{"/e/soviet-missions-to-the-moon/lunokhod-1/": {"t": "Lunokhod 1", "s": "First robotic rover on the Moon, operated for 321 days."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-the-soviet-union/e/space-program-of-the-soviet-union/soviet-space-program/": {"t": "Soviet space program", "s": "State space program of the Soviet Union, 1951–1991."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-the-moon/e/exploration-of-the-moon/moon-landing/": {"t": "Moon landing", "s": "Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon, first achieved in 1959."}, "https://codexery.com/moon-missions/e/moon-missions/lunokhod-2/": {"t": "Lunokhod 2", "s": "Second Soviet uncrewed lunar rover, deployed in January 1973."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/zond-program/": {"t": "Zond program", "s": "Soviet robotic spacecraft series for planetary and circumlunar missions."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/luna-programme/": {"t": "Luna programme", "s": "Soviet robotic lunar missions achieving many firsts in space exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet/e/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet-union/n1-l3/": {"t": "N1-L3", "s": "Soviet super-heavy rocket for crewed lunar landing."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/apollo-program/": {"t": "Apollo program", "s": "The United States human spaceflight program that landed the first humans on the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet/e/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet-union/proton-k/": {"t": "Proton-K", "s": "Soviet heavy-lift rocket used for space stations and interplanetary probes."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-the-moon/e/exploration-of-the-moon/zvezda-moonbase/": {"t": "Zvezda (moonbase)", "s": "Soviet plan for a crewed moonbase, canceled in 1974."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-the-moon/e/exploration-of-the-moon/colonization-of-the-moon/": {"t": "Colonization of the Moon", "s": "Concept for human and robotic presence on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-the-moon/img/exploration-of-the-moon/colonization-of-the-moon.webp", "c": "NASA/Moon2Mars · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/moon-missions/e/moon-missions/lk-spacecraft/": {"t": "LK (spacecraft)", "s": "Soviet lunar lander developed for crewed Moon missions."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-the-moon/e/exploration-of-the-moon/exploration-of-the-moon/": {"t": "Exploration of the Moon", "s": "Lunar exploration evolved from telescopic observation to robotic and crewed missions."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-the-soviet-union/e/space-program-of-the-soviet-union/pluton-complex/": {"t": "Pluton (complex)", "s": "Soviet deep space communications and planetary radar complex in Crimea."}, "https://codexery.com/armenian-inventors/e/armenian-inventors/alexander-kemurdzhian/": {"t": "Alexander Kemurdzhian", "s": "Soviet engineer who designed the first planetary rover chassis."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-battery/": {"t": "Electric battery", "s": "Device converting chemical energy to electrical power via cells."}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/sample-return-mission/": {"t": "Sample-return mission", "s": "Spacecraft missions that collect and return extraterrestrial samples to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/luna-17/": {"t": "Luna 17", "s": "First robotic rover deployed on the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/lunar-craters/e/lunar-craters/mare-imbrium/": {"t": "Mare Imbrium", "s": "A large lunar mare formed by a protoplanet impact."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/x-ray-spectroscopy/": {"t": "X-ray spectroscopy", "s": "Techniques for material analysis using X-ray radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/solar-telescopes/e/solar-telescopes/x-ray-telescope/": {"t": "X-ray telescope", "s": "X-ray telescopes observe high-energy celestial sources from above Earth's atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/james-bond/e/factions/kgb/": {"t": "KGB", "s": "The iron fist of the East, forever locked in a deadly dance with the West.", "i": "https://codexery.com/james-bond/img/factions/kgb.webp", "c": "jgaray · via Wikipedia: KGB · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/luna-21/": {"t": "Luna 21", "s": "Soviet lunar lander that deployed the Lunokhod 2 rover."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/slow-scan-television/": {"t": "Slow-scan television", "s": "Narrowband still picture transmission for amateur radio."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/photometer/": {"t": "Photometer", "s": "Instrument for measuring light quantities like luminous flux.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/photometer.webp", "c": "NASA Johnson Space Center · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/metre/": {"t": "Metre", "s": "Base SI unit of length, defined by light in vacuum."}, "https://codexery.com/ultima/e/ultima/richard-garriott/": {"t": "Richard Garriott", "s": "Creator of Ultima and second-generation space traveler.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ultima/img/ultima/richard-garriott.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Garriott · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/open-world-video-games/e/open-world-video-games/ultima-series/": {"t": "Ultima (series)", "s": "A foundational series that shaped computer role-playing games."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-moon/e/missions-to-the-moon/lunar-lander/": {"t": "Lunar lander", "s": "Spacecraft designed to land on the Moon's surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-moon/img/missions-to-the-moon/lunar-lander.webp", "c": "Neil Armstrong · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet/e/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet-union/molniya-m/": {"t": "Molniya-M", "s": "Soviet and Russian R-7-derived launch vehicle for planetary and satellite missions."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/low-earth-orbit/": {"t": "Low Earth orbit", "s": "Low Earth orbit hosts most artificial satellites and space stations."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/luna-4/": {"t": "Luna 4", "s": "Soviet lunar soft-lander that missed the Moon in 1963."