{"https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hamburg/": {"t": "Hamburg", "s": "Second-largest German city and major Hanseatic port."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/prague/": {"t": "Prague", "s": "City of a Hundred Spires"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/high-german-languages/": {"t": "High German languages", "s": "High German dialects underwent the consonant shift from about AD 500."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/swedish-language/": {"t": "Swedish language", "s": "North Germanic language spoken in Sweden and parts of Finland."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/confluence/": {"t": "Confluence", "s": "Where two or more watercourses join to form a single channel."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/drainage-basin/": {"t": "Drainage basin", "s": "A land area where surface water converges to a single outlet."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/basalt/": {"t": "Basalt", "s": "Fine-grained volcanic rock covering most of Earth's surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/basalt.webp", "c": "Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/floodplain/": {"t": "Floodplain", "s": "Floodplains are fertile, flood-prone river-adjacent lands."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/kiel-canal/": {"t": "Kiel Canal", "s": "A 98 km freshwater shortcut linking the North Sea to the Baltic Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/img/canals-and-waterways/kiel-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kiel Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/germanic-languages/": {"t": "Germanic languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-European including English, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-bengal/": {"t": "Bay of Bengal", "s": "Northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, rich in history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-bengal.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. NormanEinstein assumed (based on copyright claims). · via Wikipedia: Bay of Bengal · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/uttarakhand/": {"t": "Uttarakhand", "s": "Northern Indian state with Himalayan geography and religious significance."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yamuna/": {"t": "Yamuna", "s": "Second-largest tributary of the Ganges, sacred river and goddess in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/west-bengal/": {"t": "West Bengal", "s": "A state of eastern India, rich in history, culture, and diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/brahmaputra-river/": {"t": "Brahmaputra River", "s": "A trans-boundary river sacred to Hindus, known for its braided course.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/brahmaputra-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Brahmaputra River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/river-source/": {"t": "River source", "s": "Geographic point where a river's flow begins."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-mythology/e/hindu-mythology/hindu-mythology/": {"t": "Hindu mythology", "s": "Myths from Hindu texts, foundational to society and theology."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/pataliputra/": {"t": "Pataliputra", "s": "Ancient Indian capital city at the confluence of the Son and Ganges."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/varanasi/": {"t": "Varanasi", "s": "The luminous city on the Ganges, ancient seat of learning and liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/mammal/": {"t": "Mammal", "s": "Vertebrate class defined by mammary glands and three middle ear bones.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/mammal.webp", "c": "Hannah Ritchie and Klara Auerbach · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-water-chemistry/e/aquarium-water-chemistry/fecal-coliform/": {"t": "Fecal coliform", "s": "Indicator of potential fecal contamination in water."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/uttar-pradesh/": {"t": "Uttar Pradesh", "s": "India's most populous state, a historic heartland of empires and pilgrimage."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/prayagraj/": {"t": "Prayagraj", "s": "The king of confluences, where rivers and history meet."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/bihar/": {"t": "Bihar", "s": "Land of ancient Buddhist monasteries and the birthplace of empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/bihar.webp", "c": "Nirinsanity · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/distributary/": {"t": "Distributary", "s": "A stream channel that branches away from a main river."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/discharge-hydrology/": {"t": "Discharge (hydrology)", "s": "Volumetric flow rate of a stream, measured as volume per time."}, "/e/rivers-and-lakes/ganges/": {"t": "Ganges", "s": "The Ganges: sacred lifeline of India and Bangladesh, second-largest river system by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/ganges.webp", "c": "Picture Prefect ! · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/maharashtra/": {"t": "Maharashtra", "s": "Land of the Deccan Plateau and India's financial heart", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/maharashtra.webp", "c": "Own work based on user:Chumwa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/telangana/": {"t": "Telangana", "s": "Telangana: Land of history, diamonds, and IT innovation on the Deccan Plateau."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/andhra-pradesh/": {"t": "Andhra Pradesh", "s": "The coastal gem of southern India, rich in history, culture, and natural resources.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/andhra-pradesh.webp", "c": "456legend · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/chhattisgarh/": {"t": "Chhattisgarh", "s": "The land of 36 forts, rich in resources and history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/chhattisgarh.webp", "c": "Thedurlav · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/odisha/": {"t": "Odisha", "s": "The Land of Kalinga and Utkaḷa"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/river-delta/": {"t": "River delta", "s": "Landform formed by sediment deposition at a river mouth."