Andaman Sea
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via Wikipedia: Andaman Sea · see source
The Andaman Sea is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean, bounded by Myanmar, Thailand, and the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.[1] Its climate is determined by the monsoons of southeast Asia, with stable air temperatures around 26 °C in February and 27 °C in August.[2][3] During the summer months, the Andaman Sea receives the majority of its annual precipitation, which can total up to 3,000 mm.[3]
Geography and history
The northern and eastern parts of the basin are shallow, with the continental shelf off Myanmar and Thailand extending over 200 km.[2] The Irrawaddy River flows into the sea from the north through Myanmar, depositing silt that makes the northern and eastern parts shallower than 180 m.[4] A tectonic plate boundary runs north–south on the seabed between the Burma Plate and the Sunda Plate.[5] This boundary results in high seismic activity, and on 26 December 2004 a megathrust earthquake of magnitude 9.3 occurred here.[6]
The "Andaman or Burma Sea" has its boundaries set by the International Hydrographic Organization.[1] Because of the extensive continental shelf, roughly 45% of the Andaman Sea's basin lies in waters shallower than 500 meters.[2] The 2004 earthquake caused a tsunami estimated at 28 meters high, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 280,000 individuals along the Indian Ocean's coastline.[6]
What the cited sources add
The study by S. R. Kiran (2017) explains that Equatorial Wyrtki jets remotely force downwelling Kelvin waves in the basin during April and October.[7] The same study characterizes the circulation in the Andaman Sea by gyres or vortices, which are the manifestation of Rossby waves of semi-annual mode.[7] A 2005 news report by Tom Paulson states that scientists found evidence that the 2004 tsunami waves in Sumatra were two to three times larger than earlier estimates.[8] The BBC reported on 25 January 2005 that the total death toll throughout the region reached 280,000.[9]
The OECD publication "Review of Fisheries in OECD Countries 2005" notes that Thailand harvested about 943,000 t of fish in 2005.[10][11]
References
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition", International Hydrographic Organization, 1953 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: S. R. Kiran (2017) General Circulation and Principal Wave Modes in Andaman Sea from Observations, Indian Journal of Science and Technology (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Andaman Sea, Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Andaman Sea, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line; Andaman Sea, Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: J.R. Curray, "2002 Chapman Conference on Continent – Ocean Interactions within the East Asian Marginal Seas", Tectonics and History of the Andaman Sea Region (abstract) (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Geist, "Implications of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake on Tsunami Forecast and Assessment Models for Great Subduction-Zone Earthquakes", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2007, p. S249–S2; Tom Paulson (7 February 2005) New findings super-size our tsunami threat. 80-foot waves blasted Indonesia, scientists now say, Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Indonesia quake toll jumps again, BBC, 25 January 2005 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- "My Reflections, Official Webpage of S. R. Kiran(2017)". facts only, no text reused. web.archive.org
- Tom Paulson (7 February 2005) New findings super-size our tsunami threat. 80-foot waves blasted Indonesia, scientists now say, Seattle Post-Intelligencer. facts only, no text reused. web.archive.org
- Indonesia quake toll jumps again, BBC, 25 January 2005. facts only, no text reused. news.bbc.co.uk
- Wikipedia, "Andaman Sea" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Review of Fisheries in OECD Countries: Policies and Summary Statistics 2005", OECD Publishing, 20 December 2005, p. 403 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9789264009042 ("Review of Fisheries in OECD Countries 2005 (Review of Fisheries in O E C D Member Countries)"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Andaman Sea (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Andaman Sea (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Word definitions: the Codexery glossary, each quoted from its Wikipedia article.
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