{"https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/chondrichthyes/": {"t": "Chondrichthyes", "s": "Cartilaginous fish with skeletons of cartilage, not bone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/chondrichthyes.webp", "c": "Prehistoricplanes · via Wikipedia: Chondrichthyes · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/sharks/whale-shark/": {"t": "Whale shark", "s": "The largest fish in the world, a gentle filter-feeding giant of tropical oceans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/whale-shark.webp", "c": "Zac Wolf · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "/e/sharks/basking-shark/": {"t": "Basking shark", "s": "The second-largest fish, a gentle filter feeder that basks at the surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/basking-shark.webp", "c": "Ian Andrews · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/endotherm/": {"t": "Endotherm", "s": "Organisms that generate internal heat to maintain body temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/temperate-climate/": {"t": "Temperate climate", "s": "Middle-latitude climates with distinct seasons and moderate temperatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/temperate-climate.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/oceania/": {"t": "Oceania", "s": "The smallest continent, spanning the Pacific's vast ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/seafood/e/seafood/squid/": {"t": "Squid", "s": "Squid are intelligent, jet-propelled predators of the open ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/jaws/e/jaws/jaws-novel/": {"t": "Jaws (novel)", "s": "A great white shark terrorizes a Long Island resort town."}, "https://codexery.com/jaws/e/jaws/jaws-film/": {"t": "Jaws (film)", "s": "A man-eating great white shark terrorizes a resort town."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-union-for-conservation-of-nature/": {"t": "International Union for Conservation of Nature", "s": "Global authority on nature conservation and sustainable resource use."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/water-sports/e/water-sports/recreational-fishing/": {"t": "Recreational fishing", "s": "Fishing for leisure, exercise, or competition, distinct from commercial or subsistence fishing."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-linnaeus/": {"t": "Carl Linnaeus", "s": "Father of modern taxonomy"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/fish-fin/": {"t": "Fish fin", "s": "Appendages that generate thrust and lift for fish swimming."}, "https://codexery.com/camouflage-patterns/e/camouflage-patterns/countershading/": {"t": "Countershading", "s": "Camouflage using darker upper and lighter underside coloration."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/cestoda/": {"t": "Cestoda", "s": "Parasitic flatworms that live in vertebrate intestines."}, "/e/sharks/shortfin-mako/": {"t": "Shortfin mako", "s": "Fastest shark species, reaching 74 km/h in bursts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/shortfin-mako.webp", "c": "出羽雀台 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/sharks/great-hammerhead/": {"t": "Great hammerhead", "s": "Critically endangered by overfishing for its fins", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/great-hammerhead.webp", "c": "Albert kok · via Wikipedia: Great hammerhead · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/animal-migration/": {"t": "Animal migration", "s": "Seasonal long-distance movement found across all major animal groups."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/requiem-shark/": {"t": "Requiem shark", "s": "Migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas, often involved in attacks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/requiem-shark.webp", "c": "Brian Gratwicke · via Wikipedia: Requiem shark · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-dna/": {"t": "Mitochondrial DNA", "s": "Mitochondrial DNA is a small, maternally inherited genome essential for energy conversion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-dna.webp", "c": "National Human Genome Research Institute · via Wikipedia: Mitochondrial DNA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/phylogenetic-tree/": {"t": "Phylogenetic tree", "s": "Branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/vertebra/": {"t": "Vertebra", "s": "Irregular bone forming the vertebral column of vertebrates."}, "https://codexery.com/reproductive-biology/e/reproductive-biology/fertilisation/": {"t": "Fertilisation", "s": "Fusion of gametes initiating development of a new organism."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/embryo/": {"t": "Embryogenesis", "s": "The process of embryo formation from zygote to multicellular organism."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/asexual-reproduction/": {"t": "Asexual reproduction", "s": "Reproduction without gamete fusion, producing genetically identical offspring."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/parthenogenesis/": {"t": "Parthenogenesis", "s": "A natural asexual reproduction from unfertilized eggs."