniopharyngioma/": {"t": "Craniopharyngioma", "s": "A rare, usually benign brain tumor from pituitary embryonic tissue."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/childhood-blindness/": {"t": "Childhood blindness", "s": "Blindness in children under 16, defined by visual acuity below 3/60."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/macular-degeneration/": {"t": "Macular degeneration", "s": "Age-related macular degeneration damages central vision in older adults."}, "https://codexery.com/eye-diseases/e/eye-diseases/amaurosis-fugax/": {"t": "Amaurosis fugax", "s": "Painless temporary vision loss often signaling vascular disease."}, "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/e/aging-associated-diseases/cataract/": {"t": "Cataract", "s": "Clouding of the eye's lens, leading cause of blindness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/img/aging-associated-diseases/cataract.webp", "c": "Rakesh Ahuja, MD · via Wikipedia: Cataract · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/stroke/": {"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-organization/": {"t": "World Health Organization", "s": "UN agency coordinating global health responses and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/developing-country/": {"t": "Developing country", "s": "A country with a less-developed industrial base and lower HDI, though definitions vary widely."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/intellectual-disability/": {"t": "Intellectual disability", "s": "A generalized neurodevelopmental disorder with significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/cerebral-palsy/": {"t": "Cerebral palsy", "s": "A group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood, often with seizures and cognitive challenges.", "i": "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/img/disorders-causing-seizures/cerebral-palsy.webp", "c": "City of Boston Archives from West Roxbury, United States · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/circadian-rhythm/": {"t": "Circadian rhythm", "s": "Endogenous 24-hour cycles coordinating life with the environment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/circadian-rhythm.webp", "c": "Srruhh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/glaucoma/": {"t": "Glaucoma", "s": "A group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve."}, "https://codexery.com/disability/e/disability/congenital-rubella-syndrome/": {"t": "Congenital rubella syndrome", "s": "Fetal rubella infection causes birth defects; vaccination prevents it."}, "https://codexery.com/torture/e/torture/blinding-punishment/": {"t": "Blinding (punishment)", "s": "Blinding removes vision as punishment or political tool."}, "https://codexery.com/global-positioning-system/e/global-positioning-system/gps-for-the-visually-impaired/": {"t": "GPS for the visually impaired", "s": "GPS-based navigation aids for blind and visually impaired users."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-moche/": {"t": "The Moche", "s": "Moche: autonomous polities sharing culture on Peru's north coast."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/clairvoyance/": {"t": "Clairvoyance", "s": "Claimed paranormal ability to see distant or future events."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/athena/": {"t": "Athena", "s": "Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft; patron of Athens."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-odyssey/": {"t": "The Odyssey", "s": "Ancient Greek epic of Odysseus's perilous homecoming journey."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/odysseus/": {"t": "Odysseus", "s": "The cunning king of Ithaca, hero of Homer's Odyssey."}, "https://codexery.com/norse-myths/e/norse-myths/h-r/": {"t": "Höðr", "s": "Blind Norse god who slew Baldr with Loki's trickery."}, "https://codexery.com/norse-myths/e/norse-myths/baldr/": {"t": "Baldr", "s": "Beloved god whose death foretold the doom of the gods."}, "https://codexery.com/miracles-of-jesus/e/miracles-of-jesus/miracles-of-jesus/": {"t": "Miracles of Jesus", "s": "Miraculous deeds attributed to Jesus in Christian texts."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-folklore/e/indian-folklore/blind-men-and-an-elephant/": {"t": "Blind men and an elephant", "s": "A parable about subjective truth and limited perception."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/jainism/": {"t": "Jainism", "s": "Indian religion centered on nonviolence and spiritual liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sufism/": {"t": "Sufism", "s": "The inward dimension of Islam, focusing on purification and direct experience of the divine."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-novels-adapted-into/e/science-fiction-novels-adapted-into-films/blindness-novel/": {"t": "Blindness (novel)", "s": "A novel about a blindness epidemic and societal breakdown."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/palinopsia/": {"t": "Palinopsia", "s": "Persistent recurrence of a visual image after stimulus removal."