{"https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/ak-74/": {"t": "AK-74", "s": "Soviet assault rifle chambered for the 5.45×39mm cartridge."}, "/e/soviet-inventions/7-62-39mm/": {"t": "7.62×39mm", "s": "The 7.62×39 mm round is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge of Soviet origin, widely used due to the global proliferation of the AK-47 and related fir"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lead/": {"t": "Lead", "s": "Heavy metal with stable isotopes and historical industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/drag-physics/": {"t": "Drag (physics)", "s": "A force opposing motion through a fluid, dependent on velocity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/drag-physics.webp", "c": "Nubifer // Wiki LIC (Spanish translation) · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/non-timber-forest-products/e/non-timber-forest-products/lacquer/": {"t": "Lacquer", "s": "A hard coating from tree sap or synthetic polymers, used since antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/remington-winchester-and-colt-firearms/e/remington-winchester-and-colt-firearms/m16-rifle/": {"t": "M16 rifle", "s": "The M16 is the most-produced 5.56mm firearm in history."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/akm/": {"t": "AKM", "s": "Lighter, stamped-receiver successor to the AK-47."}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/soviet-afghan-war/": {"t": "Soviet–Afghan War", "s": "Decade-long conflict that contributed to the Soviet Union's dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/gangrene/": {"t": "Gangrene", "s": "Tissue death from lack of blood supply, often requiring surgical removal."}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/russo-ukrainian-war/": {"t": "Russo-Ukrainian war", "s": "The Russo-Ukrainian war is an ongoing conflict that began in February 2014."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/ssg-82/": {"t": "SSG 82", "s": "East German Stasi sniper rifle chambered in 5.45×39mm.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/img/bolt-action-rifles/ssg-82.webp", "c": "Horzhenung Tadiae Sotaod · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/bolt-action/": {"t": "Bolt action", "s": "Manual firearm action operated by a turn-bolt handle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/img/bolt-action-rifles/bolt-action.webp", "c": "MagHoxpox · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/kalashnikov-izhevsk-and-tula-firearms/e/kalashnikov-izhevsk-and-tula-firearms/saiga-semi-automatic-rifle/": {"t": "Saiga semi-automatic rifle", "s": "Russian sport version of the Kalashnikov rifle for civilian use."}, "/e/soviet-inventions/9-18mm-makarov/": {"t": "9×18mm Makarov", "s": "The Soviet sidearm staple: compact power with unique dimensions."}, "https://codexery.com/fn-heckler-koch-sig-and-mauser-firearms/e/fn-heckler-and-koch-sig-and-mauser-firearms/mauser-c96/": {"t": "Mauser C96", "s": "A distinctive semi-automatic pistol with a box magazine and broomhandle grip."}, "https://codexery.com/revolvers/e/revolvers/nagant-m1895/": {"t": "Nagant M1895", "s": "A seven-shot gas-seal revolver designed for the Russian Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/ppd-40/": {"t": "PPD-40", "s": "Soviet submachine gun replaced by the cheaper PPSh-41."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/kevlar/": {"t": "Kevlar", "s": "Synthetic fiber five times stronger than steel."}, "https://codexery.com/kalashnikov-izhevsk-and-tula-firearms/e/kalashnikov-izhevsk-and-tula-firearms/tt-pistol/": {"t": "TT pistol", "s": "Soviet semi-automatic pistol, widely copied and used globally."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/ppsh-41/": {"t": "PPSh-41", "s": "A stamped-steel Soviet submachine gun used extensively in WWII and Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/pps-submachine-gun/": {"t": "PPS submachine gun", "s": "A low-cost Soviet submachine gun designed for mass production."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/pp-19-bizon/": {"t": "PP-19 Bizon", "s": "A compact Russian submachine gun with a helical magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/vietnamese-independence-movement/e/vietnamese-independence-movement/viet-minh/": {"t": "Viet Minh", "s": "Communist-led coalition that proclaimed Vietnamese independence in 1945.", "i": "https://codexery.com/vietnamese-independence-movement/img/vietnamese-independence-movement/viet-minh.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Viet Minh · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/mat-49/": {"t": "MAT-49", "s": "French submachine gun adopted in 1949, used until 1979."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/sa-23/": {"t": "Sa 23", "s": "Czechoslovak submachine gun that inspired the Uzi."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/m49-submachine-gun/": {"t": "M49 submachine gun", "s": "Yugoslavian select-fire submachine gun with a one-piece tube receiver."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/m56-submachine-gun/": {"t": "M56 submachine gun", "s": "Yugoslavian MP 40 derivative chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/ak-47/": {"t": "AK-47", "s": "The originating firearm of the Kalashnikov family of rifles."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/kalashnikov-rifle/": {"t": "Kalashnikov rifle", "s": "The most widely produced assault rifle family in history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/img/assault-rifles/kalashnikov-rifle.webp", "c": "Vitaly V. Kuzmin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/sks/": {"t": "SKS", "s": "Soviet semi-automatic carbine, widely exported and used by insurgent forces.