{"https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/melilla/": {"t": "Melilla", "s": "Spanish autonomous city on the North African coast."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/barcelona/": {"t": "Barcelona", "s": "Capital of Catalonia, Mediterranean metropolis, and global cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/el-escorial/": {"t": "El Escorial", "s": "The largest Renaissance building in the world, a royal monastery and palace built by Philip II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/el-escorial.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: El Escorial · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/tunisia/": {"t": "Tunisia", "s": "A North African crossroads of ancient civilizations and modern aspirations."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/e/ancient-and-medieval-military-leaders/john-of-austria/": {"t": "John of Austria", "s": "Admiral of the Holy League at Lepanto", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/img/ancient-and-medieval-military-leaders/john-of-austria.webp", "c": "El Escorial · via Wikipedia: John of Austria · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/lombardy/": {"t": "Lombardy", "s": "The most populous region of Italy, second-most populous in the EU, and a global centre for business, fashion, and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/namur/": {"t": "Namur", "s": "Capital of Wallonia at the confluence of Sambre and Meuse."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-m/e/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-modern-era/fernando-lvarez-de-toledo-3rd-duke-of-alba/": {"t": "Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba", "s": "Spanish military officer, statesman and diplomat, often considered the most effective general of his generation."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/lope-de-vega/": {"t": "Lope de Vega", "s": "The Phoenix of Wits: Lope de Vega, master of Spain's Golden Age theatre."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/heracles/": {"t": "Heracles", "s": "The greatest of Greek heroes, champion of the Olympian order, and a bridge between mortal and divine."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-drake/": {"t": "Francis Drake", "s": "English explorer and privateer who completed the second circumnavigation of the world."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/structural-engineering/": {"t": "Structural engineering", "s": "Designing the skeleton of the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/teacher/": {"t": "Teacher", "s": "A person who helps students acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/kronstadt/": {"t": "Kronstadt", "s": "Russian port city and Baltic Fleet fortress guarding Saint Petersburg."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/canary-islands/": {"t": "Canary Islands", "s": "The Fortunate Isles: a subtropical archipelago linking Africa, Europe, and the Americas."}, "/e/spanish-inventors/mar-a-del-carmen-betancourt-y-molina/": {"t": "María del Carmen Betancourt y Molina", "s": "Canarian inventor and pioneer in silk industry modernization."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/almad-n/": {"t": "Almadén", "s": "Site of the world's largest mercury deposits, mined for over two millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulics/": {"t": "Hydraulics", "s": "Technology using pressurized liquids for power and control."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/mechanics/": {"t": "Mechanics", "s": "Physics of force, matter, and motion among objects."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/james-watt/": {"t": "James Watt", "s": "Scottish inventor who improved the steam engine with a separate condenser, powering the Industrial Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/james-watt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: James Watt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/matthew-boulton/": {"t": "Matthew Boulton", "s": "English businessman, inventor, and partner of James Watt", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/matthew-boulton.webp", "c": "Carl Frederik von Breda · via Wikipedia: Matthew Boulton · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/gaspard-monge/": {"t": "Gaspard Monge", "s": "French mathematician who invented descriptive geometry and co-founded École Polytechnique.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/gaspard-monge.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gaspard Monge · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/alexander-pushkin/": {"t": "Alexander Pushkin", "s": "Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era, considered the greatest Russian poet and founder of modern Russian literature."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/lutheranism/": {"t": "Lutheranism", "s": "A major branch of Protestantism arising from Martin Luther's efforts to reform the Catholic Church."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/cavalry/": {"t": "Cavalry", "s": "Mounted warriors who dominated battlefields until the 20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography.webp", "c": "NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/sahara-desert/": {"t": "Sahara Desert", "s": "Largest hot desert, spanning North Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/guglielmo-marconi/": {"t": "Guglielmo Marconi", "s": "Italian inventor of practical wireless telegraphy and Nobel laureate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/guglielmo-marconi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Guglielmo Marconi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/ibiza/": {"t": "Ibiza", "s": "Spanish island known for nightlife, UNESCO site, and Pine Islands."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/parliament/": {"t": "Parliament", "s": "A legislature representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing government."