[{"n": "Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/pierre-guillaume-fr-d-ric-le-play/", "s": "French engineer and sociologist who pioneered empirical family studies."}, {"n": "Robert D. Putnam", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/robert-d-putnam/", "s": "Political scientist who theorized social capital decline in America."}, {"n": "Robert E. Park", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/robert-e-park/", "s": "American urban sociologist who shaped early U.S. sociology."}, {"n": "Saskia Sassen", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/saskia-sassen/", "s": "Dutch-American sociologist known for coining the term 'global city' and analyzing globalization and migration."}, {"n": "Erving Goffman", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/erving-goffman/", "s": "Sociologist known for dramaturgical analysis of everyday life."}, {"n": "George Herbert Mead", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/george-herbert-mead/", "s": "American pragmatist and founder of symbolic interactionism."}, {"n": "Harold Lasswell", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/harold-lasswell/", "s": "Pioneer of political psychology, content analysis, and the policy sciences."}, {"n": "Herbert Spencer", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/herbert-spencer/", "s": "English polymath who coined 'survival of the fittest.'"}, {"n": "Paul Lazarsfeld", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/paul-lazarsfeld/", "s": "Founder of modern empirical sociology"}, {"n": "Peter Blau", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/peter-blau/", "s": "Sociologist who linked micro-level exchange to macro-level social structures."}, {"n": "Stanley Cohen (sociologist)", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/stanley-cohen-sociologist/", "s": "South African-British sociologist and criminologist known for moral panics and states of denial."}, {"n": "C. Wright Mills", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/c-wright-mills/", "s": "American sociologist who popularized the term 'New Left' and wrote The Power Elite and The Sociological Imagin"}, {"n": "Immanuel Wallerstein", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/immanuel-wallerstein/", "s": "American sociologist and world-systems theorist"}, {"n": "Karl Mannheim", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/karl-mannheim/", "s": "Hungarian sociologist and founder of the sociology of knowledge"}, {"n": "Max Weber", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/max-weber/", "s": "German sociologist and key figure in the development of social sciences."}, {"n": "Michel Foucault", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/michel-foucault/", "s": "French philosopher who analyzed power, knowledge, and social control."}, {"n": "Noam Chomsky", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/noam-chomsky/", "s": "Father of modern linguistics and influential political activist."}, {"n": "Raymond Williams", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/raymond-williams/", "s": "Welsh socialist writer and cultural theorist who founded cultural materialism."}, {"n": "Seymour Martin Lipset", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/seymour-martin-lipset/", "s": "Leading theorist of democracy and American exceptionalism"}, {"n": "Talcott Parsons", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/talcott-parsons/", "s": "American sociologist known for social action theory and structural functionalism"}, {"n": "Vilfredo Pareto", "u": "/e/social-scientists-and-sociologists/vilfredo-pareto/", "s": "Italian polymath who pioneered Pareto efficiency, the Pareto distribution, and elite theory."}]