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/illusory-palinopsia/": {"t": "Illusory palinopsia", "s": "A visual illusion of persistent afterimages from real stimuli."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/homonymous-hemianopsia/": {"t": "Homonymous hemianopsia", "s": "Visual field loss on the same side of both eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/visual-release-hallucinations/": {"t": "Visual release hallucinations", "s": "Visual hallucinations in vision loss, first described in 1760."}, "https://codexery.com/epilepsy/e/epilepsy/anticonvulsant/": {"t": "Anticonvulsant", "s": "Drugs that suppress seizures and prevent their spread in the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-tests/e/medical-tests/ct-scan/": {"t": "CT scan", "s": "Cross-sectional X-ray imaging for detailed internal views."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/magnetic-resonance-imaging/": {"t": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "s": "Medical imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/magnetic-resonance-imaging.webp", "c": "UCSF Health · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/amblyopia/": {"t": "Amblyopia", "s": "A developmental brain disorder causing reduced vision in one eye."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/leber-congenital-amaurosis/": {"t": "Leber congenital amaurosis", "s": "A rare inherited eye disease causing severe vision loss from birth."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/conjunctivitis/": {"t": "Conjunctivitis", "s": "Inflammation of the conjunctiva causing red or pink eye."}, "https://codexery.com/pediatric-cancers/e/pediatric-cancers/retinoblastoma/": {"t": "Retinoblastoma", "s": "Most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/rhodopsin/": {"t": "Rhodopsin", "s": "Light-sensitive protein enabling dim-light vision in rod cells."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/neisseria-gonorrhoeae/": {"t": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "s": "Gram-negative diplococcus causing gonorrhea and evolving antibiotic resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/chlamydia-trachomatis/": {"t": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "s": "Obligate intracellular pathogen causing blindness and sexually transmitted infections."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/anemia/": {"t": "Anemia", "s": "A blood disorder reducing oxygen transport, affecting billions worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/preterm-birth/": {"t": "Preterm birth", "s": "Preterm birth is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, with risks increasing the earlier the baby is born."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/braille/": {"t": "Braille", "s": "Tactile writing system for blind and visually impaired people."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/hearing-loss/": {"t": "Hearing loss", "s": "Partial or total inability to hear, affecting billions worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-test/": {"t": "Blood test", "s": "Laboratory analysis of blood for medical diagnosis and monitoring."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/retina/": {"t": "Retina", "s": "Innermost light-sensitive layer of the eye, part of the central nervous system."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/horror-fusionis/": {"t": "Horror fusionis", "s": "A rare condition where the brain actively prevents binocular fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/dislocations-sprains-and-strains/e/dislocations-sprains-and-strains/subluxation/": {"t": "Subluxation", "s": "Partial dislocation of a joint or organ, with disputed chiropractic claims."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/concussion/": {"t": "Concussion", "s": "A temporary brain injury from head impact or force transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/teratogens/e/teratogens/phenytoin/": {"t": "Phenytoin", "s": "Anti-seizure drug; risk of fetal abnormalities during pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/ketamine/": {"t": "Ketamine", "s": "Anesthetic and antidepressant with dissociative and hallucinogenic properties."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/eye-strain/": {"t": "Eye strain", "s": "A common condition from prolonged visual tasks, causing fatigue and discomfort."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/vitreous-body/": {"t": "Vitreous body", "s": "Clear gel filling the eye between lens and retina."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/diabetes/": {"t": "Diabetes", "s": "A group of endocrine diseases marked by high blood sugar."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/white-blood-cell/": {"t": "White blood cell", "s": "Nucleated immune cells that defend against infection and disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/white-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: White blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms/e/symptoms/macropsia/": {"t": "Macropsia", "s": "Objects appear larger than normal, often making the person feel smaller."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/inflammation/": {"t": "Inflammation", "s": "Biological defence response of body tissues to harmful stimuli."