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain between 1936 and 1939, pitting the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/aviation-inventors/e/aviation-inventors/albert-gillis-von-baumhauer/": {"t": "Albert Gillis von Baumhauer", "s": "Dutch aviation pioneer who designed the first Dutch helicopter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aviation-inventors/img/aviation-inventors/albert-gillis-von-baumhauer.webp", "c": "Netherlands Institute for Military History · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/fog/": {"t": "Fog", "s": "A low-lying cloud that shapes weather, travel, and even microbial life."}, "/e/spanish-inventors/agust-n-de-betancourt/": {"t": "Agustín de Betancourt", "s": "Spanish engineer who worked in Spain, France, and Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/myth/": {"t": "Myth", "s": "A sacred narrative central to a society's values and worldview."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/orientalism/": {"t": "Orientalism", "s": "Western depictions of the Eastern world in art, literature, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/essex/": {"t": "Essex", "s": "Ceremonial county in South East England with ancient woodland and long coastline."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/parent/": {"t": "Parent", "s": "A parent is a progenitor or caregiver of an offspring."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-italo-ethiopian-war/": {"t": "Second Italo-Ethiopian War", "s": "Italy's largest colonial campaign, ending in Ethiopia's annexation."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/desalination/": {"t": "Desalination", "s": "Converting salt water to fresh water through artificial processes."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/navigation/": {"t": "Navigation", "s": "The art and science of directing movement from one place to another."}, "/e/spanish-inventors/jer-nimo-de-ayanz-y-beaumont/": {"t": "Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "s": "Spanish inventor of early steam pump and diving suit."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/honor-de-balzac/": {"t": "Honoré de Balzac", "s": "French novelist and playwright, founder of realism in European literature"}, "/e/spanish-inventors/narc-s-monturiol/": {"t": "Narcís Monturiol", "s": "Inventor of the first air-independent combustion-engine submarine."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/ict-neo-i/": {"t": "Ictíneo I", "s": "Early civilian submarine designed by Narcís Monturiol."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/ict-neo-ii/": {"t": "Ictíneo II", "s": "First air-independent, combustion-powered submarine."}, "/e/spanish-inventors/isaac-peral/": {"t": "Isaac Peral", "s": "Spanish engineer who built the first electric-powered submarine."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/la-rioja/": {"t": "La Rioja", "s": "Spain's least populated autonomous community, famed for its Denominación de Origen Calificada Rioja wine."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/breechloader/": {"t": "Breechloader", "s": "A firearm loaded from the rear of the barrel."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/patent/": {"t": "Patent", "s": "A legal right excluding others from an invention for a limited time."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/greek-alphabet/": {"t": "Greek alphabet", "s": "Earliest alphabet to systematically write vowels and consonants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/greek-alphabet.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/printing-press/": {"t": "Printing press", "s": "Machine that transfers ink onto materials by applying pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/catalonia/": {"t": "Catalonia", "s": "An autonomous community in northeastern Spain with a distinct history and language."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/rudder/": {"t": "Rudder", "s": "A control surface for steering through fluid media."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/secondary-school/": {"t": "Secondary school", "s": "Institution providing secondary education, typically for ages 11 to 18."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/laryngoscopy/": {"t": "Laryngoscopy", "s": "Endoscopic procedure for viewing the larynx and vocal folds."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/maria-malibran/": {"t": "Maria Malibran", "s": "Spanish opera singer known for extraordinary vocal range and dramatic intensity."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/jenny-lind/": {"t": "Jenny Lind", "s": "Swedish soprano famed as the 'Swedish Nightingale' and philanthropist."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-virtuosos/e/classical-virtuosos/mathilde-marchesi/": {"t": "Mathilde Marchesi", "s": "The German mezzo-soprano who became a legendary bel canto teacher."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/charles-santley/": {"t": "Charles Santley", "s": "English baritone with a bravura technique and a long, versatile career.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/img/opera-singers/charles-santley.webp", "c": "Published Edward Arnold, scanner Steven J Plunkett · via Wikipedia: Charles Santley · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/newsreels/e/newsreels/path/": {"t": "Pathé", "s": "French film pioneer and inventor of the newsreel."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/military-engineering/": {"t": "Military engineering", "s": "Military engineering shapes the physical operating environment for armed forces."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/stratonautical-space-suit/": {"t": "Stratonautical space suit", "s": "A 1935 pressurised suit, precursor to the space suit."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fantasy-television-series/e/science-fantasy-television-series/el-ministerio-del-tiempo/": {"t": "El ministerio del tiempo", "s": "Spanish fantasy series about a secret ministry guarding time."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/classical-guitar/": {"t": "Classical guitar", "s": "Acoustic nylon-string guitar established by 19th-century Spanish luthier Antonio de Torres Jurado."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/acoustic-guitar/": {"t": "Acoustic guitar", "s": "A string instrument that produces sound through acoustic resonance."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/first-carlist-war/": {"t": "First Carlist War", "s": "A civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840 over succession and monarchy, pitting Carlists against Liberals."