{"https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/quran/": {"t": "Quran", "s": "Central religious text of Islam, believed to be divine revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/hadith/": {"t": "Hadith", "s": "The second authority after the Quran, shaping Islamic law and doctrine through reported words and deeds of the Prophet."}, "/e/sacred-languages/classical-arabic/": {"t": "Classical Arabic", "s": "Conservative Semitic liturgical and literary register of Arabic."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/islamic-mythology/isra-and-mi-raj/": {"t": "Isra' and Mi'raj", "s": "The night journey and ascension of Muhammad, a pivotal event in Islamic tradition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/img/islamic-mythology/isra-and-mi-raj.webp", "c": "Ahmad252 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/prophets-and-messengers-in-islam/": {"t": "Prophets and messengers in Islam", "s": "Individuals believed to spread God's message and exemplify ideal human behaviour."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/islamic-scholars-and-mystics/ibn-taymiyya/": {"t": "Ibn Taymiyya", "s": "Controversial Hanbali scholar whose works shaped modern Salafism."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/e/abrahamic-religions/sunnah/": {"t": "Sunnah", "s": "Body of traditions and practices of Muhammad for Muslims."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/e/abrahamic-religions/tafsir/": {"t": "Tafsir", "s": "Quranic exegesis explaining God's will through language and tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mecca/": {"t": "Mecca", "s": "Holiest city in Islam and birthplace of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/medina/": {"t": "Medina", "s": "Second holiest city in Islam, cradle of Islamic civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/al-ghazali/": {"t": "Al-Ghazali", "s": "Proof of Islam and renewer of the faith"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/hajj/": {"t": "Hajj", "s": "Annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, a required religious duty."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/kaaba/": {"t": "Kaaba", "s": "Stone building at Islam's holiest mosque, determining prayer direction worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/arab-world/": {"t": "Arab world", "s": "A region of diverse peoples united by Arabic language and culture, spanning West Asia and North Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/arab-world.webp", "c": "Qbox673 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/uyghur-language/": {"t": "Uyghur language", "s": "Turkic language of Xinjiang, formerly called Turki or Eastern Turki."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kurdish-language/": {"t": "Kurdish language", "s": "Northwestern Iranian language continuum of the Kurdish people."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/punjabi-language/": {"t": "Punjabi language", "s": "Punjabi, also spelled Panjabi, belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and originates in the Punjab region, which spans parts of Pakistan and India."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/sindhi-language/": {"t": "Sindhi language", "s": "A major South Asian language, third most-widely spoken in Pakistan after Punjabi and Pashto."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/urdu/": {"t": "Urdu", "s": "Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language and national lingua franca of Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/iranian-languages/": {"t": "Iranian languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-Iranian languages spoken by Iranian peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/language-death/": {"t": "Language death", "s": "The process by which a language loses its last native speakers and ceases to be used."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire/": {"t": "Sasanian Empire", "s": "Iranian empire lasting from 224 to 651 AD.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire.webp", "c": "Original file by Ro4444, edited by me · via Wikipedia: Sasanian Empire · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/indo-aryan-languages/": {"t": "Indo-Aryan languages", "s": "The Indo-Aryan languages, also called Indic languages, form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages within the Indo-European family."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/oral-tradition/": {"t": "Oral tradition", "s": "A vital medium of human communication across generations."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/zoroaster/": {"t": "Zoroaster", "s": "Iranian religious reformer and spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "Achaemenid Empire", "s": "The largest empire of its time, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/parthian-empire/": {"t": "Parthian Empire", "s": "The Arsacid Iranian power that ruled from 247 BC to 224 AD and stood astride the Silk Road.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/parthian-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parthian Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/pashto/": {"t": "Pashto", "s": "Eastern Iranian language, official in Afghanistan, key to Pashtun identity."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/uzbekistan/": {"t": "Uzbekistan", "s": "Doubly landlocked Central Asian republic with ancient Silk Road heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/brahmi-script/": {"t": "Brahmi script", "s": "Ancient Indian script, ancestor of many modern South Asian writing systems."