{"/e/part-1/bloating/": {"t": "Bloating", "s": "Common gastrointestinal symptom involving gas buildup and abdominal discomfort.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and/img/part-1/bloating.webp", "c": "User:Inspector · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/part-1/nausea/": {"t": "Nausea", "s": "A diffuse sensation of unease, often an urge to vomit."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/part-1/touch/": {"t": "Touch", "s": "The somatosensory system mediates touch, pain, temperature, and body position."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-skin-and/e/part-1/paresthesia/": {"t": "Paresthesia", "s": "Paresthesia is a skin sensation often felt as tingling or numbness."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/hallucination/": {"t": "Hallucination", "s": "A perception in the absence of an external stimulus, with the compelling sense of reality."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/part-1/gastroenterology/": {"t": "Gastroenterology", "s": "Branch of medicine studying the digestive system and its disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/part-1/gastroenterology.webp", "c": "mitopencourseware · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/part-1/aerophagia/": {"t": "Aerophagia", "s": "A condition of excessive air swallowing with obscure gut entry mechanism."}, "/e/part-1/ascites/": {"t": "Ascites", "s": "Abnormal fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, often from cirrhosis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and/img/part-1/ascites.webp", "c": "Netha Hussain · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/part-1/belching/": {"t": "Belching", "s": "Audible release of gas from the upper gastrointestinal tract.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and/img/part-1/belching.webp", "c": "Moshiree, B et al · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/flatulence/": {"t": "Flatulence", "s": "The medical study of intestinal gas expulsion."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/part-1/small-intestine/": {"t": "Small intestine", "s": "The primary organ for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract."}, "https://codexery.com/steroid-responsive-inflammatory-conditio/e/part-1/inflammatory-bowel-disease/": {"t": "Inflammatory bowel disease", "s": "Chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/crohn-s-disease/": {"t": "Crohn's disease", "s": "A chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the GI tract."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/part-1/ulcerative-colitis/": {"t": "Ulcerative colitis", "s": "Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum."}, "https://codexery.com/chronic-pain-syndromes/e/part-1/irritable-bowel-syndrome/": {"t": "Irritable bowel syndrome", "s": "A chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder with unknown cause."}, "https://codexery.com/nutrition-and-diet/e/part-1/lactose-intolerance/": {"t": "Lactose intolerance", "s": "Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest dairy sugar."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/part-1/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/part-1/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/part-1/bowel-obstruction/": {"t": "Bowel obstruction", "s": "A mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/part-1/menstruation/": {"t": "Menstruation", "s": "Regular discharge of uterine lining triggered by hormonal changes."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/gastrointestinal-tract/": {"t": "Gastrointestinal tract", "s": "The digestive passageway from mouth to anus."}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/part-1/hypersensitivity/": {"t": "Hypersensitivity", "s": "An immune response causing tissue damage, reproducible upon re-exposure to antigen."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/large-intestine/": {"t": "Large intestine", "s": "Last part of the digestive system in tetrapods."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/part-1/carbohydrate/": {"t": "Carbohydrate", "s": "Carbohydrates are sugars and their derivatives, central to life and nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/part-1/appendicitis/": {"t": "Appendicitis", "s": "Inflammation of the appendix, a common surgical emergency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/img/part-1/appendicitis.webp", "c": "CoRus13 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/diverticulitis/": {"t": "Diverticulitis", "s": "Inflammation of colonic diverticula, common in Western populations."}, "https://codexery.com/food-drink/e/part-1/soft-drink/": {"t": "Soft drink", "s": "The bubbly, non-alcoholic refreshment that comes in countless flavors and names around the world."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/part-1/esophagus/": {"t": "Esophagus", "s": "A fibromuscular tube transporting food from pharynx to stomach."}, "/e/part-1/dysphagia/": {"t": "Dysphagia", "s": "Difficulty in swallowing, a symptom or condition."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/part-1/eating/": {"t": "Eating", "s": "The ingestion of food for digestion, essential for heterotrophic organisms."}, "/e/part-1/abdominal-distension/": {"t": "Abdominal distension", "s": "Abdominal distension is a symptom, not a disease."