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/zygote/": {"t": "Zygote", "s": "A diploid cell formed by fusion of two gametes."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/crustacean/": {"t": "Crustacean", "s": "Mandibulate arthropods with biramous limbs and a nauplius larval stage."}, "/e/sharks/great-white-shark/": {"t": "Great white shark", "s": "A large, partially warm-blooded shark with a fearsome reputation, but rarely preys on humans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/great-white-shark.webp", "c": "Elias Levy · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier/": {"t": "Georges Cuvier", "s": "Founding father of paleontology who helped establish extinction as a scientific concept.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/img/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier.webp", "c": "Georges Cuvier · Public domain"}, "/e/sharks/hammerhead-shark/": {"t": "Hammerhead shark", "s": "Hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks with distinctive flattened, T-shaped heads called cephalofoils, found worldwide in warmer coastal waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/hammerhead-shark.webp", "c": "Eden, Janine and Jim from New York City · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/gill/": {"t": "Gill", "s": "Respiratory organ for aquatic gas exchange.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/gill.webp", "c": "War Department. The Adjutant General's Office. 3/4/1907-9/18/1947 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism/": {"t": "Sexual dimorphism", "s": "Condition where sexes differ in morphology beyond reproduction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism.webp", "c": "Heidi Hopkins · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/sharks/greenland-shark/": {"t": "Greenland shark", "s": "The Greenland shark is a deep-dwelling Arctic giant with the longest lifespan of any vertebrate, a genome of 6.45 billion base pairs, and a slow, stealthy hunti", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/greenland-shark.webp", "c": "NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program · via Wikipedia: Greenland shark · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/lateral-line/": {"t": "Lateral line", "s": "A sensory system detecting water movement, vibration, and pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/photon/": {"t": "Photon", "s": "Elementary particle and quantum of the electromagnetic field."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/subtropics/": {"t": "Subtropics", "s": "Climate zones between tropics and temperate regions, with hot summers and mild winters."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/marine/manta-ray/": {"t": "Manta Ray", "s": "Giant filter-feeding rays with wing-like fins and one of the biggest brains of any fish."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/carcharhinus/": {"t": "Carcharhinus", "s": "Type genus of Carcharhinidae, containing over half its species.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/carcharhinus.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · via Wikipedia: Carcharhinus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/sharks/tiger-shark/": {"t": "Tiger shark", "s": "The tiger shark is the largest member of the order Carcharhiniformes and the second-largest predatory shark, after the great white.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/tiger-shark.webp", "c": "Oregon State University · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/estuary/": {"t": "Estuary", "s": "Transitional coastal ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-landforms/e/landforms/littoral-zone/": {"t": "Littoral zone", "s": "The nearshore zone of oceans, lakes, and rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/river-shark/": {"t": "River shark", "s": "River sharks are poorly known, sympatric with bull sharks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/river-shark.webp", "c": "Bill Harrison from Wellington, New Zealand · via Wikipedia: River shark · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/ganges-shark/": {"t": "Ganges shark", "s": "A rare, poorly known river shark with a disputed range.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/ganges-shark.webp", "c": "(Müller and Henle) · via Wikipedia: Ganges shark · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/zambezi/": {"t": "Zambezi", "s": "Fourth-longest African river, largest east-flowing into the Indian Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/sandbar-shark/": {"t": "Sandbar shark", "s": "A large coastal shark with a high dorsal fin and interdorsal ridge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/sandbar-shark.webp", "c": "Brian Gratwicke · via Wikipedia: Sandbar shark · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea/": {"t": "Arabian Sea", "s": "A historically vital sea linking Old World trade networks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arabian Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/brisbane/": {"t": "Brisbane", "s": "Brisbane, known in the local Turrbal and Yagara languages as Meanjin, serves as Queensland’s capital and largest city, and is Australia’s third most populous ur"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/baja-california/": {"t": "Baja California", "s": "Northwestern Mexican state, home to diverse geography and wine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/img/mexican-states/baja-california.