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/img/battle-rifles-and-carbines/sks.webp", "c": "Stephen Z · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/rpd-machine-gun/": {"t": "RPD machine gun", "s": "Soviet belt-fed light machine gun for the 7.62×39mm cartridge."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/rpk/": {"t": "RPK", "s": "Soviet squad automatic weapon developed alongside the AKM."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "/e/soviet-inventions/5-45-39mm/": {"t": "5.45×39mm", "s": "The Soviet 5.45×39 mm cartridge: a lightweight, high-velocity intermediate round introduced in 1974 with the AK-74."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/ak-12/": {"t": "AK-12", "s": "Russian fifth-generation assault rifle adopted after Ratnik trials.", "i": "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/img/assault-rifles/ak-12.webp", "c": "Vitaly V. Kuzmin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/light-machine-gun/": {"t": "Light machine gun", "s": "A portable machine gun for one soldier, providing squad suppressive fire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/light-machine-gun.webp", "c": "Joost J. Bakker from IJmuiden · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/9-19mm-parabellum/": {"t": "9×19mm Parabellum", "s": "The most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge worldwide."}, "/e/soviet-inventions/7-62-25mm-tokarev/": {"t": "7.62×25mm Tokarev", "s": "The Soviet rimless bottleneck pistol cartridge derived from the 7.63×25mm Mauser."}, "https://codexery.com/kalashnikov-izhevsk-and-tula-firearms/e/kalashnikov-izhevsk-and-tula-firearms/makarov-pistol/": {"t": "Makarov pistol", "s": "Standard Soviet service pistol adopted in 1951."}, "https://codexery.com/shotguns/e/shotguns/combination-gun/": {"t": "Combination gun", "s": "A versatile firearm combining rifled and smoothbore barrels for varied game.", "i": "https://codexery.com/shotguns/img/shotguns/combination-gun.webp", "c": "Stanley Howe · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/shotguns/e/shotguns/toz-55/": {"t": "TOZ-55", "s": "Soviet over-and-under combination gun for big-game hunting."}, "https://codexery.com/shotguns/e/shotguns/mts-7/": {"t": "MTs 7", "s": "Soviet over-and-under custom shotgun family, among the most expensive hunting firearms."}, "https://codexery.com/shotguns/e/shotguns/mts-30/": {"t": "MTs 30", "s": "Soviet custom three-barrelled combination gun family."}, "https://codexery.com/shotguns/e/shotguns/mts-110/": {"t": "MTs 110", "s": "Soviet custom double-barreled hunting shotguns and rifles."}, "https://codexery.com/shotguns/e/shotguns/toz-84/": {"t": "TOZ-84", "s": "Soviet hammerless over-and-under shotgun from the 1980s."}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/ko-8-2-hunting-rifle/": {"t": "KO-8,2 (hunting rifle)", "s": "Soviet hunting carbine converted from the M1891/30 military rifle."}, "/e/soviet-inventions/alpha-navigation/": {"t": "Alpha (navigation)", "s": "Russian VLF navigation system for aircraft, ships, and submarines."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/heavy-machine-gun/": {"t": "Heavy machine gun", "s": "A class of machine guns too heavy to be man-portable.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/heavy-machine-gun.webp", "c": "Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/sniper-rifles/e/sniper-rifles/anti-materiel-rifle/": {"t": "Anti-materiel rifle", "s": "A rifle designed to disable military equipment from long range.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sniper-rifles/img/sniper-rifles/anti-materiel-rifle.webp", "c": "TruncateVirus99 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/13-2-92mmsr/": {"t": "13.2×92mmSR", "s": "First cartridge designed solely for destroying armored targets."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/litre/": {"t": "Litre", "s": "Metric unit of volume, equal to one cubic decimetre."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/kpv-heavy-machine-gun/": {"t": "KPV heavy machine gun", "s": "Soviet 14.5mm heavy machine gun, powerful against armor and aircraft."}, "https://codexery.com/sniper-rifles/e/sniper-rifles/sniper-rifle/": {"t": "Sniper rifle", "s": "A high-precision, long-range rifle for military and law enforcement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sniper-rifles/img/sniper-rifles/sniper-rifle.webp", "c": "Charles Rosemond · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ar-15-style-rifles-and-dmrs/e/ar-15-style-rifles-and-dmrs/semi-automatic-rifle/": {"t": "Semi-automatic rifle", "s": "Self-loading rifle firing one round per trigger pull."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/precipitation-hardening/": {"t": "Precipitation hardening", "s": "A heat treatment technique that increases yield strength by forming fine precipitate particles that impede dislocation motion."}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/neutron-scattering/": {"t": "Neutron scattering", "s": "Technique using neutron dispersal to probe matter."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cyrillic-script/": {"t": "Cyrillic script", "s": "Third official script of the European Union.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/cyrillic-script.webp", "c": "Crissov , Gojdo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/cubic-crystal-system/": {"t": "Cubic crystal system", "s": "A crystal system with a cubic unit cell, common in minerals and metals."}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/x-ray-diffraction/": {"t": "X-ray diffraction", "s": "Elastic scattering of X-rays by electrons produces diffraction patterns."