Variegated spinefoot (Siganus randalli)

Classification (WoRMS)

Full classification as recorded by WoRMS: Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Teleostei · Order: Acanthuriformes · Family: Siganidae · Genus: Siganus.

Accepted name: Siganus randalli · Authority: Woodland, 1990 · Taxonomic status: accepted · AphiaID: 273923.

Source: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=273923 (CC BY 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-23.

Biology and life history (FishBase)

Measured values published by FishBase for Siganus randalli. Only fields the database actually holds for this species are shown; these are database values, not aquarium guidance.

Maximum length: 33.5 cm · Common length: 25 cm · Depth range: 1–15 m · Habitat zone: reef-associated · Body shape: short and / or deep · Vulnerability index: 27.2 of 100 · Fishery importance: subsistence fisheries · Aquarium trade: never/rarely.

FishBase notes: Adults inhabit coral reef areas with sand and coral rubble, down to at least 15 m. Juveniles found in mangroves (Ref. 9710). Adults occur in schools of 10 to 20 or more and feed on algae growing on compacted pavement areas (Ref. 9813).

Source: FishBase species summary (SpecCode 4626) — https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Siganus-randalli.html (CC BY-NC 3.0 — non-commercial use only). Accessed 2026-09-23.

Distribution and occurrence records (GBIF)

137 georeferenced occurrence records for Siganus randalli are published through GBIF from 6 countries or marine areas. The map above plots 13 distinct locations from a sample of 137 records, omitting 2 inland records that carry an institution's coordinates rather than a collection site; it shows where the species has been observed and reported, not a modelled range.

Most records by country or area: Micronesia (Federated States of) (122); Papua New Guinea (5); Solomon Islands (4); New Caledonia (3); Palau (2); Northern Mariana Islands (1).

Source: GBIF Occurrence Search (taxonKey 2390261) — https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=2390261&has_coordinate=true (records CC0 / CC BY); WoRMS distribution records (MarineRegions) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=273923 (CC BY 4.0); Natural Earth 110m basemap — https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (public domain). Accessed 2026-09-23.

Conservation status (IUCN Red List)

The IUCN Red List assesses Siganus randalli Woodland, 1990 as Least Concern (code LC). No trend, population estimate or threat analysis is given here, because none is available from this source without the Red List API; follow the source link for the full assessment, including its date.

Source: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (taxon 69738808) — https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/69738808/0; GBIF IUCN Red List category endpoint (taxonKey 2390261) — https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/2390261/iucnRedListCategory. Accessed 2026-09-23.

Description and natural history (Wikipedia)

Siganus randalli was first formally described in 1990 by the ichthyologist David J. Woodland with the type locality given as a coral reef flat off Paruru Plantation in the Marau Lagoon on Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Islands. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist John E. Randall of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, Randall brought this species to Woodland's attention and gave him a lot of help with his revision of the genus Siganus.

Siganus randalli has a laterally compressed, deep body which has a depth which fits into its standard length between 2 and 2.2 times. The head has a dorsal profile which is indented above the eye while the snout is slightly concave. The front nostril has a peak on its rear edge. There is a recumbent spine to the front of the dorsal fin, it is imbedded in the nape. Like all rabbitfishes, the dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft rays. The fin spines hold venom glands. The caudal fin is emarginate. This species attains a maximum total length of 33.5 cm, although 25 cm is more typical. The overall colour is bronze, marked with pale blue spots on the head and front of the body. The spots are replaced by similar coloured serpentine lines on the rear part of the body the separation being a line running from the base of the last spine in the dorsal fin to base of first spine in the anal fin. The smallest spots are on the nape becoming bigger on the cheek and larger again on the mid flank with the spaces between the spots slightly shorter than their diameters. The spiny part of the dorsal fin is bronze and the soft part is bronze at the base and bluish towards the margin. The anal fin bronze with bluish tips to its soft rays. The caudal fin is blue with serpentine bronze markings which separate into spots and short lines on its outer half. The pectoral fins are hyaline with blue fin rays while the pelvic fins are bronze.

Siganus randalli is found in the West Pacific around Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands north to Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Guam in the Marianas. It is found at depths between 1 and 15 m. The adults occur in coral reefs where there is sand and coral rubble while juveniles inhabit mangroves.

Siganus randalli occurs over areas of compacted pavement where they live in small schools of 10-20 individuals and feed on benthic algae. The juveniles form schools in mangroves. This species produces venom in the spines of its fins. In a study of the venom of a congener it was found that rabbitfish venom was similar to the venom of stonefishes.

Siganus randalli is claimed to be landed, with other rabbitfishes, in small amounts in the Philippines, although this has to be confirmed as the Philippines are outside the known range of this species. Fijian tuna fisheries use this species as bait and it is caught with spearguns. In Guam this species is being researched for its potential in aquaculture.

Source: Wikipedia: Siganus randalli — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siganus_randalli (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-23.