Singular bannerfish (Heniochus singularius)

Classification (WoRMS)

Full classification as recorded by WoRMS: Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Teleostei · Order: Acanthuriformes · Family: Chaetodontidae · Genus: Heniochus.

Accepted name: Heniochus singularius · Authority: Smith & Radcliffe, 1911 · Taxonomic status: accepted · AphiaID: 218766.

Synonyms and superseded combinations recorded for this taxon: Heniochus singularis Smith & Radcliffe, 1911.

Source: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218766 (CC BY 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-23.

Biology and life history (FishBase)

Measured values published by FishBase for Heniochus singularius. Only fields the database actually holds for this species are shown; these are database values, not aquarium guidance.

Maximum length: 30 cm · Depth range: 2–250 m · Habitat zone: reef-associated · Body shape: short and / or deep · Vulnerability index: 20 of 100 · Fishery importance: minor commercial · Aquarium trade: commercial.

FishBase notes: An uncommon species (Ref. 9710) that inhabits deep lagoon and seaward reefs. Adults solitary or in small groups and prefer areas with rich coral growth and high vertical relief (Ref. 1602). Juveniles solitary and secretive on inshore reefs. Largest of the bannerfishes (Ref. 48636). Feed on coral polyps (Ref. 9710). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).

Source: FishBase species summary (SpecCode 5591) — https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Heniochus-singularius.html (CC BY-NC 3.0 — non-commercial use only). Accessed 2026-09-23.

Distribution and occurrence records (GBIF)

1,063 georeferenced occurrence records for Heniochus singularius are published through GBIF from 35 countries or marine areas. The map above plots 214 distinct locations from a sample of 1,063 records, omitting 29 inland records that carry an institution's coordinates rather than a collection site; it shows where the species has been observed and reported, not a modelled range.

Most records by country or area: New Caledonia (209); Indonesia (177); American Samoa (107); Fiji (101); Thailand (87).

The full country table, WoRMS marine regions and the sampling notes are on this species' Distribution page.

Source: GBIF Occurrence Search (taxonKey 2385739) — https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=2385739&has_coordinate=true (records CC0 / CC BY); WoRMS distribution records (MarineRegions) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218766 (CC BY 4.0); Natural Earth 110m basemap — https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (public domain). Accessed 2026-09-23.

Conservation status (IUCN Red List)

The IUCN Red List assesses Heniochus singularius Smith & Radcliffe, 1911 as Least Concern (code LC). No trend, population estimate or threat analysis is given here, because none is available from this source without the Red List API; follow the source link for the full assessment, including its date.

Source: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (taxon 165622) — https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/165622/0; GBIF IUCN Red List category endpoint (taxonKey 2385739) — https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/2385739/iucnRedListCategory. Accessed 2026-09-23.

Description and natural history (Wikipedia)

Heniochus singularius adults and juveniles are rather different in appearance, the juveniles have the 4th spine of the spiny part of the dorsal fin elongated to form a white banner and this makes its triangular shape more obvious. The adults have a less lengthy banner, giving them a fuller shape which more closely resembles the typical butterflyfish shape. The colour pattern on the body starts with a white band encircling the mouth, then there are a number of black bands. These include an eye stripe which runs from above the eye to the chin. Following the eye stripe there is a band in the middle of the body to the front of the dorsal fin. The final black band runs diagonally from the start of the soft-rayed part of the dorsal fin to the rear of the anal fin. The soft rayed part of the dorsal fin and the caudal fin are bright canary yellow. In the adults the body between the black bands has a fine reticulated pattern. There is a bony bump on the head. The dorsal fin contains 11-12 spines and 25-27 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17-18 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm and is the largest species of the genus Heniochus.

Heniochus singularius has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution which extends from the central Indian Ocean around the Maldives and the Chagos Islands east to Samoa. The range extends north to southern Japan and south to northern Australia. In Australia it is found from Shark Bay to the Dampier Archipelago and the offshore reefs of Western Australia, and along the northern Great Barrier Reef south as far as Moreton Bay in Queensland; it also occurs at Christmas Island.

Heniochus singularius is found along coastal, inner and outer reef slopes. It shows a preference for areas with plentiful coral growth and varied topography. The juveniles are normally found in shallow lagoons, but may also be found in deeper water in the vicinity of caves and rock shelters. They feed on coral polyps, possibly including live coral, benthic invertebrates and algae. They are oviparous and form pairs to breed.

Heniochus singularius was first formally described in 1911 by the American zoologists Hugh McCormick Smith and Lewis Radcliffe with the type locality given as Alibijaban in Ragay Gulf of Luzon in the Philippines.

Heniochus singularius is uncommon in the wild and is also uncommon in the aquarium trade.

Source: Wikipedia: Heniochus singularius — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heniochus_singularius (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-23.