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Baja California peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ecuador/": {"t": "Ecuador", "s": "A megadiverse nation straddling the equator, from the Andes to the Galápagos."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/amazon-river/": {"t": "Amazon River", "s": "Largest river by discharge; length disputed with the Nile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/amazon-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amazon River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/tigris/": {"t": "Tigris", "s": "Eastern great river of Mesopotamia, flowing through history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/tigris.webp", "c": "Hamza Al Mosuly · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/gestation/": {"t": "Gestation", "s": "Gestation is embryo development inside viviparous animals."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/ganges/": {"t": "Ganges", "s": "The Ganges: sacred lifeline of India and Bangladesh, second-largest river system by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/ganges.webp", "c": "Picture Prefect ! · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/sharks/blacktip-reef-shark/": {"t": "Blacktip reef shark", "s": "A common, timid reef shark with black-tipped fins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/blacktip-reef-shark.webp", "c": "Kakidai · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/sharks/oceanic-whitetip/": {"t": "Oceanic whitetip", "s": "The oceanic whitetip shark is a slow-moving but aggressive pelagic predator, critically endangered due to fishing pressure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/oceanic-whitetip.webp", "c": "Johan Lantz, Malmö SWEDEN · via Wikipedia: Oceanic whitetip shark · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/species-pigeye-shark/e/fish/pigeye-shark/": {"t": "Pigeye shark (Carcharhinus amboinensis)", "s": "Source-cited species reference: taxonomy from WoRMS, biology from FishBase, occurrence map from GBIF, conservation from IUCN Red List, description from Wikipedi", "i": "https://codexery.com/species-pigeye-shark/img/fish/pigeye-shark.webp", "c": "Tassapon KRAJANGDARA · via Wikipedia: Pigeye shark · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/species-pondicherry-shark/e/fish/pondicherry-shark/": {"t": "Pondicherry shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)", "s": "Source-cited species reference: taxonomy from WoRMS, biology from FishBase, conservation from IUCN Red List, description from Wikipedia."}, "/e/sharks/blue-shark/": {"t": "Blue shark", "s": "A widespread, migratory shark of temperate and tropical oceans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/blue-shark.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · via Wikipedia: Blue shark · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/sharks/lemon-shark/": {"t": "Lemon shark", "s": "A social, nocturnal shark with a distinctive yellow hue.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/lemon-shark.webp", "c": "USFWS Headquarters · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/yucat-n-peninsula/": {"t": "Yucatán Peninsula", "s": "Large peninsula in southeast Mexico; heart of the Maya lowlands."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/gujarat/": {"t": "Gujarat", "s": "Land of the Gurjars, longest coastline, and the Asiatic lion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/gujarat.webp", "c": "Nileshbandhiya · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/kerala/": {"t": "Kerala", "s": "God's Own Country", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/kerala.webp", "c": "rajaraman sundaram · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/cape-town/": {"t": "Cape Town", "s": "Legislative capital of South Africa, oldest city, and gateway to the Cape Floristic Region."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-carolina/": {"t": "South Carolina", "s": "A southeastern U.S. state with a pivotal role in American history."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/rhodopsin/": {"t": "Rhodopsin", "s": "Light-sensitive protein enabling dim-light vision in rod cells."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/rod-cell/": {"t": "Rod cell", "s": "Rod cells enable vision in dim light with high sensitivity."}, "https://codexery.com/eye-diseases/e/eye-diseases/congenital-stationary-night-blindness/": {"t": "Congenital stationary night blindness", "s": "A rare non-progressive retinal disorder impairing night vision."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/cone-cell/": {"t": "Cone cell", "s": "Photoreceptor cells enabling color vision and fine detail."}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/photogrammetry/": {"t": "Photogrammetry", "s": "Science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographic images."