{"https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kazakh-language/": {"t": "Kazakh language", "s": "Turkic language of Kazakhstan with vowel harmony and agglutinative structure."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tatars/": {"t": "Tatars", "s": "Turkic-speaking peoples across Eastern Europe and Northern Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkic-languages/": {"t": "Turkic languages", "s": "The Turkic languages form a family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast stretch of Eurasia—from Southeastern and Eastern Euro"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/iranian-languages/": {"t": "Iranian languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-Iranian languages spoken by Iranian peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/arabic-musical-instruments/e/arabic-musical-instruments/tanbur/": {"t": "Tanbur", "s": "Long-necked lute family with ancient Mesopotamian origins and diverse regional forms."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-and-sufi-mystics/e/islamic-scholars-and-sufi-mystics/al-farabi/": {"t": "Al-Farabi", "s": "Early Islamic philosopher and music theorist, known as the Second Master."}, "/e/russian-musical-instruments/gusli/": {"t": "Gusli", "s": "Oldest East Slavic plucked zither with Baltic and Asian relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/illuminated-manuscript/": {"t": "Illuminated manuscript", "s": "Decorated texts from late antiquity to the Renaissance"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-psalms/": {"t": "Book of Psalms", "s": "Anthology of Hebrew hymns, central to Jewish and Christian liturgy."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/miniature-illuminated-manuscript/": {"t": "Miniature (illuminated manuscript)", "s": "Small illustrations decorating ancient and medieval illuminated manuscripts."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/alexis-of-russia/": {"t": "Alexis of Russia", "s": "Tsar of all Russia from 1645 to 1676, known for legal reforms, military modernization, and territorial expansion."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/balalaika/": {"t": "Balalaika", "s": "Russian triangular stringed instrument used in folk music and orchestras."}, "/e/russian-musical-instruments/dombra/": {"t": "Dombra", "s": "Long-necked plucked lute, national instrument of Kazakhstan."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/accordion/": {"t": "Accordion", "s": "A bellows-driven free-reed instrument with melody and accompaniment sections."}, "/e/russian-musical-instruments/khromka/": {"t": "Khromka", "s": "The most widespread Russian diatonic button accordion."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/accidental-music/": {"t": "Accidental (music)", "s": "Symbols indicating pitch alteration in musical notation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/img/music-theory-and-composition/accidental-music.webp", "c": "HeavyD14 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/music-theory/melody/": {"t": "Melody", "s": "Linear succession of musical tones perceived as a single entity."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/bellows/": {"t": "Bellows", "s": "Device for controlled air blast, essential in metallurgy and music."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/circle-of-fifths/": {"t": "Circle of fifths", "s": "A cycle of perfect fifths organizing pitch classes and key signatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/img/music-theory-and-composition/circle-of-fifths.webp", "c": "Original: Watchduck You can name the author as \"T. Piesk\", \"Tilman Piesk\" or \"Wa · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/volga/": {"t": "Volga", "s": "Europe's longest river, flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/bow-music/": {"t": "Bow (music)", "s": "A stick with horsehair used to vibrate strings."}, "/e/russian-musical-instruments/zither/": {"t": "Zither", "s": "A stringed instrument family with ancient roots and modern variants."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/sumer/": {"t": "Sumer", "s": "Earliest known civilization, emerging in southern Mesopotamia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/sumer.webp", "c": "Original: Phirosiberia Derivative: باسم · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/slavs/": {"t": "Slavs", "s": "Slavs: A diverse group of peoples speaking Slavic languages, with a rich history spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/al-masudi/": {"t": "Al-Masudi", "s": "Polymath historian and geographer of the Abbasid world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/img/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/al-masudi.webp", "c": "Hubertl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-folklore/e/ukrainian-folklore/bogatyr/": {"t": "Bogatyr", "s": "Stock character in medieval East Slavic legends, akin to a knight-errant."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/pskov/": {"t": "Pskov", "s": "Ancient Russian city, former Hanseatic hub and border fortress."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/chromatic-scale/": {"t": "Chromatic scale", "s": "A twelve-pitch scale with semitone intervals, used in Western music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/img/music-theory-and-composition/chromatic-scale.webp", "c": "Hyacinth · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/hammered-dulcimer/": {"t": "Hammered dulcimer", "s": "A percussion-string instrument struck with handheld hammers."}, "/e/russian-musical-instruments/garmon/": {"t": "Garmon", "s": "A Russian button accordion with diatonic and chromatic variants."