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/part-1/developed-country/": {"t": "Developed country", "s": "A country with high living standards and advanced economy."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/part-1/pancreatitis/": {"t": "Pancreatitis", "s": "Inflammation of the pancreas, with acute and chronic forms."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-triads/e/part-1/budd-chiari-syndrome/": {"t": "Budd–Chiari syndrome", "s": "A rare hepatic vein obstruction syndrome with varied presentations."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/part-1/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/part-1/physical-examination/": {"t": "Physical examination", "s": "A medical checkup for signs or symptoms of disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/part-1/physical-examination.webp", "c": "Harris & Ewing, photographer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms/e/part-1/hematemesis/": {"t": "Hematemesis", "s": "Vomiting of blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract, a medical emergency."}, "https://codexery.com/danish-inventions/e/part-1/gram-stain/": {"t": "Gram stain", "s": "A staining method that classifies bacteria into two groups."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/inflammation/": {"t": "Inflammation", "s": "Biological defence response of body tissues to harmful stimuli."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/part-1/randomized-controlled-trial/": {"t": "Randomized controlled trial", "s": "A statistical experiment using random allocation to reduce bias."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/part-1/potassium/": {"t": "Potassium", "s": "Soft alkali metal essential to life and widely used in fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/part-1/ultrafiltration/": {"t": "Ultrafiltration", "s": "Pressure-driven membrane separation for purifying and concentrating macromolecular solutions."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/part-1/oath/": {"t": "Oath", "s": "A solemn promise or statement made with sacrality."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/proto-indo-europeans/": {"t": "Proto-Indo-Europeans", "s": "Postulated prehistoric speakers of the ancestor of the Indo-European language family.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/part-1/proto-indo-europeans.webp", "c": "Kindattu2004 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/part-1/mood-disorder/": {"t": "Mood disorder", "s": "A group of mental disorders with mood disturbance as the core feature."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/part-1/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/": {"t": "Obsessive–compulsive disorder", "s": "Chronic mental disorder with obsessions and compulsions impairing function."}, "https://codexery.com/hygiene-and-personal-care/e/part-1/mouthwash/": {"t": "Mouthwash", "s": "A liquid for oral hygiene, used to reduce microbes, freshen breath, or treat oral conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/part-1/tooth-decay/": {"t": "Tooth decay", "s": "Bacterial acid destroys tooth hard tissues, causing cavities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/part-1/tooth-decay.webp", "c": "தகவலுழவன் · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/part-1/abscess/": {"t": "Abscess", "s": "A pus-filled pocket caused by infection, often requiring drainage."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/herpes/": {"t": "Herpes", "s": "A lifelong viral infection with periodic symptoms and no cure."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/part-1/human-papillomavirus-infection/": {"t": "Human papillomavirus infection", "s": "HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and a leading cause of several cancers."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/part-1/habitat/": {"t": "Habitat", "s": "Habitat is the species-specific physical manifestation of its ecological niche."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/part-1/epithelium/": {"t": "Epithelium", "s": "Protective layer of cells lining body surfaces and cavities."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/part-1/anaerobic-respiration/": {"t": "Anaerobic respiration", "s": "Respiration without oxygen, using alternative electron acceptors."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/organosulfur-chemistry/": {"t": "Organosulfur chemistry", "s": "Study of organic compounds containing sulfur."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/part-1/hydrogen-sulfide/": {"t": "Hydrogen sulfide", "s": "Colorless, toxic gas with a rotten-egg odor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/part-1/hydrogen-sulfide.webp", "c": "Jynto ( talk ) · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/part-1/cartilage/": {"t": "Cartilage", "s": "Resilient connective tissue covering joints and supporting body structures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/part-1/cartilage.webp", "c": "Cristobal carrasco (originale); Fabyrav · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs/e/part-1/fistula/": {"t": "Fistula", "s": "An abnormal connection between two hollow spaces in the body."