}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/grain-boundary/": {"t": "Grain boundary", "s": "Interface between differently oriented crystallites in polycrystalline materials."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/superconductivity/": {"t": "Superconductivity", "s": "Phenomenon of zero electrical resistance and magnetic field expulsion."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/microprocessor/": {"t": "Microprocessor", "s": "A single-chip CPU that revolutionized computing through integration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/microprocessor.webp", "c": "Piotr433 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/microarchitecture/": {"t": "Microarchitecture", "s": "The implementation of an instruction set architecture in a processor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/microarchitecture.webp", "c": "NoahSPARC · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/demoscene/": {"t": "Demoscene", "s": "A computer art subculture focused on audiovisual demos."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/read-only-memory/": {"t": "Read-only memory", "s": "Non-volatile memory that cannot be electronically modified after manufacture."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/instruction-set-architecture/": {"t": "Instruction set architecture", "s": "An ISA is the fundamental abstraction ensuring binary compatibility across processor implementations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/instruction-set-architecture.webp", "c": "Eduardo Corpeño · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/intel-80286/": {"t": "Intel 80286", "s": "First x86 CPU with memory management and protected mode."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/radio-wave/": {"t": "Radio wave", "s": "Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/clutter-folding/": {"t": "Clutter folding", "s": "Clutter folding occurs when clutter range exceeds the PRF interval."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/airplane/": {"t": "Airplane", "s": "Fixed-wing aircraft propelled by thrust, from the Wright brothers to modern jets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/airplane.webp", "c": "SamKramer123 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/helicopter/": {"t": "Helicopter", "s": "A rotorcraft achieving vertical flight via horizontally spinning rotors."}, "https://codexery.com/aerobatic-and-racing-aircraft/e/aerobatic-and-racing-aircraft/air-racing/": {"t": "Air racing", "s": "A motorsport where aircraft race a fixed course for time or points."}, "https://codexery.com/kerbal-space-program/e/lore/g-force/": {"t": "G-force", "s": "Acceleration measured in multiples of gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/machine-gun/": {"t": "Machine gun", "s": "A fully automatic firearm for sustained direct fire support.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/machine-gun.webp", "c": "Nafis Fuad Ayon · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/gaz/": {"t": "GAZ", "s": "Russian automaker known for Volga cars and military vehicles."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/volgograd/": {"t": "Volgograd", "s": "City on the Volga, hero of Stalingrad."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/aircraft-engine/": {"t": "Aircraft engine", "s": "Power component of aircraft propulsion systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/aircraft-engine.webp", "c": "Hmvh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/e/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/valerian-abakovsky/": {"t": "Valerian Abakovsky", "s": "Soviet engineer who invented the Aerowagon and died in its crash."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leon-trotsky/": {"t": "Leon Trotsky", "s": "Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist."}, "https://codexery.com/moscow-kremlin/e/moscow-kremlin/kremlin-wall-necropolis/": {"t": "Kremlin Wall Necropolis", "s": "Soviet national cemetery beside the Kremlin Wall in Red Square.", "i": "https://codexery.com/moscow-kremlin/img/moscow-kremlin/kremlin-wall-necropolis.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kremlin Wall Necropolis · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematical-logic-and-computation/e/mathematical-logic-and-computation/algorithm/": {"t": "Algorithm", "s": "A finite sequence of logical instructions for solving problems."}, "https://codexery.com/complexity-theory/e/complexity-theory/time-complexity/": {"t": "Time complexity", "s": "A measure of algorithm running time as input size grows."}, "https://codexery.com/algorithms-and-data-structures/e/algorithms-and-data-structures/gradient-descent/": {"t": "Gradient descent", "s": "First-order iterative algorithm for minimizing differentiable multivariate functions."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/ionization/": {"t": "Ionization", "s": "Process by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons to become ions."}, "https://codexery.com/climate/e/climate/atmosphere-of-earth/": {"t": "Atmosphere of Earth", "s": "The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, essential for life and climate."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/molecule/": {"t": "Molecule", "s": "Group of atoms bonded together; fundamental unit of chemical compounds."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/national-health-service/": {"t": "National Health Service", "s": "Four publicly funded healthcare systems serving the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/influenza/": {"t": "Influenza", "s": "A viral respiratory disease causing seasonal epidemics and pandemics."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/toothbrush/": {"t": "Toothbrush", "s": "A handheld tool for cleaning teeth, gums, and tongue."