{"/e/single-board-computers/ampro/": {"t": "Ampro", "s": "American embedded systems pioneer and creator of PC/104."}, "/e/single-board-computers/beagleboard/": {"t": "BeagleBoard", "s": "Open-source single-board computer for education and development."}, "/e/single-board-computers/chip-computer/": {"t": "CHIP (computer)", "s": "The world's first $9 open-source single-board computer."}, "/e/single-board-computers/lattepanda/": {"t": "LattePanda", "s": "x86 single-board computer running Windows or Linux."}, "/e/single-board-computers/orange-pi/": {"t": "Orange Pi", "s": "Cost-effective single-board computers competing with Raspberry Pi."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/printed-circuit-board/": {"t": "Printed circuit board", "s": "Laminated board connecting electronic components via etched copper traces."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/microprocessor/": {"t": "Microprocessor", "s": "A single-chip CPU that revolutionized computing through integration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/microprocessor.webp", "c": "Piotr433 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/personal-computer/": {"t": "Personal computer", "s": "The definitive guide to personal computers, from early microcomputers to modern Wintel dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/expansion-card/": {"t": "Expansion card", "s": "A printed circuit board adding functionality via an expansion slot."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/intel/": {"t": "Intel", "s": "A key architect of the personal computer revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/intel-8008/": {"t": "Intel 8008", "s": "An early 8-bit microprocessor that powered the first personal computers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/img/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/intel-8008.webp", "c": "Appaloosa · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/acorn-electron/": {"t": "Acorn Electron", "s": "Lower-cost alternative to the BBC Micro."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/bbc-micro/": {"t": "BBC Micro", "s": "Acorn's BBC Micro brought computing to British schools."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/nascom/": {"t": "Nascom", "s": "UK single-board computer kits with full keyboard and video."}, "https://codexery.com/compact-disc/e/compact-disc/cd-rom/": {"t": "CD-ROM", "s": "Read-only optical disc for computer data distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/e/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/sound-blaster/": {"t": "Sound Blaster", "s": "The de facto standard for PC audio before Windows 95."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/random-access-memory/": {"t": "Random-access memory", "s": "Electronic memory readable and writable in any order."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/integrated-circuit/": {"t": "Integrated circuit", "s": "Compact electronic circuits on a semiconductor chip revolutionized modern technology."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/multiprocessor-system-on-a-chip/": {"t": "Multiprocessor system on a chip", "s": "An SoC integrating multiple processor cores for parallel computing."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/raspberry-pi/": {"t": "Raspberry Pi", "s": "Low-cost single-board computers for education and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/linux/": {"t": "Linux", "s": "Free and open-source Unix-like operating system family."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/gambling/": {"t": "Gambling", "s": "Wagering value on random events, regulated globally."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/automation/": {"t": "Automation", "s": "Technologies that reduce human intervention in processes via feedback control."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/e/computer-storage/disk-storage/": {"t": "Disk storage", "s": "Rotating-disk data storage using magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/19-inch-rack/": {"t": "19-inch rack", "s": "The standardized frame for mounting electronic equipment, established by AT&T around 1922."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-france/e/space-program-of-france/ariane-rocket-family/": {"t": "Ariane (rocket family)", "s": "European civilian expendable launch vehicle family developed since 1973."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/space-shuttle/": {"t": "Space Shuttle", "s": "Partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/economies-of-scale/": {"t": "Economies of scale", "s": "Cost advantages obtained by enterprises due to their scale of operation."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/e/computer-storage/hard-disk-drive/": {"t": "Hard disk drive", "s": "Electro-mechanical magnetic storage device with rotating platters and moving heads."}, "/e/single-board-computers/single-board-computer/": {"t": "Single-board computer", "s": "Complete computer on a single circuit board."}, "/e/single-board-computers/android-mini-pc-mk802/": {"t": "Android Mini PC MK802", "s": "A thumb-sized PC-on-a-stick from Rikomagic."}, "/e/single-board-computers/cotton-candy-single-board-computer/": {"t": "Cotton Candy (single-board computer)", "s": "A USB-stick-sized computer from a Norwegian startup."}, "/e/single-board-computers/intel-compute-stick/": {"t": "Intel Compute Stick", "s": "A stick PC for media centers and light computing."}, "https://codexery.com/display-standards/e/display-standards/hdmi/": {"t": "HDMI", "s": "Proprietary digital interface for high-quality audio and video transmission.", "i": "https://codexery.com/display-standards/img/display-standards/hdmi.webp", "c": "Vcengic · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/e/computer-mice-and-monitors/computer-monitor/": {"t": "Computer monitor", "s": "An output device displaying pictorial or textual information from a computer."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-ce/": {"t": "Windows CE", "s": "Component-based real-time OS for embedded and mobile devices."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/android-operating-system/": {"t": "Android (operating system)", "s": "The world's most widely used operating system, powering billions of devices."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-science/": {"t": "Computer science", "s": "Study of computation, information, and automation spanning theory to application."