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-agulhas/": {"t": "Cape Agulhas", "s": "A mountainous peninsula at Africa's south-western tip, home to Table Mountain and Cape Point.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-agulhas.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cape Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/yucat-n/": {"t": "Yucatán", "s": "Mexican state on the Yucatán Peninsula, heartland of Maya civilization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/yucat-n.webp", "c": "Philip N. Cohen · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/hawaiian-language/": {"t": "Hawaiian language", "s": "The historic native language of the Hawaiian people, critically endangered but undergoing revival."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/louis-agassiz/": {"t": "Louis Agassiz", "s": "Swiss-born naturalist who advanced ichthyology and glaciology."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico/": {"t": "Gulf of Mexico", "s": "Marginal sea of the Atlantic, bordered by the U.S., Mexico, and Cuba.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico.webp", "c": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. · via Wikipedia: Gulf of Mexico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/nova-scotia/": {"t": "Nova Scotia", "s": "Canada's most populous Atlantic province, rich in Mi'kmaq heritage and Scottish history."}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/herring/": {"t": "Herring", "s": "Forage fish forming large schools, vital to fisheries science and history."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/grey-reef-shark/": {"t": "Grey reef shark", "s": "First shark known to perform a threat display.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/grey-reef-shark.webp", "c": "CRED/PIFSC, NOAA · via Wikipedia: Grey reef shark · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/e/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-hatteras/": {"t": "Cape Hatteras", "s": "The storm-battered bend of North Carolina's Outer Banks, off the Graveyard of the Atlantic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/img/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-hatteras.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cape Hatteras · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/circulatory-system/": {"t": "Circulatory system", "s": "A closed network of heart, blood, and vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/polyandry/": {"t": "Polyandry", "s": "Polyandry: a woman with two or more husbands, a rare but globally documented marriage form."}, "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/e/public-aquariums/seaworld-san-diego/": {"t": "SeaWorld San Diego", "s": "First SeaWorld park, combining marine exhibits, rides, and animal rehabilitation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/img/public-aquariums/seaworld-san-diego.webp", "c": "Leon7 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/fish-migration/": {"t": "Fish migration", "s": "Fish migrate for feeding or spawning, often over vast distances."}, "https://codexery.com/fish-and-marine-life/e/fish-and-marine-life/pelagic-fish/": {"t": "Pelagic fish", "s": "Pelagic fish live in open water, neither near bottom nor shore."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/continental-shelf/": {"t": "Continental shelf", "s": "Submerged edge of a continent, rich in life and resources."}, "/e/sharks/cookiecutter-shark/": {"t": "Cookiecutter shark", "s": "Small shark that bites round plugs from larger animals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/cookiecutter-shark.webp", "c": "NOAA Observer Project · via Wikipedia: Cookiecutter shark · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/buoyancy/": {"t": "Buoyancy", "s": "Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an immersed object."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bass-strait/": {"t": "Bass Strait", "s": "The only maritime route into Port Phillip Bay, separating Tasmania from the Australian mainland."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/dardanelles/": {"t": "Dardanelles", "s": "Narrow strait connecting the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea, forming part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-marmara/": {"t": "Sea of Marmara", "s": "A small inland sea linking the Black Sea and Aegean, rich in history and mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/lamprey/": {"t": "Lamprey", "s": "Jawless fish with a sucking mouth, found in temperate waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/lamprey.webp", "c": "Photo Credit: Great Lakes Fishery Commission · via Wikipedia: Lamprey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/species/": {"t": "Species", "s": "Basic unit of classification and biodiversity."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/family-taxonomy/": {"t": "Family (taxonomy)", "s": "Taxonomic rank between order and genus in Linnaean classification."}, "https://codexery.com/fish-and-marine-life/e/fish-and-marine-life/demersal-fish/": {"t": "Demersal fish", "s": "Bottom-dwelling fish that feed on or near the sea floor."