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea/": {"t": "Arabian Sea", "s": "A historically vital sea linking Old World trade networks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arabian Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/deccan-plateau/": {"t": "Deccan Plateau", "s": "Ancient plateau forming the bulk of the Indian peninsula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/deccan-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Deccan Plateau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/republic-of-ireland/": {"t": "Republic of Ireland", "s": "The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe, occupying 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526."}, "/e/rivers-and-lakes/krishna-river/": {"t": "Krishna River", "s": "India's third-longest river, flowing 1400 km across the Deccan Plateau to the Bay of Bengal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/krishna-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Krishna River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/vasishtha/": {"t": "Vasishtha", "s": "Vedic sage, author of Rigveda Mandala 7, and teacher of Rama."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/granite/": {"t": "Granite", "s": "A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, mica, and plagioclase.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/granite.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/karakoram/": {"t": "Karakoram", "s": "Second-highest mountain range on Earth, most glaciated outside polar regions."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/hindu-kush/": {"t": "Hindu Kush", "s": "Mountain range dividing the Amu Darya and Indus River valleys.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/hindu-kush.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hindu Kush · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/eurasian-plate/": {"t": "Eurasian plate", "s": "Tectonic plate covering most of Eurasia and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/punjab/": {"t": "Punjab", "s": "Historical region of five rivers in South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-indus-valley-civilization/": {"t": "The Indus Valley Civilization", "s": "One of four ancient centres of the world, spanning Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-hindu-mythology/e/places-in-hindu-mythology/gandhara/": {"t": "Gandhara", "s": "Ancient crossroads region famed for Greco-Buddhist art and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/darius-the-great/": {"t": "Darius the Great", "s": "Third Achaemenid King of Kings who centralized the empire."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "Achaemenid Empire", "s": "The largest empire of its time, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/urdu/": {"t": "Urdu", "s": "Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language and national lingua franca of Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/pashtuns/": {"t": "Pashtuns", "s": "Pashtuns are a tribal ethnic group primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan, with significant diaspora communities in India and elsewhere."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/andaman-sea/": {"t": "Andaman Sea", "s": "Marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean, bounded by Myanmar and Thailand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/andaman-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Andaman Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Hydroelectricity", "s": "Electricity generated from hydropower, a key low-carbon energy source."}, "https://codexery.com/sharks/e/reef-sharks/ganges-shark/": {"t": "Ganges shark", "s": "A rare, poorly known river shark with a disputed range.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sharks/img/reef-sharks/ganges-shark.webp", "c": "(Müller and Henle) · via Wikipedia: Ganges shark · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/pali/": {"t": "Pali", "s": "Sacred language of Theravada Buddhism and the Tipiṭaka."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "Rudyard Kipling", "s": "English writer, Nobel laureate — best known for tales of empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Literary nonsense · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/rapids/": {"t": "Rapids", "s": "River sections with steep gradient, increased velocity, and turbulence."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mandalay/": {"t": "Mandalay", "s": "Final royal capital of Burma, now Upper Myanmar's cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/magma/": {"t": "Magma", "s": "Molten rock beneath Earth's surface, source of all igneous rocks."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/salween-river/": {"t": "Salween River", "s": "A Southeast Asian river flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the Andaman Sea, known for its rugged canyons, ecological diversity, and contested history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/salween-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Salween River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/magnesium/": {"t": "Magnesium", "s": "Lightweight metal essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/altai-mountains/": {"t": "Altai Mountains", "s": "Central Asian mountain range where four nations converge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/img/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/altai-mountains.webp", "c": "Rudyologist · via Wikipedia: Altai Mountains · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkic-languages/": {"t": "Turkic languages", "s": "The Turkic languages form a family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast stretch of Eurasia—from Southeastern and Eastern Euro"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/iranian-languages/": {"t": "Iranian languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-Iranian languages spoken by Iranian peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/omsk/": {"t": "Omsk", "s": "The quiet one on the Irtysh"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/uzbekistan/": {"t": "Uzbekistan", "s": "Doubly landlocked Central Asian republic with ancient Silk Road heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/steppe/": {"t": "Steppe", "s": "Grassland ecoregion with semi-arid climate and extreme temperatures."