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/computer-engineering/": {"t": "Computer engineering", "s": "Engineering branch specializing in computer hardware and software integration."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/teleprinter/": {"t": "Teleprinter", "s": "Electromechanical device for typed message transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/porcelain/": {"t": "Porcelain", "s": "A high-fired ceramic prized for strength, whiteness, and translucence."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/read-only-memory/": {"t": "Read-only memory", "s": "Non-volatile memory that cannot be electronically modified after manufacture."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/intel-80186/": {"t": "Intel 80186", "s": "A 16-bit microprocessor with integrated peripherals for embedded systems."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/intel-80286/": {"t": "Intel 80286", "s": "First x86 CPU with memory management and protected mode."}, "/e/single-board-computers/stick-pc/": {"t": "Stick PC", "s": "A compact single-board computer that plugs directly into an HDMI port."}, "https://codexery.com/display-standards/e/display-standards/digital-visual-interface/": {"t": "Digital Visual Interface", "s": "Digital and analog video interface developed by the DDWG.", "i": "https://codexery.com/display-standards/img/display-standards/digital-visual-interface.webp", "c": "Dmitry Makeev · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/norwegian-inventions/e/norwegian-inventions/avr-microcontrollers/": {"t": "AVR microcontrollers", "s": "8-bit RISC microcontrollers with on-chip flash memory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/norwegian-inventions/img/norwegian-inventions/avr-microcontrollers.webp", "c": "Vahid alpha at English Wikipedia · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/c-programming-language/": {"t": "C (programming language)", "s": "The foundational systems programming language that powers operating systems, embedded systems, and more."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/digital-signal-processor/": {"t": "Digital signal processor", "s": "Specialized microprocessor for real-time digital signal processing."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/graphics-processing-unit/": {"t": "Graphics processing unit", "s": "Specialized circuit for graphics and parallel computation."}, "https://codexery.com/british-confectionery/e/british-confectionery/altoids/": {"t": "Altoids", "s": "The Original Celebrated Curiously Strong Mints."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/linux-kernel/": {"t": "Linux kernel", "s": "Free and open-source kernel powering billions of devices worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/arm-cortex-m/": {"t": "ARM Cortex-M", "s": "32-bit RISC cores for low-cost, energy-efficient embedded devices."}, "https://codexery.com/quadcopters-and-multirotor-drones/e/quadcopters-and-multirotor-drones/quadcopter/": {"t": "Quadcopter", "s": "A four-rotor aircraft made practical by modern drone technology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/quadcopters-and-multirotor-drones/img/quadcopters-and-multirotor-drones/quadcopter.webp", "c": "Mais Jamal, Youshaa Murhij, Zain Alabiden Ali · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/3d-printing/e/3d-printing/3d-printing/": {"t": "3D printing", "s": "Additive manufacturing builds objects layer by layer from digital models."}, "https://codexery.com/entertainment-news-shows-in-the-united/e/entertainment-news-shows-in-the-united-states/usa-today/": {"t": "USA Today", "s": "A national newspaper known for its colorful, concise design."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-washington-post/": {"t": "The Washington Post", "s": "American daily newspaper and newspaper of record."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/fortune-magazine/": {"t": "Fortune (magazine)", "s": "The Ideal Super-Class Magazine"}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/github/": {"t": "GitHub", "s": "World's largest source code host, acquired by Microsoft in 2018."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/samsung/": {"t": "Samsung", "s": "South Korean conglomerate and global leader in electronics and shipbuilding."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/mali-processor/": {"t": "Mali (processor)", "s": "Arm's Mali GPU IP cores for mobile and embedded graphics."}, "https://codexery.com/mpeg-4/e/mpeg-4/advanced-video-coding/": {"t": "Advanced Video Coding", "s": "The most widely used video compression standard worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mpeg-4/img/mpeg-4/advanced-video-coding.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Advanced Video Coding · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fairy-tale-stock-characters/e/fairy-tale-stock-characters/gnome/": {"t": "Gnome", "s": "Earth-dwelling spirit from Renaissance magic and mining lore."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/mali-400-mp/": {"t": "Mali-400 MP", "s": "First multi-core OpenGL ES 2.0 GPU from ARM Holdings."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/free-and-open-source-graphics-device-driver/": {"t": "Free and open-source graphics device driver", "s": "Free and open-source graphics drivers are primarily developed on and for Linux."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-types/e/battery-types/lithium-polymer-battery/": {"t": "Lithium polymer battery", "s": "A rechargeable battery using a solid or gel polymer electrolyte.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battery-types/img/battery-types/lithium-polymer-battery.webp", "c": "Rebirth10 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/vivante-corporation/": {"t": "Vivante Corporation", "s": "Fabless semiconductor company designing and licensing embedded GPU cores."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/operating-system/": {"t": "Operating system", "s": "The layer of software that manages a computer's resources for its users and their applications."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/multi-core-processor/": {"t": "Multi-core processor", "s": "A single-chip processor with multiple cores for parallel execution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/multi-core-processor.webp", "c": "NASA Kennedy Space Center / NASA/Kim Shiflett · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/bluetooth/": {"t": "Bluetooth", "s": "Short-range wireless standard uniting devices via radio waves."