}, "https://codexery.com/theatrical-occupations/e/theatrical-occupations/actor/": {"t": "Actor", "s": "A performer who portrays a character in a production."}, "https://codexery.com/theatrical-occupations/e/theatrical-occupations/playwright/": {"t": "Playwright", "s": "A crafter of dramatic works for theatrical performance."}, "https://codexery.com/british-science-fiction-comedy-films/e/british-science-fiction-comedy-films/paul-2011-film/": {"t": "Paul (2011 film)", "s": "Two geeks help an alien escape the Secret Service."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/eye/": {"t": "Eye", "s": "Sensory organ that detects light and enables vision."}, "https://codexery.com/rock-music-groups-from-toronto/e/rock-music-groups-from-toronto/blurred-vision/": {"t": "Blurred Vision", "s": "British-based rock band formed in Canada by Iranian-born brothers."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/e/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/strain-injury/": {"t": "Strain (injury)", "s": "An acute muscle injury from tearing of fibers."}, "https://codexery.com/overuse-injuries/e/overuse-injuries/computer-vision-syndrome/": {"t": "Computer vision syndrome", "s": "Eye condition from prolonged screen use causing strain and discomfort."}, "https://codexery.com/cyborgs/e/cyborgs/neil-harbisson/": {"t": "Neil Harbisson", "s": "Cyborg artist and advocate for artificial senses and cyborg rights."}, "https://codexery.com/cyborgs/e/cyborgs/cyborg-foundation/": {"t": "Cyborg Foundation", "s": "Platform for extending human senses through cybernetic technology."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/ocular-malingering/": {"t": "Ocular malingering", "s": "Deliberate simulation or denial of visual symptoms for personal gain."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/photophobia/": {"t": "Photophobia", "s": "Abnormal intolerance to light causing eye discomfort or pain."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-philosophy/e/nonfiction-and-philosophy/diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-of-mental-disorders/": {"t": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "s": "Standard classification of mental disorders by the American Psychiatric Association."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/": {"t": "Cognitive behavioral therapy", "s": "Psychotherapy combining cognitive and behavioral principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-behavioral-therapy.webp", "c": "Urstadt · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/anatomical-pathology/e/anatomical-pathology/cerebral-arteriovenous-malformation/": {"t": "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "s": "An abnormal brain vessel connection risking hemorrhage and neurological deficits."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/hyperglycemia/": {"t": "Hyperglycemia", "s": "A condition of abnormally high blood glucose levels."}, "https://codexery.com/common-infections-and-diseases/e/common-infections-and-diseases/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease/": {"t": "Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease", "s": "Incurable prion disease causing rapid neurodegeneration and death."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/lateral-geniculate-nucleus/": {"t": "Lateral geniculate nucleus", "s": "Thalamic structure relaying visual information from retina to cortex."}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/pain/neuropathic-pain/": {"t": "Neuropathic pain", "s": "Pain from nervous system damage, often burning or electric."}, "https://codexery.com/epilepsy/e/epilepsy/postictal-state/": {"t": "Postictal state", "s": "Altered consciousness after a seizure, with cognitive and physical symptoms."}, "https://codexery.com/practice-of-medicine/e/practice-of-medicine/medical-history/": {"t": "Medical history", "s": "Information gathered from patient interviews to guide diagnosis and treatment."}, "https://codexery.com/idiopathic-diseases/e/idiopathic-diseases/idiopathic-disease/": {"t": "Idiopathic disease", "s": "A disease with no known cause or mechanism."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/macular-sparing/": {"t": "Macular sparing", "s": "Central vision preserved despite peripheral field loss after cortical damage."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/scintillating-scotoma/": {"t": "Scintillating scotoma", "s": "A visual aura often linked to migraine."}, "https://codexery.com/eye-diseases/e/eye-diseases/conjugate-gaze-palsy/": {"t": "Conjugate gaze palsy", "s": "Disorders impairing coordinated eye movement in one direction."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/micropsia/": {"t": "Micropsia", "s": "Objects appear smaller than they are."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/hallucinogen-persisting-perception-disorder/": {"t": "Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder", "s": "A non-psychotic disorder with lasting visual distortions after drug use."