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/part-1/taste/": {"t": "Taste", "s": "The sensory system for perceiving taste, primarily via tongue taste buds."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/part-1/wrist/": {"t": "Wrist", "s": "Complex joint region of eight carpal bones and associated structures."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/part-1/dental-floss/": {"t": "Dental floss", "s": "A cord for interdental cleaning, invented in 1819."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/part-1/hydrogen-peroxide/": {"t": "Hydrogen peroxide", "s": "A reactive oxygen species used as an oxidizer and antiseptic."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/part-1/cinnamon/": {"t": "Cinnamon", "s": "A spice from the inner bark of Cinnamomum trees, used as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-classical-texts/e/part-1/hippocratic-corpus/": {"t": "Hippocratic Corpus", "s": "Collection of ancient Greek medical works attributed to Hippocrates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-classical-texts/img/part-1/hippocratic-corpus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hippocratic Corpus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/part-1/red-algae/": {"t": "Red algae", "s": "Red algae, known scientifically as Rhodophyta—a name derived from the Greek words for \"rose\" and \"plant\"—are among the oldest and most diverse groups of eukaryo", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/img/part-1/red-algae.webp", "c": "Derek Keats · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/brewing-processes/e/part-1/beer/": {"t": "Beer", "s": "One of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brewing-processes/img/part-1/beer.webp", "c": "Calebhsimone · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/part-1/helicobacter-pylori/": {"t": "Helicobacter pylori", "s": "Gram-negative bacterium causing gastric ulcers and linked to stomach cancer."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/regurgitation-digestion/": {"t": "Regurgitation (digestion)", "s": "Expulsion of material from pharynx or esophagus, often for feeding young."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/part-1/culture-of-japan/": {"t": "Culture of Japan", "s": "Japanese culture blends ancient traditions with global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/img/part-1/culture-of-japan.webp", "c": "U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class David S. Calcote · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/part-1/jet-engine/": {"t": "Jet engine", "s": "Reaction engine discharging heated gas to produce thrust."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/part-1/escherichia-coli/": {"t": "Escherichia coli", "s": "A model bacterium central to microbiology and biotechnology."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/part-1/greenhouse-effect/": {"t": "Greenhouse effect", "s": "The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat by gases in a planet's atmosphere, raising its surface temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/part-1/maize/": {"t": "Maize", "s": "Domesticated grass staple, key to global food and industry."}, "/e/part-1/defecation/": {"t": "Defecation", "s": "Biological process of eliminating feces from the digestive tract.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and/img/part-1/defecation.webp", "c": "Rama · CC BY-SA 2.0 fr"}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/part-1/chronic-condition/": {"t": "Chronic condition", "s": "Chronic conditions are persistent health states lasting over three months."}, "/e/part-1/rectal-pain/": {"t": "Rectal pain", "s": "Pain in the rectal area with 68 documented causes."}, "/e/part-1/heartburn/": {"t": "Heartburn", "s": "A burning chest sensation often linked to acid reflux."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/obesity/": {"t": "Obesity", "s": "A medical condition of excess body fat with serious health impacts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/part-1/obesity.webp", "c": "Diabetes · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/part-1/diphenhydramine/": {"t": "Diphenhydramine", "s": "First-generation antihistamine with sedative and anticholinergic effects."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/part-1/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/part-1/radiation-therapy/": {"t": "Radiation therapy", "s": "Ionizing radiation used to treat cancer and other conditions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/part-1/radiation-therapy.webp", "c": "Linda Bartlett (Photographer) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/dehydration/": {"t": "Dehydration", "s": "A lack of total body water disrupting metabolic processes."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/part-1/malnutrition/": {"t": "Malnutrition", "s": "A disease category including undernutrition and overnutrition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/part-1/malnutrition.webp", "c": "HCUP Outreach2016 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/part-1/central-nervous-system/": {"t": "Central nervous system", "s": "Central nervous system integrates and coordinates body activity."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/colorectal-cancer/": {"t": "Colorectal cancer", "s": "A common cancer of the colon or rectum."