{"/e/virulence-factors/trimeric-autotransporter-adhesin/": {"t": "Trimeric autotransporter adhesin", "s": "Gram-negative bacterial adhesins mediating host cell attachment."}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/protozoa/": {"t": "Protozoa", "s": "Polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, historically seen as first animals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/img/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/protozoa.webp", "c": "Pitelka, Dorothy R. (Dorothy Riggs), 1920- · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/chromosome/": {"t": "Chromosome", "s": "A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipopolysaccharide/": {"t": "Lipopolysaccharide", "s": "Major component of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipopolysaccharide.webp", "c": "Ninjatacoshell · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/horizontal-gene-transfer/": {"t": "Horizontal gene transfer", "s": "Movement of genetic material between organisms not via parent-to-offspring inheritance."}, "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/e/zoonoses/escherichia-coli-o157-h7/": {"t": "Escherichia coli O157:H7", "s": "A Shiga toxin-producing E. coli causing foodborne outbreaks and kidney failure."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/gram-negative-bacteria/": {"t": "Gram-negative bacteria", "s": "Bacteria with a thin cell wall and outer membrane, often antibiotic-resistant."}, "https://codexery.com/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/e/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/eukaryote/": {"t": "Eukaryote", "s": "Cellular organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists."}, "/e/virulence-factors/bacterial-adhesin/": {"t": "Bacterial adhesin", "s": "Bacterial surface molecules enabling host adhesion and infection."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/neisseria-meningitidis/": {"t": "Neisseria meningitidis", "s": "A Gram-negative diplococcus causing epidemic meningitis and sepsis."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/phagocytosis/": {"t": "Phagocytosis", "s": "Cellular engulfment of particles for immunity or nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/streptococcus-pyogenes/": {"t": "Streptococcus pyogenes", "s": "A pathogenic bacterium causing diverse human infections, from mild to life-threatening."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/herpesviridae/": {"t": "Herpesviridae", "s": "A family of DNA viruses causing latent and lytic infections in animals, including humans."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/staphylococcus-aureus/": {"t": "Staphylococcus aureus", "s": "A common bacterium that can turn deadly.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/img/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/staphylococcus-aureus.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/pseudomonas-aeruginosa/": {"t": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "s": "Opportunistic pathogen with high antibiotic resistance and versatile metabolism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/img/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/pseudomonas-aeruginosa.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/clostridium-tetani/": {"t": "Clostridium tetani", "s": "Soil bacterium that causes tetanus via a potent neurotoxin."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/clostridium-botulinum/": {"t": "Clostridium botulinum", "s": "Anaerobic bacterium producing the most potent known neurotoxin."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/escherichia-coli/": {"t": "Escherichia coli", "s": "A model bacterium central to microbiology and biotechnology."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/cholera/": {"t": "Cholera", "s": "An infection of the small intestine by Vibrio cholerae, causing watery diarrhea and dehydration."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/clostridium-perfringens/": {"t": "Clostridium perfringens", "s": "A Gram-positive anaerobe causing food poisoning and gas gangrene."}, "/e/virulence-factors/m-protein-streptococcus/": {"t": "M protein (Streptococcus)", "s": "Streptococcal surface protein that evades phagocytosis."}, "/e/virulence-factors/streptokinase/": {"t": "Streptokinase", "s": "Thrombolytic agent activating plasminogen by a nonenzymatic mechanism."}, "/e/virulence-factors/streptolysin/": {"t": "Streptolysin", "s": "Two exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes: oxygen-labile SLO and oxygen-stable SLS."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/listeria-monocytogenes/": {"t": "Listeria monocytogenes", "s": "A virulent foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, often fatal in high-risk groups."}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/candida-albicans/": {"t": "Candida albicans", "s": "Opportunistic yeast causing candidiasis; model fungal pathogen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/img/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/candida-albicans.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/gene-expression/": {"t": "Gene expression", "s": "Process by which genes produce functional products."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/bordetella-pertussis/": {"t": "Bordetella pertussis", "s": "Causative agent of whooping cough, a reemerging human pathogen."}, "/e/virulence-factors/virulence-factor/": {"t": "Virulence factor", "s": "Microbial molecules enabling infection, immune evasion, and host damage."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/whooping-cough/": {"t": "Whooping cough", "s": "A highly contagious bacterial disease causing severe coughing fits."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/amino-acid/": {"t": "Amino acid", "s": "The building blocks of proteins, with 20 standard α-amino acids directly encoded by the genetic code and two rare ones incorporated via recoding."