[{"n": "5.45×39mm", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/5-45-39mm/", "s": "The Soviet 5.45×39 mm cartridge: a lightweight, high-velocity intermediate round introduced in 1974 with the A"}, {"n": "7.62×25mm Tokarev", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/7-62-25mm-tokarev/", "s": "The Soviet rimless bottleneck pistol cartridge derived from the 7.63×25mm Mauser."}, {"n": "7.62×39mm", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/7-62-39mm/", "s": "The 7.62×39 mm round is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge of Soviet origin, widely used due to the"}, {"n": "9×18mm Makarov", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/9-18mm-makarov/", "s": "The Soviet sidearm staple: compact power with unique dimensions."}, {"n": "9×39mm", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/9-39mm/", "s": "A Soviet subsonic rifle cartridge designed for stealth and penetration."}, {"n": "9×53mmR", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/9-53mmr/", "s": "Soviet hunting cartridge necked up from 7.62×54mmR."}, {"n": "12.7 × 108 mm", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/12-7-108-mm/", "s": "Soviet-era heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge developed in the late 1930s for the DShK"}, {"n": "14.5 × 114 mm", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/14-5-114-mm/", "s": "A heavy cartridge originally for anti-tank rifles, later for machine guns."}, {"n": "40HNU-VI", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/40hnu-vi/", "s": "A non-magnetic, neutron-transparent alloy for cryogenic high-pressure cells."}, {"n": "1801 series CPU", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/1801-series-cpu/", "s": "Soviet 16-bit microprocessors compatible with DEC PDP-11."}, {"n": "Abalakov thread", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/abalakov-thread/", "s": "Ice protection technique invented by Soviet climber Vitaly Abalakov."}, {"n": "Active protection system", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/active-protection-system/", "s": "System that actively prevents anti-tank weapons from destroying a vehicle."}, {"n": "Aerobatics", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/aerobatics/", "s": "Aerobatics is the practice of flying maneuvers not used in passenger flights."}, {"n": "Aerosledge", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/aerosledge/", "s": "Propeller-driven sledges used for transport and combat in deep snow."}, {"n": "Aerowagon", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/aerowagon/", "s": "Experimental Soviet propeller railcar that crashed, killing its inventor."}, {"n": "Affine scaling", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/affine-scaling/", "s": "Interior point method for linear programming, discovered twice."}, {"n": "Air ioniser", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/air-ioniser/", "s": "Device that ionises air to remove particles and static."}, {"n": "AK-630", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/ak-630/", "s": "Soviet and Russian naval close-in weapon system with six 30 mm barrels."}, {"n": "Alpha (navigation)", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/alpha-navigation/", "s": "Russian VLF navigation system for aircraft, ships, and submarines."}, {"n": "Altai (mobile telephone system)", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/altai-mobile-telephone-system/", "s": "Soviet pre-cellular 0G radiotelephone system introduced in 1963."}, {"n": "Ammonium dinitramide", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/ammonium-dinitramide/", "s": "Halogen-free solid rocket oxidizer with high specific impulse."}, {"n": "Anthrax vaccine", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/anthrax-vaccine/", "s": "Vaccines against anthrax, from Pasteur to modern biological warfare protection."}, {"n": "Anti-ballistic missile", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/anti-ballistic-missile/", "s": "Surface-to-air missiles designed to destroy ballistic missiles in flight."}, {"n": "APS underwater rifle", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/aps-underwater-rifle/", "s": "Soviet underwater assault rifle firing a long steel bolt from a rifled barrel."}, {"n": "Arabinopyranosyl-N-methyl-N-nitrosourea", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/arabinopyranosyl-n-methyl-n-nitrosourea/", "s": "Soviet-developed alkylating nitrosourea for melanoma treatment."}, {"n": "Arktika-class icebreaker", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/arktika-class-icebreaker/", "s": "World's largest nuclear icebreakers until 2016; first surface ship to North Pole."}, {"n": "AVL tree", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/avl-tree/", "s": "First self-balancing binary search tree data structure."}, {"n": "BARS apparatus", "u": "/e/soviet-inventions/bars-apparatus/", "s": "Soviet high-pressure apparatus for synthetic diamond growth."}]