{"https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/james-v/": {"t": "James V", "s": "King of Scotland who strengthened royal power and founded the College of Justice."}, "https://codexery.com/ballads/e/ballads/child-ballads/": {"t": "Child Ballads", "s": "A foundational anthology of English and Scottish traditional ballads."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/walter-scott/": {"t": "Walter Scott", "s": "Scottish novelist, poet, and historian; creator of the Waverley novels.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/walter-scott.webp", "c": "Thomas Lawrence · via Wikipedia: Walter Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cumberland/": {"t": "Cumberland", "s": "Historic county in North West England; a unitary authority area of the same name was created in 2023."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/excommunication/": {"t": "Excommunication", "s": "Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure limiting membership and communion."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/ballads/e/ballads/ballad/": {"t": "Ballad", "s": "A narrative song form with roots in medieval dance and oral tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/charles-edward-stuart/": {"t": "Charles Edward Stuart", "s": "Stuart claimant who led the failed Jacobite Rising of 1745."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/blackmail/": {"t": "Blackmail", "s": "Criminal coercion using threats, often for personal gain."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/presbyterianism/": {"t": "Presbyterianism", "s": "A Reformed Protestant tradition rooted in Scotland, emphasizing the sovereignty of God and governance by elders."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/elizabeth-i/": {"t": "Elizabeth I", "s": "The Virgin Queen who presided over the Elizabethan era."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/people-of-stirling-castle/e/people-of-stirling-castle/henry-frederick-prince-of-wales/": {"t": "Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales", "s": "Eldest son of James VI and I, died young."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/palace-of-westminster/": {"t": "Palace of Westminster", "s": "Meeting place of the UK Parliament, a symbol of British government."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mary-queen-of-scots/": {"t": "Mary, Queen of Scots", "s": "Queen of Scotland from infancy, imprisoned and executed by her cousin Elizabeth I."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia/": {"t": "Pneumonia", "s": "Inflammatory lung condition primarily affecting alveoli, caused by infection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/people-of-stirling-castle/e/people-of-stirling-castle/george-buchanan/": {"t": "George Buchanan", "s": "Sixteenth-century Scottish historian and humanist scholar."}, "/e/scottish-outlaws/rob-roy-macgregor/": {"t": "Rob Roy MacGregor", "s": "Jacobite outlaw and Scottish folk hero."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/extortion/": {"t": "Extortion", "s": "Obtaining benefit through coercion by threat of harm."}, "https://codexery.com/scottish-folklore/e/scottish-folklore/scottish-folklore/": {"t": "Scottish folklore", "s": "Folklore of the Scottish people from earliest records to today.", "i": "https://codexery.com/scottish-folklore/img/scottish-folklore/scottish-folklore.webp", "c": "Simon Burchell · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/e/mythological-and-legendary-figures/robin-hood/": {"t": "Robin Hood", "s": "Legendary English outlaw and folk hero.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/img/mythological-and-legendary-figures/robin-hood.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robin Hood · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/welsh-folklore/e/welsh-folklore/twm-si-n-cati/": {"t": "Twm Siôn Cati", "s": "Welsh folk hero and antiquary, known as the Welsh Robin Hood."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/english-civil-war/": {"t": "English Civil War", "s": "King versus Parliament: a revolution that beheaded a monarchy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/english-civil-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: English Civil War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/oliver-cromwell/": {"t": "Oliver Cromwell", "s": "Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/jacobitism/": {"t": "Jacobitism", "s": "A political movement seeking restoration of the exiled House of Stuart after the Glorious Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/robert-burns/": {"t": "Robert Burns", "s": "Scottish poet and lyricist, national poet of Scotland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/img/poets-and-lyricists/robert-burns.webp", "c": "Malcolm MacCallum, Anatomical Museum in Edinburgh , Scotland. · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-legendary-creatures/e/films-about-legendary-creatures/harry-potter-and-the-chamber-of-secrets-film/": {"t": "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)", "s": "A 2002 fantasy film, second in the Harry Potter series."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/george-iv/": {"t": "George IV", "s": "Extravagant king and regent whose reign was tarnished by scandal."}, "/e/scottish-outlaws/john-wemyss-of-logie/": {"t": "John Wemyss of Logie", "s": "Scottish courtier, spy, and subject of the ballad 'The Laird o Logie'."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/eighty-years-war/": {"t": "Eighty Years' War", "s": "The Eighty Years' War: A struggle for independence and religious freedom in the Habsburg Netherlands."}, "/e/scottish-outlaws/clan-gregor/": {"t": "Clan Gregor", "s": "Highland clan with ancient royal claims and a famous outlaw."