Brown-and-white butterflyfish (Hemitaurichthys zoster)
Source-cited species reference: taxonomy from WoRMS, biology from FishBase, occurrence map from GBIF, conservation from IUCN Red List, description from Wikipedia.
Hemitaurichthys zoster, commonly known as the brown-and-white butterflyfish, black pyramid butterflyfish, zoster butterflyfish or brushtooth butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the butterflyfish family Chaetodontidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean.
- Scientific name
- Hemitaurichthys zoster
- Authority
- (Bennett, 1831)
- Family
- Chaetodontidae
- Order
- Acanthuriformes
- Maximum length
- 18 cm
- Depth range
- 1–40 m
- Habitat zone
- reef-associated
- Iucn red list
- Least Concern
- Gbif occurrence records
- 533
Classification (WoRMS)
Full classification as recorded by WoRMS: Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Teleostei · Order: Acanthuriformes · Family: Chaetodontidae · Genus: Hemitaurichthys.
Accepted name: Hemitaurichthys zoster · Authority: (Bennett, 1831) · Taxonomic status: accepted · AphiaID: 218762.
Synonyms and superseded combinations recorded for this taxon: Chaetodon zoster Bennett, 1831; Hemitaurichtys zoster (Bennett, 1831); Tetragonoptrus zoster (Bennett, 1831).
Source: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218762 (CC BY 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-23.
Biology and life history (FishBase)
Measured values published by FishBase for Hemitaurichthys zoster. Only fields the database actually holds for this species are shown; these are database values, not aquarium guidance.
Maximum length: 18 cm · Depth range: 1–40 m · Habitat zone: reef-associated · Body shape: short and / or deep · Vulnerability index: 10 of 100 · Fishery importance: of no interest · Aquarium trade: commercial.
FishBase notes: Inhabit open water off the reef edge (Ref. 6113), to depths greater than 35 m (Ref. 9710). Form large schools. Feed on zooplankton and algae (Ref. 5503) above the reef (Ref. 5372). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Replaced by H. polylepsis at Christmas and Cocos-Keeling Islands (Ref. 90102).
Source: FishBase species summary (SpecCode 7795) — https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Hemitaurichthys-zoster.html (CC BY-NC 3.0 — non-commercial use only). Accessed 2026-09-23.
Distribution and occurrence records (GBIF)
533 georeferenced occurrence records for Hemitaurichthys zoster are published through GBIF from 20 countries or marine areas. The map above plots 82 distinct locations from a sample of 533 records, omitting 2 inland records that carry an institution's coordinates rather than a collection site; it shows where the species has been observed and reported, not a modelled range.
Most records by country or area: Maldives (265); Seychelles (77); Réunion (63); South Africa (22); Mayotte (19); Indonesia (18); Thailand (14); Mozambique (11); Tanzania, United Republic of (10); French Southern Territories (7); India (5); Kenya (5); British Indian Ocean Territory (4); Comoros (3); Mauritius (3).
Marine regions with a valid WoRMS distribution record: Kenyan Exclusive Economic Zone; Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone; Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone; Madagascar; Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone; Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone; Réunion Exclusive Economic Zone; Comoran Exclusive Economic Zone; Chagos; South Africa (country); Chinese Exclusive Economic Zone.
Source: GBIF Occurrence Search (taxonKey 2385643) — https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=2385643&has_coordinate=true (records CC0 / CC BY); WoRMS distribution records (MarineRegions) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218762 (CC BY 4.0); Natural Earth 110m basemap — https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (public domain). Accessed 2026-09-23.
Conservation status (IUCN Red List)
The IUCN Red List assesses Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett, 1831) as Least Concern (code LC). No trend, population estimate or threat analysis is given here, because none is available from this source without the Red List API; follow the source link for the full assessment, including its date.
Source: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (taxon 165719) — https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/165719/0; GBIF IUCN Red List category endpoint (taxonKey 2385643) — https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/2385643/iucnRedListCategory. Accessed 2026-09-23.
Description and natural history (Wikipedia)
Hemitaurichthys zoster was first formally described as Chaetodon zoster in 1831 by the English zoologist Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1837) with the type locality given as Mauritius. The specific name zoster means "belt" or "girdle" and is presumed to refer to the wide, white band in the middle of this fish's body.
Like most other butterflyfish species, Hemitaurichthys zoster is a small fish, with a maximum length of 18 cm. Its body is compressed laterally with a rounded profile, but the snout is somewhat stretched, with a small terminal protractile mouth. The body is black, crossed in its center by a broad white trapezoid band with a yellow top, corresponding to the center of the dorsal fin. The caudal fin is white.
Hemitaurichthys zoster is widespread throughout tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian Ocean, from the eastern coast of Africa to India and Java, Indonesia. It lives in large schools on outer reef slopes, from which it can sally into open water to feed on plankton. The depth range at which this species is typically found is 3-40 m.
Hemitaurichthys zoster can be found in the aquarium trade, but is rare.
Hemitaurichthys zoster is a planktivore, so the species may be affected by climate-induced reductions in planktonic productivity. However, there does not appear to be any specific current threats, so it is listed as a Least Concern (LC) species by the IUCN.
Source: Wikipedia: Hemitaurichthys zoster — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemitaurichthys_zoster (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-23.
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