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/gujarati-language/": {"t": "Gujarati language", "s": "An Indo-Aryan language native to Gujarat, spoken by millions in India and across the global diaspora."}, "/e/sacred-languages/samaritan-hebrew/": {"t": "Samaritan Hebrew", "s": "Liturgical reading tradition of the Samaritan Pentateuch."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hebrew-language/": {"t": "Hebrew language", "s": "A revived Canaanite language, once extinct, now spoken by millions."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/jordan-river/": {"t": "Jordan River", "s": "A 251 km endorheic river flowing through the Levant, sacred to three major religions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/jordan-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jordan River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-isaiah/": {"t": "Book of Isaiah", "s": "A prophetic book of judgment, consolation, and restoration."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/writing-system/": {"t": "Writing system", "s": "A system of symbols and rules for representing language."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hebrew-script/": {"t": "Hebrew script", "s": "A 22-letter, right-to-left abjad for Hebrew and other Jewish languages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/hebrew-script.webp", "c": "Treehill · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-dead-sea-scrolls/": {"t": "The Dead Sea Scrolls", "s": "Ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period, discovered near the Dead Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-amarna-letters/": {"t": "The Amarna Letters", "s": "Ancient diplomatic correspondence on clay tablets from the 14th century BC, found at el-Amarna, Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-exodus/": {"t": "Book of Exodus", "s": "Second book of the Bible recounting Israel's departure from Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-judges/": {"t": "Book of Judges", "s": "Cycles of faith, failure, and deliverance in pre-monarchic Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/filicide-in-mythology/e/filicide-in-mythology/jephthah/": {"t": "Jephthah", "s": "Judge who vowed to sacrifice his daughter after defeating the Ammonites."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/origen/": {"t": "Origen", "s": "Prolific early Christian theologian and controversial Church Father."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/part-of-speech/": {"t": "Part of speech", "s": "A category of words with similar grammatical properties."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/jainism/": {"t": "Jainism", "s": "Indian religion centered on nonviolence and spiritual liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/japanese-language/": {"t": "Japanese language", "s": "The principal language of the Japonic family, spoken by over 123 million people, primarily in Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-cosmologies/e/religious-cosmologies/dravya/": {"t": "Dravya", "s": "Six eternal substances forming the ontological foundation of Jain cosmology."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/vajrayana/": {"t": "Vajrayana", "s": "A Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition emphasizing esoteric practices for rapid enlightenment."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/tibetan-buddhism/": {"t": "Tibetan Buddhism", "s": "Tibetan Buddhism: A Mahayana tradition preserving Indian tantric practices and native developments, with four major schools and a non-sectarian Rimé movement."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/language-preservation/": {"t": "Language preservation", "s": "Efforts to maintain endangered or dead languages for future study."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/morphology-linguistics/": {"t": "Morphology (linguistics)", "s": "Study of word structure and formation in language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/pronoun/": {"t": "Pronoun", "s": "A word or group of words that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-psalms/": {"t": "Book of Psalms", "s": "Anthology of Hebrew hymns, central to Jewish and Christian liturgy."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cyrillic-script/": {"t": "Cyrillic script", "s": "Third official script of the European Union.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/cyrillic-script.webp", "c": "Crissov , Gojdo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/arabic-numerals/": {"t": "Arabic numerals", "s": "Symbols for numbers, originating in North Africa, adopted globally."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/albert-gallatin/": {"t": "Albert Gallatin", "s": "Genevan-American statesman, financier, diplomat, and co-founder of American ethnology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/albert-gallatin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Albert Gallatin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/phonology/": {"t": "Phonology", "s": "Study of how languages organize sound and sign elements."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/transliteration/": {"t": "Transliteration", "s": "Mapping written forms between different scripts and writing systems."