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/astana/": {"t": "Astana", "s": "Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan, situated on the banks of the Ishim River in the northern part of the country."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/endorheic-basin/": {"t": "Endorheic basin", "s": "Closed drainage basins with no outflow to oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/mongols/": {"t": "Mongols", "s": "East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and parts of China and Siberia."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/dzungar-khanate/": {"t": "Dzungar Khanate", "s": "Last nomadic empire of the Oirat Mongols, spanning Central Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/semey/": {"t": "Semey", "s": "City on the Irtysh, former nuclear test site and regional capital."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/dead-sea/": {"t": "Dead Sea", "s": "Lowest land elevation on Earth, deepest hypersaline lake, 9.6 times saltier than the ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/dead-sea.webp", "c": "Hoshvilim · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/egyptian-language/": {"t": "Egyptian language", "s": "An extinct Afro-Asiatic language of ancient Egypt, with a written record spanning over 5,000 years."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hebrew-language/": {"t": "Hebrew language", "s": "A revived Canaanite language, once extinct, now spoken by millions."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/meander/": {"t": "Meander", "s": "Sinuous stream-channel curves built by bank erosion and sediment deposition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/meander.webp", "c": "USDA & Mysid · via Wikipedia: Meander · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/catfish/": {"t": "Catfish", "s": "Diverse ray-finned fish known for barbels and lack of scales.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/catfish.webp", "c": "authors of the images used: \n\nHalbsHännile\nThomsonmg2000\nGuillermo Enrique Terán, Juliano Ferrer, Mauricio Benitez, Felipe Alonso, Gastón Aguilera, Juan Marcos  · via Wikipedia: Catfish · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/cichlid/": {"t": "Cichlid", "s": "Diverse fish family known for rapid evolution and parental care.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/cichlid.webp", "c": "Photograph by Mike Peel (www.mikepeel.net). · via Wikipedia: Cichlid · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/blennies/e/blennies/blenniiformes/": {"t": "Blenniiformes", "s": "An order of percomorph fish including blennies and damselfish."}, "/e/rivers-and-lakes/godavari-river/": {"t": "Godavari River", "s": "India's second longest river, the Godavari flows 1465 km from Maharashtra to the Bay of Bengal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/godavari-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/karnataka/": {"t": "Karnataka", "s": "The Land of Elevated Heritage and Innovation", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/karnataka.webp", "c": "Rajeshodayanchal · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rocks-and-minerals/e/rocks-and-minerals/dolomite-rock/": {"t": "Dolomite (rock)", "s": "A sedimentary carbonate rock rich in the mineral dolomite."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "Tamil Nadu", "s": "The land of Tamils, with a history spanning over 5,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-water-chemistry/e/aquarium-water-chemistry/alkalinity/": {"t": "Alkalinity", "s": "Alkalinity measures water's capacity to resist acidification via buffer strength."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/white-nile/": {"t": "White Nile", "s": "Longer but less voluminous tributary of the Nile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/white-nile.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Nile · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-victoria/": {"t": "Lake Victoria", "s": "Africa's largest lake by area and source of the Nile."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-edward/": {"t": "Lake Edward", "s": "African Great Lake on the DRC-Uganda border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-edward.webp", "c": "Edward H. Mitchell · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-malawi/": {"t": "Lake Malawi", "s": "The fourth largest freshwater lake by volume, home to more fish species than any other lake.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-malawi.webp", "c": "Salix Oculus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-kivu/": {"t": "Lake Kivu", "s": "African Great Lake with dangerous dissolved methane and carbon dioxide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-kivu.webp", "c": "Hanah136 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity/": {"t": "Electrical resistivity and conductivity", "s": "Resistivity measures opposition to current; conductivity is its reciprocal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity.webp", "c": "Wolff, F.A.; Dellinger, J.H. · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/freshwater-fish/e/freshwater-fish/nile-perch/": {"t": "Nile perch", "s": "A fierce freshwater predator, the Nile perch is both a vital food fish and one of the world's worst invasive species.", "i": "https://codexery.com/freshwater-fish/img/freshwater-fish/nile-perch.webp", "c": "Daiju Azuma · via Wikipedia: Nile perch · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/invasive-species/": {"t": "Invasive species", "s": "Introduced species that cause ecological or economic harm."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/locust/": {"t": "Locust", "s": "Swarming grasshoppers that form plagues since prehistory."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mobutu-sese-seko/": {"t": "Mobutu Sese Seko", "s": "First and only president of Zaire, known for totalitarian rule."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/angara/": {"t": "Angara", "s": "Major Siberian river draining Lake Baikal into the Yenisey."