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-field/": {"t": "Electric field", "s": "Electric fields arise from charges and exert forces on other charges."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/ichthyology/": {"t": "Ichthyology", "s": "The scientific study of fish, from ancient observations to modern taxonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/oni/e/oni/tengu/": {"t": "Tengu", "s": "Mountain spirits of Shinto and Buddhist folklore."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/fossil/": {"t": "Fossil", "s": "Fossils are preserved remains of ancient life, key to evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/iris-anatomy/": {"t": "Iris (anatomy)", "s": "Ring-shaped eye structure controlling pupil size and color."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/ohio/": {"t": "Ohio", "s": "Midwestern U.S. state, birthplace of seven presidents and aviation."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/natural-history-pliny/": {"t": "Natural History (Pliny)", "s": "Roman encyclopedia covering the natural world and human life."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/tongue/": {"t": "Tongue", "s": "Muscular organ for taste, chewing, swallowing, and speech.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/tongue.webp", "c": "Stephanie cheks · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lunar-eclipse/": {"t": "Lunar eclipse", "s": "A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/paul-the-apostle/": {"t": "Paul the Apostle", "s": "Apostle to the Gentiles and author of many New Testament epistles."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/supernatural/": {"t": "Supernatural", "s": "Concept of phenomena beyond the laws of nature."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke/": {"t": "Robert Hooke", "s": "English polymath and pioneer of microscopy", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Hooke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/rhode-island/": {"t": "Rhode Island", "s": "Smallest U.S. state, founded as a haven for religious liberty."}, "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/e/marine-invertebrates/sea-urchin/": {"t": "Sea urchin", "s": "Spiny marine echinoderms studied as model organisms since the 19th century.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/img/marine-invertebrates/sea-urchin.webp", "c": "Nhobgood (talk) Nick Hobgood · via Wikipedia: Sea urchin · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/e/marine-invertebrates/tunicate/": {"t": "Tunicate", "s": "Marine chordates with a tunic and tadpole-like larvae.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/img/marine-invertebrates/tunicate.webp", "c": "Nhobgood Nick Hobgood · via Wikipedia: Tunicate · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cnidarians/e/cnidarians/anthozoa/": {"t": "Anthozoa", "s": "Flower-like marine animals that build and enhance reef systems."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/reptiles-amphibians/american-alligator/": {"t": "American Alligator", "s": "The Southeast's apex wetland predator, pulled back from endangered status to least concern."}, "/e/sharks/bull-shark/": {"t": "Bull shark", "s": "A stocky, aggressive requiem shark found in warm coastal waters and rivers worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/bull-shark.webp", "c": "Sylke Rohrlach from Sydney · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/odisha/": {"t": "Odisha", "s": "The Land of Kalinga and Utkaḷa"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef/": {"t": "Coral reef", "s": "Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems built by coral polyps."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/predation/": {"t": "Predation", "s": "Predators kill and eat other organisms, driving evolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/predation.webp", "c": "InsektenDoku · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/wrasses/e/wrasses/parrotfish/": {"t": "Parrotfish", "s": "Parrotfish are wrasses with beak-like teeth that rasp algae and coral."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/placenta/": {"t": "Placenta", "s": "Temporary organ enabling nutrient and gas exchange in pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/cloaca/": {"t": "Cloaca", "s": "Single orifice for excretion and reproduction in many vertebrates."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/mating/": {"t": "Mating", "s": "Pairing of organisms for sexual reproduction across many taxa."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea/": {"t": "New Guinea", "s": "The world's second-largest island, rich in biodiversity and cultural history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German New Guinea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/nervous-shark/": {"t": "Nervous shark", "s": "A timid requiem shark of northern Australian coastal waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/nervous-shark.webp", "c": "CSIRO National Fish Collection · via Wikipedia: Nervous shark · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/tangs-and-surgeonfish/e/tangs-and-surgeonfish/acanthuridae/": {"t": "Acanthuridae", "s": "Marine fishes with scalpel-like spines on the tail peduncle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/tangs-and-surgeonfish/img/tangs-and-surgeonfish/acanthuridae.webp", "c": "Hectonichus · via Wikipedia: Acanthuridae · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude/": {"t": "Latitude", "s": "Latitude specifies north-south position on Earth or celestial bodies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude.webp", "c": "source: Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation\nsvg conversion: Gregors\nColor: Jahobr · via Wikipedia: Latitude · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "State of the first flight and first call for independence."