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/james-ii-of-england/": {"t": "James II of England", "s": "Last Catholic monarch deposed in the Glorious Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/treason/": {"t": "Treason", "s": "Crime of disloyalty to a state or sovereign."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/george-i-of-great-britain/": {"t": "George I of Great Britain", "s": "First Hanoverian king of Great Britain and Ireland."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/william-wordsworth/": {"t": "William Wordsworth", "s": "English Romantic poet and co-founder of the Romantic Age", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/william-wordsworth.webp", "c": "Benjamin Haydon · via Wikipedia: William Wordsworth · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company/": {"t": "The Walt Disney Company", "s": "American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company.webp", "c": "Disney Enterprises, Inc. · via Wikipedia: The Walt Disney Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cocktails-with-vermouth/e/cocktails-with-vermouth/rob-roy-cocktail/": {"t": "Rob Roy (cocktail)", "s": "A Scotch whisky Manhattan created for an 1894 operetta premiere."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/multilingualism/": {"t": "Multilingualism", "s": "Multilingualism is the use of more than one language by individuals or groups."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/political-party/": {"t": "Political party", "s": "Organizations that coordinate candidates to compete in elections."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-left-bank-pictures/e/television-series-by-left-bank-pictures/outlander-tv-series/": {"t": "Outlander (TV series)", "s": "A time-traveling nurse finds love and danger in 18th-century Scotland."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/oak/": {"t": "Oak", "s": "Hardwood trees and shrubs of the genus Quercus, keystone species across the Northern Hemisphere."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/irish-language/": {"t": "Irish language", "s": "Irish is a Celtic language native to Ireland, with a rich literary history and official status in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the European Un"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/reformation/": {"t": "Reformation", "s": "A 16th-century movement that challenged Catholic authority and birthed Protestantism."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/primary-source/": {"t": "Primary source", "s": "Original source created at the time under study."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/prince-william-duke-of-cumberland/": {"t": "Prince William, Duke of Cumberland", "s": "Third son of George II, victor at Culloden, and known as 'Butcher' Cumberland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/prince-william-duke-of-cumberland.webp", "c": "Joshua Reynolds · via Wikipedia: Prince William, Duke of Cumberland · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/mimesis/": {"t": "Mimesis", "s": "Representation of reality in art and literature."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/george-ii-of-great-britain/": {"t": "George II of Great Britain", "s": "King of Great Britain and Ireland; last monarch to lead in battle."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-irish-mythology/e/characters-in-irish-mythology/deirdre/": {"t": "Deirdre", "s": "Tragic heroine of the Ulster Cycle, known as Deirdre of the Sorrows."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/mythological-kidnapped-people/helen-of-troy/": {"t": "Helen of Troy", "s": "Her face launched a thousand ships toward Troy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/img/mythological-kidnapped-people/helen-of-troy.webp", "c": "Antonio Canova · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/aphrodite/e/aphrodite/venus-mythology/": {"t": "Venus (mythology)", "s": "Roman goddess of love, beauty, desire, and ancestral mother of Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/robbery/": {"t": "Robbery", "s": "Violent theft by force or fear, always a felony."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/storytelling/": {"t": "Storytelling", "s": "A universal human activity of sharing stories across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/ross-rifle/": {"t": "Ross rifle", "s": "A straight-pull rifle that saw controversy in Canadian service.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/img/bolt-action-rifles/ross-rifle.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author or not provided · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war/": {"t": "Second Boer War", "s": "A colonial war over gold and British dominance in Southern Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/mohamed-al-fayed/": {"t": "Mohamed Al-Fayed", "s": "Egyptian businessman who owned Harrods and the Ritz Paris, later accused of sexual assault.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/mohamed-al-fayed.webp", "c": "Abi Skipp · via Wikipedia: Mohamed Al-Fayed · CC BY 2.0"}, "/e/scottish-outlaws/kinmont-willie-armstrong/": {"t": "Kinmont Willie Armstrong", "s": "Scottish border reiver rescued from Carlisle Castle in 1596."}, "/e/scottish-outlaws/john-colville-c-1540-1605/": {"t": "John Colville (c. 1540–1605)", "s": "Scottish clergyman, judge, politician and author."}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/edinburgh-castle/": {"t": "Edinburgh Castle", "s": "Historic castle on Castle Rock, site of 26 recorded sieges.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castles/img/castles/edinburgh-castle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edinburgh Castle · see source"}, "/e/scottish-outlaws/andrew-hunter-preacher/": {"t": "Andrew Hunter (preacher)", "s": "Scottish minister, Bothwell's chaplain, and Cecil's informer."}}