Rivers And Seas Of The World Codexery

Amur

Major Northeast Asian river forming the Russia–China border.

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Amur

I13Robin · CC BY 4.0

Where it is

Street map of the area around Amur; the red dot marks 48°48′58″N 108°46′12″E
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors

Coordinates: 48°48′58″N 108°46′12″E (48.8160, 108.7700) · Open in OpenStreetMap

Coordinates and connected clubs: the infobox of Wikipedia: Amur (CC BY-SA 4.0). Map: drawn by Codexery from OpenStreetMap tiles.

It is 2,824 km long as the Amur proper, or 4,444 km including the Argun tributary, making it the world's tenth longest river.[1] The river basin supports at least 123 fish species from 23 families, including the kaluga sturgeon which can reach 5.6 m.[2][3]

Geography and history

At Huma it is joined by the Huma He, then widens significantly between Blagoveshchensk and Heihe at the Zeya confluence.[4] The river turns northeast at the Songhua confluence, then ceases to define the border after joining the Ussuri at Khabarovsk.[5] During heavy precipitation, the normally endorheic Lake Hulun overflows through Mutnaya Protoka to meet the Argun, connecting the Kherlen river system to the Amur.[6] For centuries, Tungusic, Mongol, Ainu, and Nivkh peoples inhabited the valley, with fishing as their main livelihood.[7]

The Ming dynasty reached the Amur in the early 15th century, sending expeditions to Tyr and building a fort at Aigun.[8][9] At an elevation of 303 meters, the Amur originates in western Northeast China where the Shilka and Argun rivers meet.[10] After its formation, the river travels eastward along the China-Russia frontier, then curves to the southeast for roughly 400 kilometers, during which numerous tributaries join it.[10] Following approximately 200 kilometers, the river's valley becomes narrower; it then shifts eastward near Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, entering an estuary before discharging into the Strait of Tartary.[5]

What the cited sources add

The "Untitled Document" describes the Amur-Heilong River as approximately 4,400 km long, flowing through China, Russia, and a corner of Mongolia.[11] That source notes the Amur tiger and Amur leopard live in the basin's forests, with conservation efforts aiding the leopard.[11] A CNN report states the Blagoveshchensk–Heihe Bridge construction began in 2016 and the two sections were connected in May 2019.[12] The same CNN article reports the bridge will connect Blagoveshchensk with Heihe to increase freight traffic between the countries.[12]

The Endemic sturgeons of the Amur River paper identifies the kaluga and Amur sturgeon as endemic species.[13][14] According to "The fishes of the Amur River: updated check-list and zoogeography," the most numerous fish species in the Amur belong to the Gobioninae subfamily within Cypriniformes, with Salmonidae being the second most abundant group.[3]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Muranov, "Amur River"; Амур (река в Азии), Great Soviet Encyclopedia; Амур (река в Азии), Great Soviet Encyclopedia; Eugene A., "Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader", Ecosystems, 2008 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: C. Michael Hogan. 2012. Amur River. Encyclopedia of Earth. Topic ed. Peter Saundry; Farkas, B., T. Ziegler, C.T. Pham, A.V. Ong and U. Fritz (2019). A new species of Pelodiscus from northeastern Indochina (Testudines, Trionychidae). ZooKeys 824; Yi Zhang; Xu Lu; Shaoxiao Zeng; Xuhui Huang; Zebin Guo; Yafeng Zheng; Yuting Tian; Baodong Zheng (2015). "Nutritional composition, physiological functions and p (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: The fishes of the Amur River:updated check-list and zoogeography; Sokolova, "Impact of Deforestation on Streamflow in the Amur River Basin", Geosciences, June 2019, p. 262 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lasserre, "The Amur River border. Once a symbol of conflict, could it turn into a water resource stake?", Cybergeo, 27 June 2003; Mao, "Wetland changes in the Amur River Basin: Differing trends and proximate causes on the Chinese and Russian sides", Journal of Environmental Management, 15 February 2021 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Untitled Document" (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Peter Bellwood; Immanuel Ness (10 November 2014). The Global Prehistory of Human Migration. John Wiley & Sons. p. 227. . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: L. Carrington Godrich, Chaoying Fang (editors), "Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644". Volume I (A-L). Columbia University Press, 1976.; Shih-Shan Henry Tsai, "Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle". Published by University of Washington Press, 2002. Partial text on Google Books. pp. 158-1 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Du Halde, "Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise", P.G. Lemercier, 2017-01-10, p. 15–16 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Source elevation derived from Google Earth (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. "Untitled Document". facts only, no text reused. amur-heilong.net
  12. Amy Woodyatt, "Russia and China complete border crossing bridge", CNN, December 1, 2019. facts only, no text reused. cnn.com
  13. Mikhail L. Krykhtin, "Endemic sturgeons of the Amur River: kaluga, Huso dauricus, and Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii", Environmental Biology of Fishes (1997), doi:10.1023/a:1007358027263. OpenAlex metadata CC0; paper not read. doi.org
  14. Wikipedia, "Amur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Endemic sturgeons of the Amur River: kaluga, Huso dauricus, and Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrencki (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Amur (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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