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane/": {"t": "Cell membrane", "s": "Semipermeable lipid bilayer separating cell interior from environment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane.webp", "c": "Blackout Sea · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cytoplasm/": {"t": "Cytoplasm", "s": "Cytoplasm is the cell material outside the nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell/": {"t": "Red blood cell", "s": "The most common blood cell, responsible for oxygen transport via hemoglobin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: Red blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/neutrophil/": {"t": "Neutrophil", "s": "Most abundant white blood cell, key in innate immunity."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid-bilayer/": {"t": "Lipid bilayer", "s": "Thin polar membrane forming a barrier around all cells.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid-bilayer.webp", "c": "Bensaccount · via Wikipedia: Lipid bilayer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/endocytosis/": {"t": "Endocytosis", "s": "Cellular process for internalizing substances via membrane vesicle formation."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cytoskeleton/": {"t": "Cytoskeleton", "s": "Dynamic protein network shaping and organizing all cells."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cholesterol/": {"t": "Cholesterol", "s": "Essential animal sterol; precursor for hormones and vitamin D."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-signaling/": {"t": "Cell signaling", "s": "Biological process by which cells interact with themselves, others, and environment."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/adenosine-triphosphate/": {"t": "Adenosine triphosphate", "s": "The molecular unit of currency for intracellular energy transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/second-messenger-system/": {"t": "Second messenger system", "s": "Intracellular messengers that amplify and propagate extracellular signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/second-messenger-system.webp", "c": "explorebiology · via Wikipedia: Second messenger system · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/vaccination/": {"t": "Vaccination", "s": "Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/antimicrobial-resistance/": {"t": "Antimicrobial resistance", "s": "Microbes evolve to resist drugs that once treated infections."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/antibiotic/": {"t": "Antibiotic", "s": "Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances active against bacteria."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/gram-positive-bacteria/": {"t": "Gram-positive bacteria", "s": "Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan retaining crystal violet stain."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/peptidoglycan/": {"t": "Peptidoglycan", "s": "Mesh-like macromolecule giving bacterial cell walls strength and shape.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/peptidoglycan.webp", "c": "Yikrazuul · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-wall/": {"t": "Cell wall", "s": "Structural layer outside cell membrane providing support and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/e/zoonoses/clostridioides-difficile-infection/": {"t": "Clostridioides difficile infection", "s": "A bacterial infection causing diarrhea, often after antibiotic use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/img/zoonoses/clostridioides-difficile-infection.webp", "c": "Mengoli, M.; Barone, M.; Fabbrini, M.; D’Amico, F.; Brigidi, P.; Turroni, S. · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/virulence-factors/pertactin/": {"t": "Pertactin", "s": "Adhesin and invasin of Bordetella pertussis used in acellular vaccines."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/preventive-healthcare/": {"t": "Preventive healthcare", "s": "Preventive healthcare uses anticipatory actions—primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary—to prevent disease and promote well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/polysaccharide/": {"t": "Polysaccharide", "s": "Polysaccharides are abundant carbohydrates serving storage and structural roles."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-inventions/e/swiss-inventions/atomic-force-microscopy/": {"t": "Atomic force microscopy", "s": "A high-resolution scanning probe microscope that feels surfaces."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/neisseria-gonorrhoeae/": {"t": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "s": "Gram-negative diplococcus causing gonorrhea and evolving antibiotic resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/signal-transduction/": {"t": "Signal transduction", "s": "Process transmitting chemical or physical signals through cells.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/signal-transduction.webp", "c": "cybertory · via Wikipedia: Signal transduction · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/epithelium/": {"t": "Epithelium", "s": "Protective layer of cells lining body surfaces and cavities."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/operon/": {"t": "Operon", "s": "A cluster of genes transcribed into a single mRNA molecule."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/abscess/": {"t": "Abscess", "s": "A pus-filled pocket caused by infection, often requiring drainage."}, "/e/virulence-factors/lipoarabinomannan/": {"t": "Lipoarabinomannan", "s": "A glycolipid virulence factor that disables macrophages and neutralizes free radicals."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/mycobacterium-tuberculosis/": {"t": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "s": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often called Koch’s bacillus, is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/sugar/": {"t": "Sugar", "s": "A class of sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates used in food."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/ester/": {"t": "Ester", "s": "Esters are organyl derivatives of acids with varied uses."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysosome/": {"t": "Lysosome", "s": "Membrane-bound organelles that serve as the cell's degradation center.