Viral Infections Codexery

Hepatitis E

A liver infection causing acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide.

Hepatitis E

Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons.   This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with · via Wikipedia: Hepatitis E · Public domain

The disease is most common in sub-Saharan Africa and east and south Asia.[1][2] An estimated 20 million people are infected with HEV globally every year, of which 3.3 million are symptomatic.[1] Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV), a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, leads to liver inflammation known as hepatitis E.[3][1]

Quick Facts

Field
Infectious disease, Hepatology
Symptoms
Nausea, jaundice
Complications
Liver failure
Causes
Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
Diagnosis
Blood test
Differential
Hepatitis A
Treatment
Rest, ribavirin (if chronic)
Frequency
28 million worldwide (2013)

Facts from the source article.

Key facts and history

The earliest well-documented epidemic occurred in 1955 in New Delhi, affecting tens of thousands of people.[4] In Europe, hepatitis E is mainly a zoonosis with the reservoir in pigs or wild boar.[5] An investigation into an unexplained hepatitis outbreak among Soviet troops in Afghanistan led to the 1983 discovery of the virus.[4] The Hepeviridae family, which includes HEV, is split into two genera: Orthohepevirus and Piscihepevirus.[6]

Large outbreaks in developing nations are frequently caused by genotypes 1 and 2, which only infect humans.[7] Sporadic hepatitis E cases in industrialized countries are linked to genotypes 3 and 4, which are found in humans, pigs, and other animals.[7] China has granted approval for the HEV 239 preventive vaccine.[8][1]

What the research sources say

The WHO reports that up to 20–25% of pregnant women can die if they get hepatitis E in the third trimester.[1][2] The ECDC also states that HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans worldwide.[5] The WHO adds that there is no specific antiviral treatment capable of altering the course of acute hepatitis E.[1][2] The WHO reports that a vaccine to prevent HEV infection is licensed in China and other countries and has been utilized as an outbreak response measure.[1][2]

References

  1. "Hepatitis E", www.who.int. facts only, no text reused. who.int
  2. "Hepatitis E Fact sheet", WHO. facts only, no text reused. who.int
  3. Wikipedia, "Hepatitis E" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Hepatitis E: Background, Etiopathophysiology, Epidemiology", medscape.com, 2019; Kamar, "Hepatitis E Virus Infection", Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2014, p. 116–138; "Hepatitis (Viral) NIDDK", The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; "What is hepatitis?", www.who.int; "Hepatitis E", www.who.int; Weston, "Infection Prevention and Control at a Glance", John Wiley & Sons, 2016, p. 12 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Hepatitis E" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Izopet, "Hepatitis E Virus Infection", Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1 January 2014, p. 116–138; Lemon, "Enterically Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis and the Discovery of Hepatitis E Virus", Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2019; Kumar, "Hepatitis E virus: the current scenario", International Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2013, p. e228–e233 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. "Facts about hepatitis E", ecdc.europa.eu, 30 March 2017. facts only, no text reused. ecdc.europa.eu
  6. Wikipedia, "Hepatitis E" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Pérez-Gracia, "Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state", Reviews in Medical Virology, 20 March 2017; Feldman, "Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease E-Book: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2010, p. 1337; Wang, "Hepatitis E Virus", Springer, 2016, p. 75; Wang, "Hepatitis E Virus", Springer, 2016, p. 10; Boyer, "Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2012, p. 609; Boyer, "Zakim an en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Hepatitis E" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Song, "Studies of hepatitis E virus genotypes", The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2010-11-01, p. 487–488; Meng, "Hepatitis E virus: Animal Reservoirs and Zoonotic Risk", Veterinary Microbiology, 2010-01-27, p. 256–65; Woolson, "Extra-hepatic manifestations of autochthonous hepatitis E infection", Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2014, p. 1282–1291 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Hepatitis E" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: James, "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Dis; Izopet, "Hepatitis E Virus Infection", Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1 January 2014, p. 116–138; Li, "The development of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine HEV 239", Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2015-02-25, p. 908–914 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Hepatitis E (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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