{"/e/space-weather/european-space-weather-portal/": {"t": "European Space Weather portal", "s": "Central European hub for space weather knowledge and outreach."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/atmosphere/": {"t": "Atmosphere", "s": "A layer of gases enveloping an astronomical object, retained by gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/venus/": {"t": "Venus", "s": "Earth's twin, hottest planet, shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/ulysses-spacecraft/": {"t": "Ulysses (spacecraft)", "s": "Solar probe that studied the Sun from all latitudes."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/cluster-ii-spacecraft/": {"t": "Cluster II (spacecraft)", "s": "Four-satellite ESA mission to study Earth's magnetosphere in 3D."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-orbiters/e/extraterrestrial-orbiters/rosetta-spacecraft/": {"t": "Rosetta (spacecraft)", "s": "First spacecraft to orbit and land on a comet."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/space-weather/": {"t": "Space weather", "s": "Study of solar wind effects on the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/european-space-agency-programmes/e/european-space-agency-programmes/copernicus-programme/": {"t": "Copernicus Programme", "s": "Earth observation component of the EU Space Programme.", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-space-agency-programmes/img/european-space-agency-programmes/copernicus-programme.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Copernicus Programme · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-international-space-station/": {"t": "The International Space Station", "s": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular spacecraft in low Earth orbit, assembled and operated by five partner agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, a"}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-france/e/space-program-of-france/cnes/": {"t": "CNES", "s": "French national space agency, Europe's largest such organization."}, "/e/space-weather/space-weather-prediction-center/": {"t": "Space Weather Prediction Center", "s": "Official U.S. source for space weather alerts and warnings."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lagrange-point/": {"t": "Lagrange point", "s": "Equilibrium points for small objects in two-body gravitational systems."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/mile/": {"t": "Mile", "s": "The mile, often called the international mile or statute mile to set it apart from other units with the same name, is a unit of length used in both the British "}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/visible-spectrum/": {"t": "Visible spectrum", "s": "The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye."}, "https://codexery.com/solar-phenomena/e/solar-phenomena/coronal-mass-ejection/": {"t": "Coronal mass ejection", "s": "A massive ejection of solar plasma into space."}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-operators/e/satellite-operators/national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration/": {"t": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration", "s": "U.S. agency for weather, oceans, and atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "/e/space-weather/royal-belgian-institute-for-space-aeronomy/": {"t": "Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy", "s": "Belgian federal institute for space aeronomy research and services."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-conductor/": {"t": "Electrical conductor", "s": "Material enabling electric current flow via charge carriers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-conductor.webp", "c": "MikeRun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-power-transmission/": {"t": "Electric power transmission", "s": "Bulk movement of electrical energy from generation to substations."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/pipeline/": {"t": "Pipeline", "s": "Pipelines are a safe, economical system for long-distance transport of liquids and gases."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/geomagnetic-storm/": {"t": "Geomagnetic storm", "s": "A temporary disturbance of Earth's magnetosphere driven by solar plasma structures."}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/substorm/": {"t": "Substorm", "s": "A brief magnetospheric disturbance that brightens auroral arcs in polar regions."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/ionosphere/": {"t": "Ionosphere", "s": "Ionized upper atmosphere enabling long-distance radio propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/solar-cycle/": {"t": "Solar cycle", "s": "An 11-year periodic change in solar activity and sunspot numbers."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/faraday-s-law-of-induction/": {"t": "Faraday's law of induction", "s": "Law describing how changing magnetic fields induce electric currents."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/direct-current/": {"t": "Direct current", "s": "Direct current flows in one constant direction."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/lithosphere/": {"t": "Lithosphere", "s": "The rigid outer shell of Earth, comprising the crust and lithospheric mantle."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/electrical-telegraph/": {"t": "Electrical telegraph", "s": "First electrical telecommunications system, used from the 1840s."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/transformer/": {"t": "Transformer", "s": "Passive component that transfers electrical energy via electromagnetic induction."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/mesosphere/": {"t": "Mesosphere", "s": "The coldest, least understood layer of Earth's atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmic-ray/": {"t": "Cosmic ray", "s": "High-energy particles from space, discovered via balloon flights in 1912.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/cosmic-ray.webp", "c": "Vahram Mekhitarian · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radiation/": {"t": "Radiation", "s": "Energy emitted as waves or particles through space or matter."}, "https://codexery.com/solar-phenomena/e/solar-phenomena/magnetic-reconnection/": {"t": "Magnetic reconnection", "s": "Magnetic reconnection converts magnetic energy in plasmas, driving solar flares and aurorae."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Stellar magnetic field", "s": "Magnetic fields generated by plasma motion shape stellar activity."}, "https://codexery.com/atmospheric-sciences/e/atmospheric-sciences/aeronomy/": {"t": "Aeronomy", "s": "Study of upper atmospheres and their space interactions."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/magnetic-field/": {"t": "Magnetic field", "s": "A vector field quantifying magnetic influence at a given location."