}, "https://codexery.com/psychopathological-syndromes/e/psychopathological-syndromes/alice-in-wonderland-syndrome/": {"t": "Alice in Wonderland syndrome", "s": "A neurological disorder distorting perception of size, distance, and time."}, "https://codexery.com/syndromes-of-unknown-causes/e/syndromes-of-unknown-causes/visual-snow-syndrome/": {"t": "Visual snow syndrome", "s": "A neurological condition of constant visual static with no known cure."}, "https://codexery.com/dementia/e/dementia/akinetopsia/": {"t": "Akinetopsia", "s": "Rare disorder causing inability to perceive visual motion."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/hallucinatory-palinopsia/": {"t": "Hallucinatory palinopsia", "s": "Projection of encoded visual memory from cortical lesions or seizures."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/hallucinogen/": {"t": "Hallucinogen", "s": "A diverse class of drugs inducing altered perception and mood."}, "https://codexery.com/neurotrauma/e/neurotrauma/excitotoxicity/": {"t": "Excitotoxicity", "s": "Neuronal injury from excessive glutamate receptor stimulation."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/neurotransmitter/": {"t": "Neurotransmitter", "s": "Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons or to target cells."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/migraine/": {"t": "Migraine", "s": "A common neurological disorder causing recurrent, often disabling headaches."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/physical-examination/": {"t": "Physical examination", "s": "A medical checkup for signs or symptoms of disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/physical-examination.webp", "c": "Harris & Ewing, photographer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/prescription-drug/": {"t": "Prescription drug", "s": "Pharmaceutical drugs requiring a medical prescription for legal dispensation."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cerebral-cortex/": {"t": "Cerebral cortex", "s": "Outer neural layer of the cerebrum, key to higher cognition."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/clonazepam/": {"t": "Clonazepam", "s": "Benzodiazepine used for anxiety, seizures, and related disorders."}, "https://codexery.com/teratogens/e/teratogens/valproate/": {"t": "Valproate", "s": "Antiepileptic and mood stabilizer with severe teratogenic risks."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/gabapentin/": {"t": "Gabapentin", "s": "Anticonvulsant used for neuropathic pain and seizures."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/heredity/": {"t": "Heredity", "s": "Passing of traits from parents to offspring via DNA."}, "https://codexery.com/congenital-disorders/e/congenital-disorders/birth-defect/": {"t": "Birth defect", "s": "Birth defects are present at birth and vary widely.", "i": "https://codexery.com/congenital-disorders/img/congenital-disorders/birth-defect.webp", "c": "Judgefloro · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/mitochondrial-diseases/e/mitochondrial-diseases/leber-s-hereditary-optic-neuropathy/": {"t": "Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy", "s": "Mitochondrially inherited optic neuropathy causing central vision loss."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dominance-genetics/": {"t": "Dominance (genetics)", "s": "One allele masks another's effect in a heterozygous genotype."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/crispr/": {"t": "CRISPR", "s": "Prokaryotic DNA sequences enabling adaptive immunity and genome editing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/crispr.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/nutrition-and-diet/e/nutrition-and-diet/mineral-nutrient/": {"t": "Mineral (nutrient)", "s": "Essential chemical elements for human nutrition and biochemical processes."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/general-health-and-wellness/dietary-supplement/": {"t": "Dietary supplement", "s": "Manufactured products intended to supplement the diet with nutrients."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/amino-acid/": {"t": "Amino acid", "s": "The building 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"Hypervitaminosis E", "s": "Excess vitamin E from supplements may cause harm."}, "https://codexery.com/ophthalmology-organizations/e/ophthalmology-organizations/american-academy-of-ophthalmology/": {"t": "American Academy of Ophthalmology", "s": "Professional association of ophthalmologists, headquartered in San Francisco."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/microsoft-windows/": {"t": "Microsoft Windows", "s": "Proprietary operating system by Microsoft, dominant on desktops since the 1990s."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/metamorphopsia/": {"t": "Metamorphopsia", "s": "Distorted vision where straight lines appear wavy or misperceived."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/": {"t": "Coronary artery disease", "s": "The most common cardiovascular disease, caused by plaque buildup in heart arteries."