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eurasia/": {"t": "Eurasia", "s": "The largest continental area on Earth, spanning Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/rift-valley/": {"t": "Rift valley", "s": "Linear lowland formed by tectonic pulling apart of the lithosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sediment/": {"t": "Sediment", "s": "Loose particles transported and deposited by natural processes."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/hummock/": {"t": "Hummock", "s": "Small mounds formed by landslides, frost, or peat in varied landscapes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/hummock.webp", "c": "TheFurther21 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/e/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/ceratophyllum/": {"t": "Ceratophyllum", "s": "Cosmopolitan aquatic genus lacking roots and stomata."}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/e/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/potamogeton/": {"t": "Potamogeton", "s": "A widespread genus of aquatic plants known as pondweeds."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/green-algae/": {"t": "Green algae", "s": "Green algae are the photosynthetic ancestors of all land plants."}, "https://codexery.com/marine-green-macroalgae/e/marine-green-macroalgae/ulothrix/": {"t": "Ulothrix", "s": "A cosmopolitan genus of unbranched green algal filaments.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-green-macroalgae/img/marine-green-macroalgae/ulothrix.webp", "c": "T.Voekler · via Wikipedia: Ulothrix · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aral-sea/": {"t": "Aral Sea", "s": "The southern remnant of the former Aral Sea, split into eastern and western basins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aral-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aral Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kazakh-language/": {"t": "Kazakh language", "s": "Turkic language of Kazakhstan with vowel harmony and agglutinative structure."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/tian-shan/": {"t": "Tian Shan", "s": "Central Asia's majestic Tian Shan: sacred peaks, ancient glaciers, and a World Heritage site.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/img/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/tian-shan.webp", "c": "Maryliflower · via Wikipedia: Tian Shan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/turkic-peoples/": {"t": "Turkic peoples", "s": "A collection of diverse ethnic groups speaking Turkic languages, originating in Central-East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/schist/": {"t": "Schist", "s": "Medium-grained metamorphic rock with pronounced schistosity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/schist.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/drought/": {"t": "Drought", "s": "A period of drier-than-normal conditions with far-reaching impacts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/drought.webp", "c": "Cavaliere grande · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/evaporation/": {"t": "Evaporation", "s": "Surface vaporization process driven by heat and molecular kinetics."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/tree-species/willow/": {"t": "Willow", "s": "Willows are diverse trees and shrubs of the genus Salix."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts-of-africa/e/languages-and-scripts-of-africa/kanuri-language/": {"t": "Kanuri language", "s": "Saharan language of the Kanem and Bornu empires."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/niger-river/": {"t": "Niger River", "s": "Main river of West Africa, third-longest in Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/niger-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niger River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/sahel/": {"t": "Sahel", "s": "Transition zone between Sahara and Sudanian savannas."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/pottery/": {"t": "Pottery", "s": "One of the oldest human inventions, fired clay objects."}, "https://codexery.com/african-folklore/e/african-folklore/sao-civilisation/": {"t": "Sao civilisation", "s": "Earliest civilization with clear traces in Chad and Cameroon."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/nomad/": {"t": "Nomad", "s": "Mobile communities moving for food, pasture, or trade."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sokoto-caliphate/": {"t": "Sokoto Caliphate", "s": "A Sunni Muslim caliphate founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sokoto-caliphate.webp", "c": "Orange Tuesday (talk) · via Wikipedia: Sokoto Caliphate · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "French colonial empire", "s": "Overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandates under French rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire.webp", "c": "M. G. Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/sudan/": {"t": "Sudan", "s": "Northeast African nation with ancient kingdoms and modern conflicts."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/fault-geology/": {"t": "Fault (geology)", "s": "A fracture in rock where displacement occurs, causing earthquakes."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/depression-geology/": {"t": "Depression (geology)", "s": "A sunken landform formed by various geological mechanisms."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/el-ni-o-southern-oscillation/": {"t": "El Niño–Southern Oscillation", "s": "A global climate phenomenon driven by winds and sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/el-ni-o-southern-oscillation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: El Niño–Southern Oscillation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/reservoir/": {"t": "Reservoir", "s": "Artificial lake created by a dam to store fresh water."}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/e/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/cyperus-papyrus/": {"t": "Cyperus papyrus", "s": "Ancient source of papyrus paper and iconic aquatic sedge."