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/arabic-alphabet/": {"t": "Arabic alphabet", "s": "A 28-letter cursive abjad written right-to-left."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/najd/": {"t": "Najd", "s": "Central Arabian highland region, cradle of the House of Saud."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/language-change/": {"t": "Language change", "s": "The continuous alteration of language features over time."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/north-africa/": {"t": "North Africa", "s": "A region of diverse definitions, ancient civilizations, and deep cultural ties to the Arab world and the Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/horn-of-africa/": {"t": "Horn of Africa", "s": "A strategically vital peninsula and cultural crossroads in eastern Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/loanword/": {"t": "Loanword", "s": "A word assimilated from one language into another."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/romance-languages/": {"t": "Romance languages", "s": "The Romance languages, often called the Latin languages, are those that evolved directly from Vulgar Latin."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/greek-alphabet/": {"t": "Greek alphabet", "s": "Earliest alphabet to systematically write vowels and consonants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/greek-alphabet.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/tibetan-script/": {"t": "Tibetan script", "s": "An abugida used for Tibetic languages and some neighboring languages, with a history dating to the 7th century."}, "/e/sacred-languages/lhasa-tibetan/": {"t": "Lhasa Tibetan", "s": "Standardized dialect of Lhasa, official in the Tibet Autonomous Region."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-traditions-and-concepts/e/buddhist-traditions-and-concepts/mahayana/": {"t": "Mahayana", "s": "Largest Buddhist branch emphasizing the bodhisattva path to buddhahood.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buddhist-traditions-and-concepts/img/buddhist-traditions-and-concepts/mahayana.webp", "c": "VargaA · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-traditions/e/buddhist-traditions/gelug/": {"t": "Gelug", "s": "Youngest major school of Tibetan Buddhism, founded by Je Tsongkhapa."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/orthography/": {"t": "Orthography", "s": "Conventions for writing a language, including spelling and punctuation."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/devanagari/": {"t": "Devanagari", "s": "Devanagari is a left-to-right abugida used for over 120 languages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/devanagari.webp", "c": "Symphonicallyu · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/rajasthan/": {"t": "Rajasthan", "s": "Land of Kings"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/gujarat/": {"t": "Gujarat", "s": "Land of the Gurjars, longest coastline, and the Asiatic lion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/gujarat.webp", "c": "Nileshbandhiya · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/sindh/": {"t": "Sindh", "s": "Sindh is a Pakistani province, cradle of the Indus Valley Civilisation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/sindh.webp", "c": "Baba66 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hindi/": {"t": "Hindi", "s": "Official language of India and lingua franca of northern India."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/lexicon/": {"t": "Lexicon", "s": "The vocabulary inventory of a language or branch of knowledge."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/vedas/": {"t": "Vedas", "s": "Oldest scriptures of Hinduism, composed in Vedic Sanskrit."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/prosody-linguistics/": {"t": "Prosody (linguistics)", "s": "Study of speech elements beyond individual vowels and consonants."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/constructed-language/": {"t": "Constructed language", "s": "Languages devised by humans for specific purposes, not naturally emerging.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/constructed-language.webp", "c": "Chiswick Chap · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/magic/e/magic/enochian-magic/": {"t": "Enochian magic", "s": "Renaissance angelic magic system revealed to Dee and Kelley."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/enoch/": {"t": "Enoch", "s": "Pre-Flood patriarch taken alive into heaven."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-mythology/e/christian-mythology/antediluvian/": {"t": "Antediluvian", "s": "Biblical era between the fall of man and the great flood."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/stephen-b-thory/": {"t": "Stephen Báthory", "s": "King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Prince of Transylvania."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w/": {"t": "Kraków", "s": "Historic royal capital and UNESCO World Heritage city in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/demons-in-christianity/e/demons-in-christianity/whore-of-babylon/": {"t": "Whore of Babylon", "s": "Symbolic female figure and evil kingdom from the Book of Revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/linguistic-relativity/": {"t": "Linguistic relativity", "s": "Language shapes thought without strictly determining it."}, "/e/sacred-languages/mandaic-language/": {"t": "Mandaic language", "s": "Liturgical language of Mandaeism with rich Akkadian and Iranian influence."