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/photoreceptor-cell/": {"t": "Photoreceptor cell", "s": "Specialized retinal cells that convert light into biological signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/photoreceptor-cell.webp", "c": "Tsukamoto Y and Omi N · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/aneurysm/": {"t": "Aneurysm", "s": "An abnormal bulging of a blood vessel wall due to a weak spot."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hypertension/": {"t": "Hypertension", "s": "Persistently elevated arterial blood pressure, often symptomless, causing major health risks."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/circulatory-system/": {"t": "Circulatory system", "s": "A closed network of heart, blood, and vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/vasculitis/e/vasculitis/vasculitis/": {"t": "Vasculitis", "s": "A group of disorders destroying blood vessels through inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/epithelium/": {"t": "Epithelium", "s": "Protective layer of cells lining body surfaces and cavities."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/epiretinal-membrane/": {"t": "Epiretinal membrane", "s": "A scar-like membrane on the macula causing visual distortion."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-disability/e/history-of-disability/myopia/": {"t": "Myopia", "s": "A common refractive error causing blurred distance vision."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/brain/": {"t": "Brain", "s": "Central organ of the nervous system in vertebrates and most invertebrates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/brain.webp", "c": "Bobjgalindo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hallucination/": {"t": "Hallucination", "s": "A perception in the absence of an external stimulus, with the compelling sense of reality."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/aura-symptom/": {"t": "Aura (symptom)", "s": "A perceptual disturbance indicating focal brain activity."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/phosphene/": {"t": "Phosphene", "s": "Seeing light without light entering the eye."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/mescaline/": {"t": "Mescaline", "s": "Naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid from cacti, first naturally occurring psychedelic characterized by Western science.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/img/medications-and-drugs/mescaline.webp", "c": "Manuel Almagro Rivas · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/cocaine/": {"t": "Cocaine", "s": "CNS stimulant derived from coca leaves, with limited medical use."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/infectious-mononucleosis/": {"t": "Infectious mononucleosis", "s": "An infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lewis-carroll/": {"t": "Lewis Carroll", "s": "English author, poet, mathematician, photographer, and Anglican deacon known for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and literary nonsense."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jonathan-swift/": {"t": "Jonathan Swift", "s": "Anglo-Irish satirist and author of Gulliver's Travels."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/gulliver-s-travels/": {"t": "Gulliver's Travels", "s": "Jonathan Swift's 1726 satire following Lemuel Gulliver to Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa and the Houyhnhnms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/img/novels-and-epics/gulliver-s-travels.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gulliver's Travels · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fictional-dwarves/e/fictional-dwarves/lilliput-and-blefuscu/": {"t": "Lilliput and Blefuscu", "s": "Tiny island empires satirizing 18th-century British and French politics."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/spectral-density/": {"t": "Spectral density", "s": "Distribution of signal power over frequency components."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/color-vision/": {"t": "Color vision", "s": "Color vision enables perception of light frequency differences."}, "https://codexery.com/rare-diseases/e/rare-diseases/achromatopsia/": {"t": "Achromatopsia", "s": "A congenital syndrome causing monochromacy and light sensitivity."}, "https://codexery.com/genetic-diseases-and-disorders/e/genetic-diseases-and-disorders/blue-cone-monochromacy/": {"t": "Blue-cone monochromacy", "s": "Inherited eye disease causing severe color blindness and photophobia."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/rod-cell/": {"t": "Rod cell", "s": "Rod cells enable vision in dim light with high sensitivity."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/trichromacy/": {"t": "Trichromacy", "s": "Three cone types enable color vision in humans and some animals."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/color-blindness/": {"t": "Color blindness", "s": "Color blindness is a decreased ability to perceive color differences."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/dichromacy/": {"t": "Dichromacy", "s": "Dichromacy is color vision with two functioning cone types."}, "https://codexery.com/carnivores-and-insectivores/e/carnivores-and-insectivores/kinkajou/": {"t": "Kinkajou", "s": "Nocturnal arboreal mammal with a prehensile tail."