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers-and-gymnosperms/e/conifers-and-gymnosperms/picea-abies/": {"t": "Picea abies", "s": "A widely planted spruce native to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers/e/conifers/thuja-plicata/": {"t": "Thuja plicata", "s": "A large, long-lived conifer of great cultural and economic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/jet-engine/": {"t": "Jet engine", "s": "Reaction engine discharging heated gas to produce thrust."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-transfusion/": {"t": "Blood transfusion", "s": "Intravenous transfer of blood components to treat medical conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/spanish-flu/": {"t": "Spanish flu", "s": "A deadly global pandemic misnamed after Spain due to wartime censorship."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/anti-aircraft-warfare/": {"t": "Anti-aircraft warfare", "s": "Measures to nullify or reduce hostile air action.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/img/warfare-and-military-history/anti-aircraft-warfare.webp", "c": "AceDouble · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francisco-franco/": {"t": "Francisco Franco", "s": "Spanish military general and dictator who ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975."}, "/e/spanish-inventors/juan-de-la-cierva/": {"t": "Juan de la Cierva", "s": "Spanish inventor of the autogyro and pioneer of rotor-wing flight."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/buenos-aires/": {"t": "Buenos Aires", "s": "The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: a multicultural capital with eclectic European architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/marble/": {"t": "Marble", "s": "Metamorphic rock prized for sculpture and architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/quarry/": {"t": "Quarry", "s": "A site for excavating rock and earth materials."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/early-flying-machines/": {"t": "Early flying machines", "s": "Early flying machines span legends, kites, balloons, and Renaissance designs, with many claims debated by historians."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/metallurgy/": {"t": "Metallurgy", "s": "The science and technology of metals and alloys."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/heliograph/": {"t": "Heliograph", "s": "A solar telegraph using reflected sunlight for long-distance optical communication."}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/krupp/": {"t": "Krupp", "s": "Europe's largest company and Germany's chief arms maker in two world wars."}, "/e/spanish-inventors/julia-rodr-guez-maribona/": {"t": "Julia Rodríguez-Maribona", "s": "Spanish nurse who co-invented the mop."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/spaniards/": {"t": "Spaniards", "s": "Spaniards are an ethnic group indigenous to Spain with a global legacy."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/air-independent-propulsion/": {"t": "Air-independent propulsion", "s": "AIP allows non-nuclear submarines to operate submerged without atmospheric oxygen."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/postage-stamp/": {"t": "Postage stamp", "s": "A postage stamp is a small piece of paper issued by a post office, postal administration, or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/salvador-dal/": {"t": "Salvador Dalí", "s": "Spanish surrealist master of striking and bizarre imagery", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/salvador-dal.webp", "c": "Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964. · via Wikipedia: Salvador Dalí · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geography/": {"t": "Geography", "s": "Geography is the study of Earth's lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/brain-tumor/": {"t": "Brain tumor", "s": "A brain tumor is a mass of uncontrolled cell growth in the brain, which can cause seizures and other symptoms depending on size and location.", "i": "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/img/disorders-causing-seizures/brain-tumor.webp", "c": "CF · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/surgery/": {"t": "Surgery", "s": "Surgery is a medical specialty using manual techniques to treat conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/irish-inventors/e/irish-inventors/john-philip-holland/": {"t": "John Philip Holland", "s": "Irish-American engineer who pioneered modern submarine design."}, "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/e/maps-and-their-symbols/cartography/": {"t": "Cartography", "s": "The art and science of making and using maps."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/astrolabe/": {"t": "Astrolabe", "s": "Ancient astronomical instrument used as a star chart and analog calculator."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/quadrant-instrument/": {"t": "Quadrant (instrument)", "s": "An angle-measuring instrument derived from the astrolabe."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/vasco-da-gama/": {"t": "Vasco da Gama", "s": "The Portuguese explorer who opened the sea route to India", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/vasco-da-gama.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/afonso-de-albuquerque/": {"t": "Afonso de Albuquerque", "s": "Portuguese general, admiral, statesman, and conquistador; viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan/": {"t": "Ferdinand Magellan", "s": "Portuguese explorer who planned and led the first circumnavigation of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas/": {"t": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "s": "The 1494 treaty that divided the non-European world between Portugal and Castile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas.webp", "c": "Koppchen · CC BY 3.0"}, "/e/spanish-inventors/julia-montouss-fargues/": {"t": "Julia Montoussé Fargues", "s": "Spanish inventor of the modern mop, patented in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/bolivia/": {"t": "Bolivia", "s": "A landlocked South American nation with diverse geography and a rich indigenous heritage."}}