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/orthodox-judaism/": {"t": "Orthodox Judaism", "s": "The traditionalist branches of Judaism, holding the Written and Oral Torah as divinely revealed at Sinai.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/orthodox-judaism.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Orthodox Judaism · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "/e/sacred-languages/jewish-babylonian-aramaic/": {"t": "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic", "s": "Middle Aramaic dialect of Babylonian Jewish literature and law."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts-of-africa/e/languages-and-scripts-of-africa/yoruba-language/": {"t": "Yoruba language", "s": "A major West African language with a rich dialect continuum and diaspora liturgical use."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ghana/": {"t": "Ghana", "s": "First Sub-Saharan African colony to achieve sovereignty."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-volta/": {"t": "Lake Volta", "s": "The largest artificial reservoir by surface area, entirely within Ghana."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural-beings-identified-with-chri/e/supernatural-beings-identified-with-christian-saints/babal-ay/": {"t": "Babalú-Ayé", "s": "Orisha of Earth, healing, and smallpox."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/the-gambia/": {"t": "The Gambia", "s": "Smallest continental African country, named for the Gambia River."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/yoruba-people/": {"t": "Yoruba people", "s": "West African ethnic group native to Nigeria, Benin, and Togo"}, "/e/sacred-languages/biblical-hebrew/": {"t": "Biblical Hebrew", "s": "Archaic Hebrew of the Hebrew Bible and ancient Israelite inscriptions."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/yiddish/": {"t": "Yiddish", "s": "A West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews, with roots in the Holy Roman Empire and a fusion of High German, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Slavic ele"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages/": {"t": "Slavic languages", "s": "The Slavic languages are a major branch of the Indo-European family, spoken by over 315 million people across Eastern and Central Europe and beyond.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/img/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages.webp", "c": "CrazyPhunk · via Wikipedia: Slavic languages · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/maimonides/": {"t": "Maimonides", "s": "Sephardic Jewish rabbi, philosopher, and physician of the Middle Ages"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/religious/nachmanides/": {"t": "Nachmanides", "s": "Leading medieval Jewish scholar, rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator from Girona."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/lhasa/": {"t": "Lhasa", "s": "High-altitude capital of Tibet, center of Buddhist culture and history."}, "/e/sacred-languages/classical-tibetan/": {"t": "Classical Tibetan", "s": "Liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism from the 9th century."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-inventions/e/indian-inventions/hindu-arabic-numeral-system/": {"t": "Hindu–Arabic numeral system", "s": "A decimal positional system with earliest clear evidence from the 5th–6th centuries, developed by Indian mathematicians and later adopted by Arabs."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mount-everest/": {"t": "Mount Everest", "s": "Earth's highest mountain above sea level, on the China–Nepal border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/img/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mount-everest.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1996 Mount Everest disaster · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/phoneme/": {"t": "Phoneme", "s": "Basic sound unit that distinguishes meaning in language."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/primary-education/": {"t": "Primary education", "s": "Primary education provides foundational literacy and numeracy skills."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/secondary-school/": {"t": "Secondary school", "s": "Institution providing secondary education, typically for ages 11 to 18."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/philosophical-movements-and-schools/humanism/": {"t": "Humanism", "s": "A philosophy centered on human agency, reason, and well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade/": {"t": "Atlantic slave trade", "s": "Transatlantic transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade.webp", "c": "Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/mandaeism/": {"t": "Mandaeism", "s": "Gnostic, monotheistic ethnic religion revering John the Baptist."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/ahvaz/": {"t": "Ahvaz", "s": "City in southwestern Iran, capital of Khuzestan province."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/provinces-of-iran/khuzestan-province/": {"t": "Khuzestan province", "s": "Southwest Iranian province, ancient Elam, key strategic region."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/baghdad/": {"t": "Baghdad", "s": "Center of Learning"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/basra/": {"t": "Basra", "s": "Ancient port city, hub of trade and conflict in southern Iraq."