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia/": {"t": "New Caledonia", "s": "A French territory in the southwest Pacific, part of Melanesia, with a unique legal status and a diverse population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 2024 New Caledonia unrest · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/french-polynesia/": {"t": "French Polynesia", "s": "An overseas collectivity of France in the South Pacific, comprising 121 islands and atolls.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/french-polynesia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Polynesia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/guinea/": {"t": "Guinea", "s": "West African nation, former French colony, bauxite producer."}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-water-chemistry/e/aquarium-water-chemistry/water-clarity/": {"t": "Water clarity", "s": "Water clarity measures light penetration and underwater visibility."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/shoaling-and-schooling/": {"t": "Shoaling and schooling", "s": "Social and coordinated swimming behaviors in fish."}, "https://codexery.com/reef-cephalopods/e/reef-cephalopods/cuttlefish/": {"t": "Cuttlefish", "s": "Intelligent marine molluscs with a unique internal shell and W-shaped pupils.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-cephalopods/img/reef-cephalopods/cuttlefish.webp", "c": "Vicmicallef · via Wikipedia: Cuttlefish · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/longevity/": {"t": "Longevity", "s": "Longevity studies lifespan extension and verified supercentenarian records."}, "https://codexery.com/icelandic-cuisine/e/icelandic-cuisine/h-karl/": {"t": "Hákarl", "s": "An Icelandic fermented shark dish with a strong ammonia smell."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/visual-impairment/": {"t": "Visual impairment", "s": "Visual impairment is partial or total inability of visual perception.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/injuries-and-conditions/visual-impairment.webp", "c": "Simon Legner ( User:simon04 ) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein/": {"t": "Protein", "s": "Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform diverse cellular functions."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein-folding/": {"t": "Protein folding", "s": "Physical process forming functional protein three-dimensional structure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein-folding.webp", "c": "Holger87 · via Wikipedia: Protein folding · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/ectotherm/": {"t": "Ectotherm", "s": "Animals that rely on external heat for body temperature regulation."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/mutation/": {"t": "Mutation", "s": "Mutations are alterations in DNA sequence driving evolution and disease."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-repair/": {"t": "DNA repair", "s": "Processes by which cells identify and correct DNA damage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-repair.webp", "c": "Eunice Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/continental-margin/": {"t": "Continental margin", "s": "Outer edge of continental crust under coastal waters."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/uterus/": {"t": "Uterus", "s": "Organ for embryonic and fetal development in female mammals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/uterus.webp", "c": "DeuxPlusQuatre · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/suruga-bay/": {"t": "Suruga Bay", "s": "Deepest bay in Japan, shaped by tectonic subduction."}, "https://codexery.com/fish-and-marine-life/e/fish-and-marine-life/skate-fish/": {"t": "Skate (fish)", "s": "Cartilaginous fish of the family Rajidae, known for their flat bodies, egg cases, and electric organs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish-and-marine-life/img/fish-and-marine-life/skate-fish.webp", "c": "Robert Mintern · via Wikipedia: Skate (fish) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mid-atlantic-ridge/": {"t": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "s": "Divergent plate boundary forming the Atlantic Ocean floor."