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/science-and-technology/e/science-and-technology/meteorology/": {"t": "Meteorology", "s": "Study of Earth's atmosphere and weather forecasting."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/interstellar-medium/": {"t": "Interstellar medium", "s": "Matter and radiation between star systems in a galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/nuclear-physics/": {"t": "Nuclear physics", "s": "Study of atomic nuclei and their interactions."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/space-physics/": {"t": "Space physics", "s": "Study of natural plasmas in Earth's upper atmosphere and Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Earth's magnetic field", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/ion/": {"t": "Ion", "s": "Atom or molecule with net electric charge from electron-proton imbalance."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/zodiacal-light/": {"t": "Zodiacal light", "s": "A faint glow of sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/stereo/": {"t": "STEREO", "s": "Two spacecraft providing stereoscopic views of the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/x-band/": {"t": "X band", "s": "A microwave band used for radar, space communications, and terrestrial broadband."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-orbiters/e/extraterrestrial-orbiters/bepicolombo/": {"t": "BepiColombo", "s": "A joint ESA-JAXA mission to Mercury with two orbiters, studying the planet's magnetic field, magnetosphere, interior, and surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-orbiters/img/extraterrestrial-orbiters/bepicolombo.webp", "c": "Carmelo Magnafico, Umberto De Filippis, Francesco Santoli, Carlo Lefevre, Marco  · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/mercury-planet/": {"t": "Mercury (planet)", "s": "Smallest planet and closest to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/european-space-agency-programmes/e/european-space-agency-programmes/european-space-agency-science-programme/": {"t": "European Space Agency Science Programme", "s": "ESA's mandatory programme for space science and exploration missions."}, "https://codexery.com/satellites/e/satellites/satellite/": {"t": "Satellite", "s": "Artificial objects placed into orbit around a celestial body."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/low-earth-orbit/": {"t": "Low Earth orbit", "s": "Low Earth orbit hosts most artificial satellites and space stations."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/lyra/": {"t": "Lyra", "s": "A small northern constellation representing the lyre of Orpheus, home to the brilliant star Vega and the Ring Nebula."}, "/e/space-weather/heliophysics/": {"t": "Heliophysics", "s": "Study of the Sun and its influence throughout the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/interstellar-mapping-and-acceleration-probe/": {"t": "Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe", "s": "Heliophysics probe studying particle acceleration and the heliosphere boundary."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geophysics/": {"t": "Geophysics", "s": "The physical science of Earth and planetary processes"}, "/e/space-weather/van-allen-probes/": {"t": "Van Allen Probes", "s": "Two spacecraft studying Earth's radiation belts for seven years."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/exosphere/": {"t": "Exosphere", "s": "The tenuous, collision-less uppermost atmospheric layer merging with space."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/amateur-radio/": {"t": "Amateur radio", "s": "Non-commercial radio communication for experimentation, recreation, and emergency service."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/amateur-radio-call-signs/": {"t": "Amateur radio call signs", "s": "Internationally assigned identifiers for amateur radio operators and stations."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-grid/": {"t": "Electrical grid", "s": "Interconnected network delivering electricity from producers to consumers."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/tropical-cyclone/": {"t": "Tropical cyclone", "s": "A rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, strong winds, and spiral thunderstorms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/tropical-cyclone.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/thunderstorm/": {"t": "Thunderstorm", "s": "A storm characterized by lightning and thunder, forming in cumulonimbus clouds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/thunderstorm.webp", "c": "Rubbish computer · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/earth-s-rotation/": {"t": "Earth's rotation", "s": "Earth spins eastward, slowing over time but recently accelerating."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/plasma-physics/": {"t": "Plasma (physics)", "s": "Plasma is the fourth state of matter, consisting of ionized gas."}, "https://codexery.com/climate/e/climate/atmosphere-of-earth/": {"t": "Atmosphere of Earth", "s": "The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, essential for life and climate."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "Northern Hemisphere: most populous, land-rich half of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/global-positioning-system/": {"t": "Global Positioning System", "s": "A satellite navigation system providing global positioning and timing."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/radar/": {"t": "Radar", "s": "Radio waves detect and track objects by reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/space-debris/e/space-debris/space-debris/": {"t": "Space debris", "s": "Defunct human-made objects in Earth orbit posing collision risks."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/high-frequency/": {"t": "High frequency", "s": "HF enables long-distance radio communication via ionospheric skywave propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/communications-blackout/": {"t": "Communications blackout", "s": "A loss of communications capability due to power, ionospheric, or atmospheric causes."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-charge/": {"t": "Electric charge", "s": "Electric charge is a quantized property causing electromagnetic force."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/geosynchronous-orbit/": {"t": "Geosynchronous orbit", "s": "An Earth orbit synchronized with the planet's rotation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/geosynchronous-orbit.webp", "c": "MikeRun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/solar-dynamics-observatory/": {"t": "Solar Dynamics Observatory", "s": "NASA mission observing the Sun since 2010."}, "https://codexery.com/whisky/e/world-of-whisky/the-angels-share/": {"t": "The angels' share", "s": "Evaporative loss of alcohol and water from aging barrels."}}