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/part-1/breast-cancer/": {"t": "Breast cancer", "s": "A cancer from breast tissue; leading cancer in women."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/part-1/opioid/": {"t": "Opioid", "s": "Opioids: natural and synthetic substances that bind to opioid receptors, used for pain relief and other medical purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/part-1/preventive-healthcare/": {"t": "Preventive healthcare", "s": "Preventive healthcare uses anticipatory actions—primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary—to prevent disease and promote well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventions/e/part-1/classical-conditioning/": {"t": "Classical conditioning", "s": "A behavioral procedure pairing stimuli to produce automatic responses."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/part-1/palliative-care/": {"t": "Palliative care", "s": "Interdisciplinary care optimizing quality of life in serious illness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/part-1/palliative-care.webp", "c": "Jwslubbock · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-triads/e/part-1/infectious-mononucleosis/": {"t": "Infectious mononucleosis", "s": "Common viral infection causing fever, sore throat, and fatigue."}, "/e/part-1/diarrhea/": {"t": "Diarrhea", "s": "A common condition causing dehydration and childhood mortality worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/part-1/childbirth/": {"t": "Childbirth", "s": "Completion of pregnancy resulting in one or more newborns."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/part-1/anal-hygiene/": {"t": "Anal hygiene", "s": "Practices for cleaning the anus after defecation."}, "/e/part-1/fecal-incontinence/": {"t": "Fecal incontinence", "s": "A stigmatized condition causing involuntary loss of bowel contents."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/part-1/pelvis/": {"t": "Pelvis", "s": "Basin-shaped skeleton connecting trunk to lower limbs."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/part-1/cardiac-arrest/": {"t": "Cardiac arrest", "s": "Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart function."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/part-1/blood-pressure/": {"t": "Blood pressure", "s": "A vital sign measuring pressure of circulating blood against vessel walls."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/part-1/aneurysm/": {"t": "Aneurysm", "s": "An abnormal bulging of a blood vessel wall due to a weak spot."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/part-1/thrombosis/": {"t": "Thrombosis", "s": "Formation of a blood clot obstructing blood flow.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/part-1/thrombosis.webp", "c": "James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/part-1/sanitation/": {"t": "Sanitation", "s": "Sanitation systems aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-skin-and/e/part-1/pallor/": {"t": "Pallor", "s": "Pallor is pale skin from reduced oxyhaemoglobin, often seen on face and palms."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/part-1/breastfeeding/": {"t": "Breastfeeding", "s": "Breastfeeding provides essential nutrition and immune benefits to infants and mothers."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/gastroenteritis/": {"t": "Gastroenteritis", "s": "Inflammation of the stomach and intestines causing diarrhea and vomiting."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/dysentery/": {"t": "Dysentery", "s": "A diarrheal disease causing bloody stools, often from poor sanitation."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/part-1/drinking-water/": {"t": "Drinking water", "s": "Water safe for ingestion, essential for health, scarce for billions."}, "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/e/part-1/hand-washing/": {"t": "Hand washing", "s": "Hand washing with soap reduces infections and saves lives.", "i": "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/img/part-1/hand-washing.webp", "c": "Bijay Chaurasia · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/part-1/zinc/": {"t": "Zinc", "s": "The essential trace element with a shiny blue whitish appearance."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/part-1/loperamide/": {"t": "Loperamide", "s": "Opioid agonist used to treat diarrhea by slowing intestinal contractions."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/part-1/stunted-growth/": {"t": "Stunted growth", "s": "Impaired growth in children, largely irreversible after age two."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/moctezuma-ii/": {"t": "Moctezuma II", "s": "Ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire, whose reign saw the empire's greatest expansion and the first European contact."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/magnesium/": {"t": "Magnesium", "s": "Lightweight metal essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/part-1/shigella/": {"t": "Shigella", "s": "A genus of bacteria causing shigellosis, primarily in primates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/img/part-1/shigella.webp", "c": "Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-pathogens/e/part-1/salmonella/": {"t": "Salmonella", "s": "A genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that includes both typhoidal and nontyphoidal serotypes causing human disease."