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/elbe/": {"t": "Elbe", "s": "One of the major rivers of Central Europe, flowing from the Giant Mountains to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/elbe.webp", "c": "Roy Zuo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/music-legends/e/music-legends/vladimir-vysotsky/": {"t": "Vladimir Vysotsky", "s": "Soviet singer, songwriter, poet and actor", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-legends/img/music-legends/vladimir-vysotsky.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Mayakovsky · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/e/latin-music-icons/andr-s-segovia/": {"t": "Andrés Segovia", "s": "The virtuoso who revived the classical guitar", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/img/latin-music-icons/andr-s-segovia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Violeta Parra · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/elvis-presley/": {"t": "Elvis Presley", "s": "The King of Rock and Roll"}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/fiddle/": {"t": "Fiddle", "s": "A bowed string instrument synonymous with the violin in folk styles."}, "https://codexery.com/2000s-british-mystery-television-series/e/2000s-british-mystery-television-series/midsomer-murders/": {"t": "Midsomer Murders", "s": "Murder in the English countryside, solved by the Barnabys.", "i": "https://codexery.com/2000s-british-mystery-television-series/img/2000s-british-mystery-television-series/midsomer-murders.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Midsomer Murders · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/tin-whistle/": {"t": "Tin whistle", "s": "A simple six-holed fipple flute central to Irish music."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/ukrainian-language/": {"t": "Ukrainian language", "s": "East Slavic language of Ukraine, with deep historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages/": {"t": "Slavic languages", "s": "The Slavic languages are a major branch of the Indo-European family, spoken by over 315 million people across Eastern and Central Europe and beyond.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/img/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages.webp", "c": "CrazyPhunk · via Wikipedia: Slavic languages · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/french-horn/": {"t": "French horn", "s": "The orchestral horn is a coiled brass instrument with rotary valves."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-trumpet/": {"t": "The Trumpet", "s": "A brass instrument used in music and signaling since antiquity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-trumpet.webp", "c": "hpgruesen · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/orchestra/": {"t": "Orchestra", "s": "Large instrumental ensemble central to classical and romantic music."}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/whistle/": {"t": "Whistle", "s": "A fipple flute producing a high-pitched, piercing sound."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polyvinyl-chloride/": {"t": "Polyvinyl chloride", "s": "Third-most produced synthetic plastic, used in pipes and flexible goods."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/russian-federal-subjects/karelia/": {"t": "Karelia", "s": "A historical region divided between Russia and Finland, known for its lakes, cultural heritage, and contested past."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/republic-of-karelia/": {"t": "Republic of Karelia", "s": "A republic of Russia in the northwest, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/non-timber-forest-products/e/non-timber-forest-products/birch-bark/": {"t": "Birch bark", "s": "Water-resistant bark used for crafts, construction, and writing."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/music-theory/major-scale/": {"t": "Major scale", "s": "A seven-note diatonic scale with a major tonic triad."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/music-theory/mixolydian-mode/": {"t": "Mixolydian mode", "s": "A mode with ancient, medieval, and modern forms."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/timbre/": {"t": "Timbre", "s": "Timbre distinguishes sounds by source, even at same pitch and volume."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-piano/": {"t": "The Piano", "s": "A haunting, unpredictable tale of love and sex told from a woman's point of view.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-piano.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/hungary/": {"t": "Hungary", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich history, from the Kingdom of Hungary to EU membership."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/croatia/": {"t": "Croatia", "s": "A country in Central and Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea, with a rich history and a modern high-income economy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/cittern/": {"t": "Cittern", "s": "A Renaissance metal-strung instrument popular for casual music-making."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/lexicon/": {"t": "Lexicon", "s": "The vocabulary inventory of a language or branch of knowledge."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bavaria/": {"t": "Bavaria", "s": "Largest German state, with a history from Celts to kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/london-records-artists/e/london-records-artists/anton-karas/": {"t": "Anton Karas", "s": "Zither player who composed The Third Man soundtrack.", "i": "https://codexery.com/london-records-artists/img/london-records-artists/anton-karas.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anton Karas · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/blind-jazz-musicians/e/blind-jazz-musicians/jeff-healey/": {"t": "Jeff Healey", "s": "Blind Canadian guitarist who blended blues, rock, and jazz."}}