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/intel-atom/": {"t": "Intel Atom", "s": "Ultra-low-voltage x86 processors for netbooks, embedded, and IoT.", "i": "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/img/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/intel-atom.webp", "c": "Rico Shen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-computing/e/spatial-computing/wearable-computer/": {"t": "Wearable computer", "s": "A computing device worn on the body for various purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/intel-quark/": {"t": "Intel Quark", "s": "Intel's tiny x86 SoC for wearables and embedded systems."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/silvermont/": {"t": "Silvermont", "s": "First Atom microarchitecture with out-of-order execution on 22 nm."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/arduino/": {"t": "Arduino", "s": "Italian open-source platform for building interactive electronic devices."}, "https://codexery.com/python/e/python/python-programming-language/": {"t": "Python (programming language)", "s": "High-level, general-purpose language emphasizing readability and simplicity."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/microsoft/": {"t": "Microsoft", "s": "The largest software company by revenue and one of the most valuable brands globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/microsoft.webp", "c": "3aFW · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/microsoft-windows/": {"t": "Microsoft Windows", "s": "Proprietary operating system by Microsoft, dominant on desktops since the 1990s."}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/acpi/": {"t": "ACPI", "s": "Open standard for OS-directed power management and configuration."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/javascript/": {"t": "JavaScript", "s": "High-level, just-in-time compiled language for the Web."}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/stepper-motor/": {"t": "Stepper motor", "s": "A brushless DC motor that rotates in discrete angular steps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/img/electric-motors/stepper-motor.webp", "c": "Kushagra Keshari · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/dc-motor/": {"t": "DC motor", "s": "DC motors convert direct current into mechanical force via magnetic fields."}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/servomotor/": {"t": "Servomotor", "s": "A closed-loop actuator for precise position, velocity, and acceleration control."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-10/": {"t": "Windows 10", "s": "A desktop-oriented Windows NT release with ongoing feature updates."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/alder-lake/": {"t": "Alder Lake", "s": "Intel's 12th-gen hybrid architecture with performance and efficiency cores.", "i": "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/img/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/alder-lake.webp", "c": "Chris Light · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/e/computer-storage/solid-state-drive/": {"t": "Solid-state drive", "s": "Solid-state drives store data in semiconductor cells with no moving parts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/solid-state-drive.webp", "c": "David290 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/python/e/python/micropython/": {"t": "MicroPython", "s": "A lean Python implementation for microcontrollers with hardware access."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/arcade-game/": {"t": "Arcade game", "s": "Coin-operated machines of skill installed in public venues."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/clive-sinclair/": {"t": "Clive Sinclair", "s": "English inventor and entrepreneur who pioneered home computing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/clive-sinclair.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Clive Sinclair · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/motorola-68000/": {"t": "Motorola 68000", "s": "A 16/32-bit CISC microprocessor introduced in 1979 by Motorola.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/motorola-68000.webp", "c": "John McMaster · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/single-board-computers/p112/": {"t": "P112", "s": "First hobbyist single-board computer to reach production, running CP/M."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/hobby/": {"t": "Hobby", "s": "A regular activity done for enjoyment during leisure time."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/assembly-language/": {"t": "Assembly language", "s": "Low-level language with strong correspondence to machine code."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/ms-dos/": {"t": "MS-DOS", "s": "The foundational operating system for IBM PC compatibles, MS-DOS evolved from a six-week clone of CP/M into the backbone of early personal computing."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/peripheral/": {"t": "Peripheral", "s": "Auxiliary hardware device that transfers information to or from a computer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/img/computer-peripherals/peripheral.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/oscilloscope/": {"t": "Oscilloscope", "s": "Electronic test instrument that graphically displays varying voltages as a function of time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/oscilloscope.webp", "c": "Leif Jørgensen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/e/inventors-and-engineers/steve-wozniak/": {"t": "Steve Wozniak", "s": "Co-founder of Apple Inc. and personal computer pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/img/inventors-and-engineers/steve-wozniak.webp", "c": "vonguard from Oakland, Nmibia · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/shenzhen/": {"t": "Shenzhen", "s": "Shenzhen: A premier global metropolis and technology hub on the Pearl River estuary."}, "/e/single-board-computers/n8vem/": {"t": "N8VEM", "s": "Homebrew computing project for vintage-style hobbyist systems."}, "https://codexery.com/public-law/e/public-law/public-domain/": {"t": "Public domain", "s": "Creative works free from exclusive intellectual property rights.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-law/img/public-law/public-domain.webp", "c": "Democratic Party · Public domain"}}