}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/part-1/acute-medicine/": {"t": "Acute (medicine)", "s": "Medical term for recent onset or short-duration disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pain/img/part-1/acute-medicine.webp", "c": "Ant.ton.t · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/rotavirus/": {"t": "Rotavirus", "s": "Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea in young children worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/part-1/rotavirus.webp", "c": "Bernadeta Dadonaite and Hannah Ritchie · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/e/part-1/campylobacter/": {"t": "Campylobacter", "s": "Curved bacteria causing common gastroenteritis worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/img/part-1/campylobacter.webp", "c": "De Wood, Pooley, USDA, ARS, EMU. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/part-1/species/": {"t": "Species", "s": "Basic unit of classification and biodiversity."}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/part-1/protozoa/": {"t": "Protozoa", "s": "Polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, historically seen as first animals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/img/part-1/protozoa.webp", "c": "Pitelka, Dorothy R. (Dorothy Riggs), 1920- · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/parasitism/": {"t": "Parasitism", "s": "A close, harmful relationship where one organism exploits another."}, "/e/part-1/esophageal-dysphagia/": {"t": "Esophageal dysphagia", "s": "Esophageal dysphagia arises from mechanical or motility issues in the esophagus."}, "/e/part-1/oropharyngeal-dysphagia/": {"t": "Oropharyngeal dysphagia", "s": "A swallowing disorder causing difficulty moving material from the oropharynx to the esophagus."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/pneumonia/": {"t": "Pneumonia", "s": "Inflammatory lung condition primarily affecting alveoli, caused by infection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/part-1/pneumonia.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rare-diseases/e/part-1/als/": {"t": "ALS", "s": "Rare neurodegenerative disease causing progressive motor neuron loss."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/part-1/oppositional-defiant-disorder/": {"t": "Oppositional defiant disorder", "s": "A childhood disorder marked by defiant and hostile behavior toward authority."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/part-1/adenocarcinoma/": {"t": "Adenocarcinoma", "s": "A malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue occurring in many organs."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-triads/e/part-1/triple-a-syndrome/": {"t": "Triple-A syndrome", "s": "Rare autosomal recessive disorder with achalasia, addisonianism, and alacrima."}, "https://codexery.com/common-infections-and-diseases/e/part-1/chagas-disease/": {"t": "Chagas disease", "s": "Tropical parasitic disease spread by kissing bugs, often chronic."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/part-1/trypanosoma-cruzi/": {"t": "Trypanosoma cruzi", "s": "A parasitic kinetoplastid causing Chagas disease, transmitted by triatomine bugs."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/part-1/atrophy/": {"t": "Atrophy", "s": "Partial or complete wasting away of a body part."}, "/e/part-1/encopresis/": {"t": "Encopresis", "s": "Repeated stool passage in inappropriate places by a child."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/part-1/unemployment/": {"t": "Unemployment", "s": "Unemployment is the state of being without work while seeking it."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/part-1/depression-mood/": {"t": "Depression (mood)", "s": "A mental state of low mood and aversion to activity."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/part-1/menopause/": {"t": "Menopause", "s": "The permanent end of menstrual periods, marking the end of the reproductive stage."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/stroke/": {"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/dementia/": {"t": "Dementia", "s": "A progressive syndrome of cognitive decline affecting daily life."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/hemorrhoid/": {"t": "Hemorrhoid", "s": "Vascular cushions in the anal canal that can become diseased."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/prostate-cancer/": {"t": "Prostate cancer", "s": "Prostate cancer: uncontrolled growth of prostate cells, often detected by PSA screening.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/part-1/prostate-cancer.webp", "c": "Cancer Research UK · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/part-1/rectal-discharge/": {"t": "Rectal discharge", "s": "Rectal discharge is liquid from the anus, often mucus or pus."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/part-1/sternum/": {"t": "Sternum", "s": "A long flat bone forming the front of the rib cage."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/part-1/esophagitis/": {"t": "Esophagitis", "s": "Inflammation of the esophagus, often from acid reflux.