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/uruk/": {"t": "Uruk", "s": "Ancient Sumerian city, largest urban area of its time."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/tigris/": {"t": "Tigris", "s": "Eastern great river of Mesopotamia, flowing through history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/tigris.webp", "c": "Hamza Al Mosuly · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-cities/e/iranian-cities/hamadan/": {"t": "Hamadan", "s": "Ancient Iranian city, once capital of the Medes and Seljuks."}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-cities/e/iranian-cities/dezful/": {"t": "Dezful", "s": "Ancient Iranian city with a Sasanian bridge and Elamite roots."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/iran-iraq-war/": {"t": "Iran–Iraq War", "s": "Deadliest conventional war between developing countries."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/manipur/": {"t": "Manipur", "s": "A northeastern Indian state of hills and valleys, known for its diverse ethnic groups and cultural heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/sino-tibetan-languages/": {"t": "Sino-Tibetan languages", "s": "A family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/northeast-india/": {"t": "Northeast India", "s": "Easternmost region of India, strategic and linguistically diverse."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/assam/": {"t": "Assam", "s": "The land of the Brahmaputra, tea, and one-horned rhinos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/assam.webp", "c": "Medhi jyoti · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/gupta-empire/": {"t": "Gupta Empire", "s": "Classical Indian empire spanning northern subcontinent, noted for cultural achievements."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/brahmic-scripts/": {"t": "Brahmic scripts", "s": "Family of abugida scripts descended from ancient Brahmi."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/uttar-pradesh/": {"t": "Uttar Pradesh", "s": "India's most populous state, a historic heartland of empires and pilgrimage."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/kushan-empire/": {"t": "Kushan Empire", "s": "Syncretic empire that spread Buddhism and linked Rome and China."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/maharashtra/": {"t": "Maharashtra", "s": "Land of the Deccan Plateau and India's financial heart", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/maharashtra.webp", "c": "Own work based on user:Chumwa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/shaivism/": {"t": "Shaivism", "s": "A major Hindu tradition revering Shiva as the supreme being."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/west-bengal/": {"t": "West Bengal", "s": "A state of eastern India, rich in history, culture, and diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/uttarakhand/": {"t": "Uttarakhand", "s": "Northern Indian state with Himalayan geography and religious significance."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/east-kalimantan/": {"t": "East Kalimantan", "s": "Indonesian province hosting the world's oldest figurative art and new capital.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/east-kalimantan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: East Kalimantan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/sahel/": {"t": "Sahel", "s": "Transition zone between Sahara and Sudanian savannas."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/nilo-saharan-languages/": {"t": "Nilo-Saharan languages", "s": "A proposed family of around 210 African languages, spoken by some 70 million people across the northern half of Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-chad/": {"t": "Lake Chad", "s": "Endorheic lake at the crossroads of four African nations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-chad.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Chad · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/e/nigerian-states/borno-state/": {"t": "Borno State", "s": "Nigeria's only state bordering three countries, second largest in area, and epicenter of the Boko Haram insurgency since 2009.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/img/nigerian-states/borno-state.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Borno State · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/kano-city/": {"t": "Kano (city)", "s": "Ancient crossroads of the Sahel, second city of Nigeria."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tripoli-libya/": {"t": "Tripoli, Libya", "s": "Capital and largest city of Libya, on the Mediterranean coast."}, "https://codexery.com/desert-landscapes/e/desert-landscapes/bilma/": {"t": "Bilma", "s": "An oasis town in the Ténéré, known for salt pans, date cultivation, and the Azalai caravan route."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/exegesis/": {"t": "Exegesis", "s": "Critical interpretation of texts, from Bible to ancient cuneiform."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/maiduguri/": {"t": "Maiduguri", "s": "Capital of Borno State and epicenter of Boko Haram violence."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/ramadan/": {"t": "Ramadan", "s": "Islamic month of fasting, prayer, and spiritual reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hausa-language/": {"t": "Hausa language", "s": "The most widely spoken Chadic language, serving as a lingua franca across West Africa."}}