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/refrigerator/": {"t": "Refrigerator", "s": "A thermally insulated appliance that cools food below ambient temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/ozone/": {"t": "Ozone", "s": "A pale-blue gas that protects and pollutes the atmosphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/img/chemical-substances-and-materials/ozone.webp", "c": "Mdemyer · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/formaldehyde/": {"t": "Formaldehyde", "s": "Simplest aldehyde, key industrial chemical, and atmospheric pollutant."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/consumer-reports/": {"t": "Consumer Reports", "s": "Independent testing, advocacy, and consumer protection since 1936.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/consumer-reports.webp", "c": "Consumer Reports, Inc. · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-charge/": {"t": "Electric charge", "s": "Electric charge is a quantized property causing electromagnetic force."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/radar/": {"t": "Radar", "s": "Radio waves detect and track objects by reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/e/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/anti-ship-missile/": {"t": "Anti-ship missile", "s": "Guided munition designed to destroy or disable naval vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/armour-piercing-discarding-sabot/": {"t": "Armour-piercing discarding sabot", "s": "A sabot-based projectile that boosts armor penetration via higher velocity."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/novosibirsk/": {"t": "Novosibirsk", "s": "The largest city in Siberia, on the banks of the Ob River."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/phase-waves/": {"t": "Phase (waves)", "s": "Angle-like quantity representing the fraction of a cycle covered."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/voronezh/": {"t": "Voronezh", "s": "Russian city founded as a fort, later a key shipbuilding center."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/inorganic-compound/": {"t": "Inorganic compound", "s": "A chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, studied in inorganic chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-formula/": {"t": "Chemical formula", "s": "A notation showing atomic proportions in a compound.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-formula.webp", "c": "Dharmeshkumar Shah · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-chloride/": {"t": "Hydrogen chloride", "s": "A colorless gas forming hydrochloric acid with water."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/nitrocellulose/": {"t": "Nitrocellulose", "s": "Highly flammable compound used in explosives, photography, and lacquers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/img/chemical-substances-and-materials/nitrocellulose.webp", "c": "Aleksander Sobolewski · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/hydrogen-peroxide/": {"t": "Hydrogen peroxide", "s": "A reactive oxygen species used as an oxidizer and antiseptic."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitric-acid/": {"t": "Nitric acid", "s": "A highly corrosive mineral acid used in nitration and as a strong oxidizing agent."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/fractional-crystallization-chemistry/": {"t": "Fractional crystallization (chemistry)", "s": "Separation technique using liquid–solid phase change for high purity."}, "https://codexery.com/biological-warfare/e/biological-warfare/biological-warfare/": {"t": "Biological warfare", "s": "Use of biological agents to kill, harm, or incapacitate in war."}, "https://codexery.com/cutaneous-conditions/e/cutaneous-conditions/skin-condition/": {"t": "Skin condition", "s": "Medical conditions affecting the skin, nails, and related structures."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/louis-pasteur/": {"t": "Louis Pasteur", "s": "Father of bacteriology and pioneer of pasteurization", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/louis-pasteur.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Louis Pasteur · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/toulouse/": {"t": "Toulouse", "s": "The Pink City"}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/patent/": {"t": "Patent", "s": "A legal right excluding others from an invention for a limited time."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/smallpox/": {"t": "Smallpox", "s": "Eradicated viral disease that killed hundreds of millions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edward-jenner/": {"t": "Edward Jenner", "s": "English physician who created the first vaccine against smallpox.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/edward-jenner.webp", "c": "John Raphael Smith · via Wikipedia: Edward Jenner · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/vaccination/": {"t": "Vaccination", "s": "Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/common-infections-and-diseases/e/common-infections-and-diseases/cowpox/": {"t": "Cowpox", "s": "Cowpox is a zoonotic virus that led to the smallpox vaccine."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/rabies/": {"t": "Rabies", "s": "A viral brain infection that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/rabies.webp", "c": "Own Work · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/women-in-science/e/women-in-science/max-perutz/": {"t": "Max Perutz", "s": "Molecular biologist who solved haemoglobin's structure."