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/img/part-1/esophagitis.webp", "c": "CoRus13 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/part-1/side-effect/": {"t": "Side effect", "s": "Unintended effects of drugs, often adverse but sometimes beneficial."}, "https://codexery.com/steroid-responsive-inflammatory-conditio/e/part-1/eosinophilic-esophagitis/": {"t": "Eosinophilic esophagitis", "s": "Allergic esophageal inflammation marked by eosinophil infiltration."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/coronary-artery-disease/": {"t": "Coronary artery disease", "s": "The most common cardiovascular disease, caused by plaque buildup in heart arteries."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/part-1/stomach/": {"t": "Stomach", "s": "A muscular digestive organ that breaks down food chemically and mechanically."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/part-1/pancreas/": {"t": "Pancreas", "s": "A mixed gland behind the stomach, regulating blood sugar and aiding digestion."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/part-1/cholecystitis/": {"t": "Cholecystitis", "s": "Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/img/part-1/cholecystitis.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/gallstone/": {"t": "Gallstone", "s": "Stone formed in gallbladder from precipitated bile components."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/part-1/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drug/": {"t": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "s": "Drug class reducing pain, inflammation, fever, and blood clots."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/part-1/medication/": {"t": "Medication", "s": "Substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/part-1/medication.webp", "c": "Samsule2 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/part-1/jaundice/": {"t": "Jaundice", "s": "Yellowing of skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels."}, "https://codexery.com/genetic-disorders-with-no-omim/e/part-1/congenital-dyserythropoietic-anemia/": {"t": "Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia", "s": "A group of rare inherited blood disorders with bone marrow failure to produce healthy red blood cells."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/part-1/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/part-1/blood-transfusion/": {"t": "Blood transfusion", "s": "Intravenous transfer of blood components to treat medical conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/part-1/circulatory-system/": {"t": "Circulatory system", "s": "A closed network of heart, blood, and vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/part-1/red-blood-cell/": {"t": "Red blood cell", "s": "Vertebrate cells that deliver oxygen via hemoglobin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/part-1/red-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: Red blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/part-1/macrophage/": {"t": "Macrophage", "s": "White blood cells that engulf pathogens and regulate immune responses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/part-1/macrophage.webp", "c": "Noah Smith · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/part-1/blood-smear/": {"t": "Blood smear", "s": "A thin layer of blood on a slide, stained and examined microscopically to diagnose blood disorders and parasites."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/excretion/": {"t": "Excretion", "s": "Excretion removes metabolic waste from organisms."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/hearing-loss/": {"t": "Hearing loss", "s": "Partial or total inability to hear, affecting billions worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/part-1/visual-impairment/": {"t": "Visual impairment", "s": "Visual impairment is partial or total inability of visual perception.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/part-1/visual-impairment.webp", "c": "Simon Legner ( User:simon04 ) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/part-1/preterm-birth/": {"t": "Preterm birth", "s": "Preterm birth is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, with risks increasing the earlier the baby is born."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-endocrinology-nutriti/e/part-1/anorexia-symptom/": {"t": "Anorexia (symptom)", "s": "Loss of appetite as a symptom, not a diagnosis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-endocrinology-nutriti/img/part-1/anorexia-symptom.webp", "c": "Kristian Niemi · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/part-1/blood-test/": {"t": "Blood test", "s": "Laboratory analysis of blood for medical diagnosis and monitoring."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/part-1/mole-unit/": {"t": "Mole (unit)", "s": "SI base unit for amount of substance."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/part-1/litre/": {"t": "Litre", "s": "Metric unit of volume, equal to one cubic decimetre."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/hepatitis/": {"t": "Hepatitis", "s": "Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viruses or toxins."