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/honshu/": {"t": "Honshu", "s": "Japan's largest and most populous main island"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/marine-fish-genera/e/marine-fish-genera/chauliodus/": {"t": "Chauliodus", "s": "Deep-sea viperfish with bioluminescent lures and fang-like teeth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-fish-genera/img/marine-fish-genera/chauliodus.webp", "c": "NOAA Ocean Exploration, Voyage to the Ridge 2022 · via Wikipedia: Viperfish · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid/": {"t": "Lipid", "s": "Lipids are hydrophobic or amphiphilic organic compounds essential for life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid.webp", "c": "User:Innerstream · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism/": {"t": "Parasitism", "s": "A close, harmful relationship where one organism exploits another.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism.webp", "c": "Soebe · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/fluid-dynamics/": {"t": "Fluid dynamics", "s": "Study of fluid flow, including liquids and gases."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/taste/": {"t": "Taste", "s": "The sensory system for perceiving taste, primarily via tongue taste buds."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/sense-of-smell/": {"t": "Sense of smell", "s": "The sense through which odors are perceived."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/sociality/": {"t": "Sociality", "s": "Sociality describes how animals form cooperative groups."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/population-biology/": {"t": "Population (biology)", "s": "A group of same-species individuals separated by space, genetics, or demography."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/summer/": {"t": "Summer", "s": "The hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/summer.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/barracuda/": {"t": "Barracuda", "s": "Large, predatory, ray-finned, saltwater fish of the genus Sphyraena.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/barracuda.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Barracuda · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/mahi-mahi/": {"t": "Mahi-mahi", "s": "A fast-growing, colorful surface-dwelling fish found worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/mahi-mahi.webp", "c": "gendereuphorbia · via Wikipedia: Mahi-mahi · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/gastropod/": {"t": "Gastropod", "s": "Snails and slugs, the second-most diverse animal class.", "i": "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/img/invertebrates/gastropod.webp", "c": "Myself · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/e/reef-sharks/silky-shark/": {"t": "Silky shark", "s": "A swift, abundant pelagic shark with a smooth skin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reef-sharks-and-rays/img/reef-sharks/silky-shark.webp", "c": "Alex Chernikh · via Wikipedia: Silky shark · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/shipwrecks/e/famous-shipwrecks/uss-indianapolis/": {"t": "USS Indianapolis", "s": "Heavy cruiser sunk in 12 minutes after delivering atomic bomb components; 316 of 1,195 crew survived."}, "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/e/public-aquariums/monterey-bay-aquarium/": {"t": "Monterey Bay Aquarium", "s": "A nonprofit aquarium focused on Monterey Bay marine habitats.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/img/public-aquariums/monterey-bay-aquarium.webp", "c": "Jim G from Silicon Valley, CA, USA · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seafood/e/seafood/tuna/": {"t": "Tuna", "s": "Fast, warm-blooded, and prized worldwide — tuna are among the ocean's most remarkable fish.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seafood/img/seafood/tuna.webp", "c": "NOAA · via Wikipedia: Tuna · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/isis/": {"t": "Isis", "s": "Ancient Egyptian goddess of magic, motherhood, and the afterlife"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/oceanic-basin/": {"t": "Oceanic basin", "s": "Ocean basins are vast, interconnected depressions holding most of Earth's seawater."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cartilage/": {"t": "Cartilage", "s": "Resilient connective tissue covering joints and supporting body structures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cartilage.webp", "c": "Cristobal carrasco (originale); Fabyrav · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/sharks/nurse-shark/": {"t": "Nurse shark", "s": "A robust, bottom-dwelling shark vital to research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/sharks/nurse-shark.webp", "c": "Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/genetics-and-genomics/genetics/": {"t": "Genetics", "s": "Study of genes and heredity"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/persian-gulf/": {"t": "Persian Gulf", "s": "A shallow, historically significant sea between Arabia and Iran."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/intertidal-zone/": {"t": "Intertidal zone", "s": "The intertidal zone is the shoreline between high and low tides."}, "https://codexery.com/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/e/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/eucestoda/": {"t": "Eucestoda", "s": "Larger subclass of tapeworms, endoparasites of vertebrates."}}