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysosome.webp", "c": "Kelvinsong · via Wikipedia: Lysosome · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/macrophage/": {"t": "Macrophage", "s": "White blood cells that engulf pathogens and regulate immune responses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/macrophage.webp", "c": "Noah Smith · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/cytokine/": {"t": "Cytokine", "s": "Small proteins crucial for immune signaling and inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/electron-transport-chain/": {"t": "Electron transport chain", "s": "Series of redox reactions driving ATP synthesis via proton gradients."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/spleen/": {"t": "Spleen", "s": "Organ filtering blood and supporting immune function.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/spleen.webp", "c": "Cancer Research UK uploader · via Wikipedia: Spleen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/virulence-factors/invasin/": {"t": "Invasin", "s": "Bacterial protein enabling host cell entry via integrin binding."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/mycobacterium-leprae/": {"t": "Mycobacterium leprae", "s": "First bacterium identified as a cause of human disease."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/apoptosis/": {"t": "Apoptosis", "s": "Programmed cell death: a regulated process essential for life and implicated in disease."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cytosol/": {"t": "Cytosol", "s": "Liquid matrix of the cytoplasm, site of many metabolic reactions."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/natural-killer-cell/": {"t": "Natural killer cell", "s": "Innate immune cells that kill stressed cells lacking self markers."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hiv/": {"t": "HIV", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, transmitted via bodily fluids."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/streptococcus/": {"t": "Streptococcus", "s": "Genus of gram-positive bacteria causing human infections and used in food.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/img/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/streptococcus.webp", "c": "Arnold Kaufman · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/inflammations/e/inflammations/glomerulonephritis/": {"t": "Glomerulonephritis", "s": "A group of kidney diseases often involving glomerular inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia/": {"t": "Pneumonia", "s": "Inflammatory lung condition primarily affecting alveoli, caused by infection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/white-blood-cell/": {"t": "White blood cell", "s": "Nucleated immune cells that defend against infection and disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/white-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: White blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/molecular-biology/": {"t": "Molecular biology", "s": "Study of molecular structures and processes in cells."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-protein/": {"t": "Membrane protein", "s": "Membrane proteins are common, diverse, and key drug targets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-protein.webp", "c": "Somepics · via Wikipedia: Membrane protein · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/toxoplasma-gondii/": {"t": "Toxoplasma gondii", "s": "Parasite that alters host behavior to favor feline predation."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/host-biology/": {"t": "Host (biology)", "s": "A larger organism that harbours a smaller symbiotic guest."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-biology/": {"t": "Cell (biology)", "s": "The fundamental unit of all known life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-biology.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/allergy/": {"t": "Allergy", "s": "An exaggerated immune response to harmless substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/allergy.webp", "c": "Ar945 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/oligomer/": {"t": "Oligomer", "s": "Molecule of a few repeating units from monomers."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/post-translational-modification/": {"t": "Post-translational modification", "s": "Covalent protein changes after synthesis, diversifying function and regulation."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/genetic-engineering/": {"t": "Genetic engineering", "s": "Direct manipulation of an organism's genes using technology."}, "/e/virulence-factors/yada-bacterial-adhesin-protein-domain/": {"t": "YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain", "s": "Collagen-binding outer membrane protein promoting Yersinia virulence."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/congenital-disorders/e/congenital-disorders/animal-chimerism/": {"t": "Animal chimerism", "s": "Animal chimeras are organisms with genetically distinct cell populations."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nuclear-envelope/": {"t": "Nuclear envelope", "s": "Double lipid bilayer enclosing the eukaryotic nucleus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/nuclear-envelope.webp", "c": "Mariana Ruiz LadyofHats · via Wikipedia: Nuclear envelope · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/lyme-disease/": {"t": "Lyme disease", "s": "A tick-borne bacterial infection common in the Northern Hemisphere, often marked by a distinctive rash and treatable with antibiotics."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/hydrogen-bond/": {"t": "Hydrogen bond", "s": "A partial-covalent molecular interaction between a protic hydrogen and an electronegative acceptor."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysine/": {"t": "Lysine", "s": "Essential α-amino acid crucial for protein synthesis and metabolism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysine.webp", "c": "Olaneli · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/phenylalanine/": {"t": "Phenylalanine", "s": "Essential amino acid, precursor to neurotransmitters and melanin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/phenylalanine.webp", "c": "NEUROtiker · via Wikipedia: Phenylalanine · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondria/": {"t": "Mitochondria", "s": "Double-membraned organelles that produce cellular energy as ATP."}}