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/part-1/surgery/": {"t": "Surgery", "s": "Surgery is a medical specialty using manual techniques to treat conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/feces/": {"t": "Feces", "s": "Solid waste discharged during defecation, used in agriculture and medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/part-1/lymph/": {"t": "Lymph", "s": "Fluid that returns interstitial fluid and proteins to the bloodstream."}, "/e/part-1/hemolytic-jaundice/": {"t": "Hemolytic jaundice", "s": "A jaundice type from excessive red blood cell destruction."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/part-1/medical-imaging/": {"t": "Medical imaging", "s": "Technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/part-1/medical-imaging.webp", "c": "Harrison Keely · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/gastrointestinal-disease/": {"t": "Gastrointestinal disease", "s": "Diseases affecting the digestive system from mouth to anus."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/foodborne-illness/": {"t": "Foodborne illness", "s": "Illness from contaminated food, a major global health burden."}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/part-1/motion-sickness/": {"t": "Motion sickness", "s": "Motion sickness arises from mismatched sensory signals about motion."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-sensations/e/part-1/dizziness/": {"t": "Dizziness", "s": "A common medical complaint with four main subtypes."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/part-1/hypoglycemia/": {"t": "Hypoglycemia", "s": "Low blood sugar can cause seizures and other symptoms; prompt treatment with sugar or glucagon is key."}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/part-1/hyperthermia/": {"t": "Hyperthermia", "s": "A condition of failed thermoregulation causing dangerously elevated body temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/dysmenorrhea/": {"t": "Dysmenorrhea", "s": "Painful menstrual cramps affecting most women at some point."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/eating-disorder/": {"t": "Eating disorder", "s": "Understanding eating disorders: types, prevalence, and recovery."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/part-1/brain-tumor/": {"t": "Brain tumor", "s": "A brain tumor is a mass of uncontrolled cell growth in the brain, which can cause seizures and other symptoms depending on size and location.", "i": "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/img/part-1/brain-tumor.webp", "c": "CF · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/part-1/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/rabies/": {"t": "Rabies", "s": "A viral brain infection that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/part-1/rabies.webp", "c": "Own Work · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/part-1/carbon-monoxide-poisoning/": {"t": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "s": "A common, often fatal poisoning from colorless, odorless carbon monoxide gas."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/part-1/vasopressin/": {"t": "Vasopressin", "s": "Hormone regulating water balance and blood pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/part-1/geriatrics/": {"t": "Geriatrics", "s": "Medical specialty focused on older adults' health needs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/part-1/geriatrics.webp", "c": "Ashashyou · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/part-1/brain/": {"t": "Brain", "s": "Central organ of the nervous system in vertebrates and most invertebrates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/part-1/brain.webp", "c": "Bobjgalindo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/part-1/phobia/": {"t": "Phobia", "s": "An anxiety disorder marked by irrational, excessive fear."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/part-1/mucus/": {"t": "Mucus", "s": "Slippery gel protecting and lubricating body surfaces."}, "https://codexery.com/origin-myths/e/part-1/etiology/": {"t": "Etiology", "s": "Study of causes, origins, or reasons behind phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/part-1/chlamydia-trachomatis/": {"t": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "s": "Obligate intracellular bacterium causing blindness and sexually transmitted infections."}, "/e/part-1/rectal-tenesmus/": {"t": "Rectal tenesmus", "s": "Sensation of incomplete defecation despite bowel evacuation."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/part-1/treponema-pallidum/": {"t": "Treponema pallidum", "s": "A stealthy spirochaete with subspecies causing syphilis, bejel, and yaws."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/part-1/abdominal-pain/": {"t": "Abdominal pain", "s": "A symptom indicating a wide variety of diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/part-1/electrolyte/": {"t": "Electrolyte", "s": "Substance conducting electricity through ion movement, vital in biology and technology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/part-1/electrolyte.webp", "c": "Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/part-1/coccydynia/": {"t": "Coccydynia", "s": "Pain in the tailbone, often from falls or prolonged sitting."}, "/e/part-1/obstructed-defecation/": {"t": "Obstructed defecation", "s": "A functional constipation subtype with impaired rectal emptying."}}