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/e/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/ballistic-missile/": {"t": "Ballistic missile", "s": "A rocket-powered projectile following a ballistic trajectory."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/organization-for-security-and-co-operation-in-europe/": {"t": "Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe", "s": "A regional security organization promoting human rights, arms control, and democratic elections across Europe, North America, and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/img/international-and-comparative-law/organization-for-security-and-co-operation-in-europe.webp", "c": "Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - security-oriented intergo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/odisha/": {"t": "Odisha", "s": "The Land of Kalinga and Utkaḷa"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/new-delhi/": {"t": "New Delhi", "s": "The capital city of India, seat of government, and a planned city within the National Capital Territory of Delhi."}, "https://codexery.com/uav-manufacturers/e/uav-manufacturers/lockheed-martin/": {"t": "Lockheed Martin", "s": "Top U.S. federal contractor since at least 2008."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/weapon-designers/e/weapon-designers/gerald-bull/": {"t": "Gerald Bull", "s": "Canadian engineer who designed a supergun for Iraq.", "i": "https://codexery.com/weapon-designers/img/weapon-designers/gerald-bull.webp", "c": "Gerald England · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/assault-rifle/": {"t": "Assault rifle", "s": "A select-fire rifle using an intermediate cartridge and detachable magazine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/img/assault-rifles/assault-rifle.webp", "c": "Лапоть · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventions/e/russian-inventions/asm-dt-amphibious-rifle/": {"t": "ASM-DT amphibious rifle", "s": "Russian prototype dual-medium assault rifle for frogmen."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/teratogens/e/teratogens/n-nitroso-n-methylurea/": {"t": "N-Nitroso-N-methylurea", "s": "Alkylating agent; carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/apoptosis/": {"t": "Apoptosis", "s": "Programmed cell death: a regulated process essential for life and implicated in disease."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/eye/": {"t": "Eye", "s": "Sensory organ that detects light and enables vision."}, "https://codexery.com/teratogens/e/teratogens/dacarbazine/": {"t": "Dacarbazine", "s": "Chemotherapy drug for melanoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/e/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer/": {"t": "Lung cancer", "s": "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/img/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer.webp", "c": "Modificado de OpenStax College · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/pain/headache/": {"t": "Headache", "s": "Pain in the head, face, or neck; often benign but sometimes serious."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-sensations/e/symptoms-and-sensations/nausea/": {"t": "Nausea", "s": "A diffuse sensation of unease and urge to vomit."}, "https://codexery.com/vomiting/e/vomiting/vomiting/": {"t": "Vomiting", "s": "Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth or nose."}, "https://codexery.com/blood-disorders/e/blood-disorders/leukopenia/": {"t": "Leukopenia", "s": "A decrease in white blood cells raises infection risk."}, "https://codexery.com/blood-disorders/e/blood-disorders/neutropenia/": {"t": "Neutropenia", "s": "Low neutrophil count increases infection risk and can be life-threatening."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/anemia/": {"t": "Anemia", "s": "A blood disorder reducing oxygen transport, affecting billions worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-russia/": {"t": "Government of Russia", "s": "Highest federal executive body of the Russian Federation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-russia.webp", "c": "The Government Bank of the Russian Republic. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/north-pole/": {"t": "North Pole", "s": "Northernmost point on Earth, located in the Arctic Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/british-television-series-with-live/e/british-television-series-with-live-action-and-animation/dynamo/": {"t": "DynaMo", "s": "A BBC Learning Zone programme hosted by cartoon dog DynaMo."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/direct-current/": {"t": "Direct current", "s": "Direct current flows in one constant direction."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-science/": {"t": "Computer science", "s": "Study of computation, information, and automation spanning theory to application."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventors/e/russian-inventors/georgy-adelson-velsky/": {"t": "Georgy Adelson-Velsky", "s": "Soviet mathematician and computer scientist who co-invented the AVL tree."}, "https://codexery.com/algorithms-and-data-structures/e/algorithms-and-data-structures/binary-search-tree/": {"t": "Binary search tree", "s": "Binary search tree: ordered binary tree for fast lookup."}, "https://codexery.com/sets-and-logic/e/sets-and-logic/union-set-theory/": {"t": "Union (set theory)", "s": "Set operation combining all elements from given sets."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/parallel-computing/": {"t": "Parallel computing", "s": "Parallel computing enables simultaneous processing of divided tasks."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/transliteration/": {"t": "Transliteration", "s": "Mapping written forms between different scripts and writing systems."}}