}, "https://codexery.com/lunar-craters/e/lunar-craters/copernicus-lunar-crater/": {"t": "Copernicus (lunar crater)", "s": "A prominent lunar crater with a central mountain and ray system."}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/luna-2/": {"t": "Luna 2", "s": "First spacecraft to touch the lunar surface."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/heliocentric-orbit/": {"t": "Heliocentric orbit", "s": "An orbit around the Sun, followed by planets, comets, asteroids, and many artificial probes."}, "https://codexery.com/lunar-craters/e/lunar-craters/aristarchus-crater/": {"t": "Aristarchus (crater)", "s": "Brightest large formation on the lunar near side."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/jodrell-bank-observatory/": {"t": "Jodrell Bank Observatory", "s": "Radio astronomy pioneer and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmic-ray/": {"t": "Cosmic ray", "s": "High-energy particles from space, discovered via balloon flights in 1912.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/cosmic-ray.webp", "c": "Vahram Mekhitarian · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/luna-9/": {"t": "Luna 9", "s": "First spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon and return surface images."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/surveyor-1/": {"t": "Surveyor 1", "s": "First American spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon."}, "/e/soviet-missions-to-the-moon/luna-12/": {"t": "Luna 12", "s": "Soviet lunar orbiter that returned high-resolution surface photographs."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/luna-10/": {"t": "Luna 10", "s": "First artificial satellite of the Moon, launched by the Soviet Union."}, "/e/soviet-missions-to-the-moon/luna-19/": {"t": "Luna 19", "s": "First advanced lunar orbiter based on the Ye-8-class bus."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/magnetic-field/": {"t": "Magnetic field", "s": "A vector field quantifying magnetic influence at a given location."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-field/": {"t": "Gravitational field", "s": "A vector field explaining gravitational influences around a body.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-field.webp", "c": "MikeRun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteoroids/e/meteoroids/micrometeorite/": {"t": "Micrometeorite", "s": "Micrometeorites are tiny extraterrestrial particles that survive atmospheric entry."}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/luna-24/": {"t": "Luna 24", "s": "Last Soviet lunar sample return mission until China's Chang'e 5 in 2020"}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/luna-16/": {"t": "Luna 16", "s": "First robotic probe to return lunar soil to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/luna-20/": {"t": "Luna 20", "s": "Second successful Soviet lunar sample return mission, returning 55 grams of highlands soil."}, "https://codexery.com/commander-shepard/e/commander-shepard/mass-effect/": {"t": "Mass Effect", "s": "A 2007 action RPG launching the Mass Effect trilogy."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "/e/soviet-missions-to-the-moon/lunokhod-programme/": {"t": "Lunokhod programme", "s": "Soviet robotic lunar rovers for remote-controlled surface exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/sputnik-1/": {"t": "Sputnik 1", "s": "Sputnik 1, meaning \"Satellite-One\" in Russian, was the first artificial Earth satellite."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/soyuz-7k-l1/": {"t": "Soyuz 7K-L1", "s": "Soviet circumlunar spacecraft for crewed Moon flybys."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-biology/": {"t": "Cell (biology)", "s": "The fundamental unit of all known life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-biology.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/green-algae/": {"t": "Green algae", "s": "Green algae are the photosynthetic ancestors of all land plants."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/extremophile/": {"t": "Extremophile", "s": "Organisms that thrive in extreme environments on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbiology/img/microbiology/extremophile.webp", "c": "Justin Meissen from St Paul, United States · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/space-race/": {"t": "Space Race", "s": "Cold War competition for spaceflight supremacy between the US and USSR."}, "https://codexery.com/space-programme-of-the-united-kingdom/e/space-programme-of-the-united-kingdom/british-interplanetary-society/": {"t": "British Interplanetary Society", "s": "From imagination to reality since 1933."}, "https://codexery.com/forensic-pathology/e/forensic-pathology/dissection/": {"t": "Dissection", "s": "Dissection is the cutting of a body to study its structure."}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/apollo-8/": {"t": "Apollo 8", "s": "First crewed mission to reach the Moon", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/apollo-8.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author or not provided · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/apollo-17/": {"t": "Apollo 17", "s": "Final Apollo Moon landing, with the only geologist to walk on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/apollo-17.webp", "c": "NASA on The Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moscow-oblast/": {"t": "Moscow Oblast", "s": "A densely populated, highly industrialized federal subject of Russia, surrounding but not including the federal city of Moscow."}, "/e/soviet-missions-to-the-moon/zond-5/": {"t": "Zond 5", "s": "First circumlunar mission to return animals safely to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet/e/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet-union/proton-rocket-family/": {"t": "Proton (rocket family)", "s": "Soviet/Russian hypergolic heavy-lift launch vehicle family."}, "https://codexery.com/moon-missions/e/moon-missions/zond-6/": {"t": "Zond 6", "s": "Soviet lunar flyby precursor that crashed on return."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-program/e/apollo-program/boost-glide/": {"t": "Boost-glide", "s": "Lift-based trajectory extending range and reducing reentry heating."}, "https://codexery.com/scottish-inventions/e/scottish-inventions/color-photography/": {"t": "Color photography", "s": "Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell proposed the three-color method in 1855."}}