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/habitat/": {"t": "Habitat", "s": "Habitat is the species-specific physical manifestation of its ecological niche."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/malnutrition/": {"t": "Malnutrition", "s": "A disease category including undernutrition and overnutrition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/human-variation-and-health/malnutrition.webp", "c": "HCUP Outreach2016 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/french-language/": {"t": "French language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, descended from Vulgar Latin and shaped by Celtic and Frankish influences."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/american-civil-war/e/american-civil-war/confederate-states-of-america/": {"t": "Confederate States of America", "s": "Unrecognized republic of 11 Southern states during the American Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/domestic-breeds-types/e/domestic-breeds-and-types/appaloosa/": {"t": "Appaloosa", "s": "American horse breed known for its leopard complex spotted coat."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/functional-visual-loss/": {"t": "Functional visual loss", "s": "Vision loss without organic cause, often in young females."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/nyctalopia/": {"t": "Nyctalopia", "s": "Night blindness: difficulty seeing in low light, often from retinal disorders."}, "https://codexery.com/eye-diseases/e/eye-diseases/congenital-stationary-night-blindness/": {"t": "Congenital stationary night blindness", "s": "A rare non-progressive retinal disorder impairing night vision."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/mutation/": {"t": "Mutation", "s": "Mutations are alterations in DNA sequence driving evolution and disease."}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/pathology/pathology/": {"t": "Pathology", "s": "The study of disease, from ancient roots to modern medical practice."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs/e/symptoms-and-signs/seizure/": {"t": "Seizure", "s": "A sudden disruption of brain activity from excessive neuronal firing."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/photopsia/": {"t": "Photopsia", "s": "Perceived flashes of light in the field of vision."}, "/e/visual-disturbances-and-blindness/cerebral-polyopia/": {"t": "Cerebral polyopia", "s": "Seeing multiple stationary images after fixation, linked to occipital or temporal lesions."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/brain-abscess/": {"t": "Brain abscess", "s": "An abscess within brain tissue from infection or trauma.", "i": "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/img/disorders-causing-seizures/brain-abscess.webp", "c": "Netha Hussain · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/syndromes-of-unknown-causes/e/syndromes-of-unknown-causes/sj-gren-s-disease/": {"t": "Sjögren's disease", "s": "Autoimmune disease causing dryness, fatigue, and systemic complications."}, "https://codexery.com/eye-diseases/e/eye-diseases/corneal-abrasion/": {"t": "Corneal abrasion", "s": "A scratch on the cornea, usually healing within three days."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/neurological-disorders/e/neurological-disorders/brain-damage/": {"t": "Brain damage", "s": "Brain damage is destruction of brain cells from trauma or internal causes."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/prosopometamorphopsia/": {"t": "Prosopometamorphopsia", "s": "A neurological disorder causing distorted perception of faces."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/neoplasm/": {"t": "Neoplasm", "s": "An abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/neoplasm.webp", "c": "Shibata, Hideki; Ohike, Nobuyuki; Norose, Tomoko; Isobe, Tomohide; Suzuki, Reika · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/atrophy/": {"t": "Atrophy", "s": "Partial or complete wasting away of a body part."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/injury/": {"t": "Injury", "s": "Physiological damage with shared ancient response across eukaryotes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/img/violence-and-conflict/injury.webp", "c": "Doug Beckers from Cardiff NSW, Australia · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/oxytocin/": {"t": "Oxytocin", "s": "Hormone involved in childbirth, bonding, and social behavior."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/receptor-biochemistry/": {"t": "Receptor (biochemistry)", "s": "Proteins that bind ligands and transduce biological signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/receptor-biochemistry.webp", "c": "Wyatt Pyzynski · via Wikipedia: Receptor (biochemistry) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/e/pioneers-of-medicine/jean-martin-charcot/": {"t": "Jean-Martin Charcot", "s": "French neurologist who founded modern neurology and studied hysteria."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/animation/": {"t": "Animation", "s": "Animation creates the illusion of life through sequenced images."}}