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/welland-canal/": {"t": "Welland Canal", "s": "Ship canal in Ontario, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/ohio/": {"t": "Ohio", "s": "Midwestern U.S. state, birthplace of seven presidents and aviation."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/toledo-ohio/": {"t": "Toledo, Ohio", "s": "Major Midwest trade center and fifth-busiest Great Lakes port."}, "/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-huron/": {"t": "Lake Huron", "s": "Second-largest Great Lake by surface area, third-largest by volume.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-huron.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Huron · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls/": {"t": "Niagara Falls", "s": "Thundering waters at the border of Canada and the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niagara Falls · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/wyandot-people/": {"t": "Wyandot people", "s": "Indigenous people of the Great Lakes, formed from Petun and Wendat refugees."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan/": {"t": "Lake Michigan", "s": "The only Great Lake entirely within the United States, and the world's largest lake by area in a single country.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan.webp", "c": "Michael Barera · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior/": {"t": "Lake Superior", "s": "Largest freshwater lake by surface area in the world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior.webp", "c": "Phizzy ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie/": {"t": "Lake Erie", "s": "Southernmost, shallowest Great Lake with shortest water residence time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Erie · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario/": {"t": "Lake Ontario", "s": "The easternmost Great Lake, outlet to the Atlantic via the Saint Lawrence River.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario.webp", "c": "Dougtone · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/st-lawrence-river/": {"t": "St. Lawrence River", "s": "Major North American river connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/st-lawrence-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Lawrence River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians/": {"t": "Paleo-Indians", "s": "First peoples of the Americas during the Late Pleistocene.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians.webp", "c": "NPS · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/ren-robert-cavelier-sieur-de-la-salle/": {"t": "René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle", "s": "French explorer who claimed the Mississippi basin for France."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/zambezi/": {"t": "Zambezi", "s": "Fourth-longest African river, largest east-flowing into the Indian Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/three-gorges-dam/": {"t": "Three Gorges Dam", "s": "World's largest power station by installed capacity (22,500 MW).", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/three-gorges-dam.webp", "c": "NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Space Systems, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seafood/e/seafood/sardine/": {"t": "Sardine", "s": "Small, oily forage fish with a rich history and global culinary importance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seafood/img/seafood/sardine.webp", "c": "TANAKA Juuyoh (田中十洋) · via Wikipedia: Sardine · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/cormorant/": {"t": "Cormorant", "s": "Medium-to-large fish-eating seabirds with hooked bills and webbed feet, found worldwide except the central Pacific islands."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/endangered/african-elephant/": {"t": "African Elephant", "s": "The two elephant species of Africa, the largest land animals alive and both at risk of extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/endangered/african-elephant.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: African elephant · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/neva/": {"t": "Neva", "s": "River in northwestern Russia, fourth-largest in Europe by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/neva.webp", "c": "Deror_avi · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-baikal/": {"t": "Lake Baikal", "s": "World's deepest and oldest freshwater lake by volume.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-baikal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Baikal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/republic-of-karelia/": {"t": "Republic of Karelia", "s": "A republic of Russia in the northwest, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/methane/": {"t": "Methane", "s": "Simplest alkane, main component of natural gas, potent greenhouse gas."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/e/moons-of-saturn/titan-moon/": {"t": "Titan (moon)", "s": "Saturn's largest moon, with a thick atmosphere and liquid lakes."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/finnish-language/": {"t": "Finnish language", "s": "A Finnic language of the Uralic family, spoken by millions in Finland and diaspora communities."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/metathesis-linguistics/": {"t": "Metathesis (linguistics)", "s": "Transposition of sounds or syllables in words or sentences."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/castles-in-russia/vyborg/": {"t": "Vyborg", "s": "Medieval fortress town on the Karelian Isthmus with a contested history."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-onega/": {"t": "Lake Onega", "s": "Second-largest lake in Europe, rich in islands, petroglyphs, and wooden architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-onega.webp", "c": "Antonio Bonanno from Milan (Italy), Italy · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/adelaide/": {"t": "Adelaide", "s": "Capital of South Australia, founded as a free colony.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/adelaide.webp", "c": "Photograph by Doug Barber · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/simpson-desert/": {"t": "Simpson Desert", "s": "A vast red desert with the world's longest parallel sand dunes."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/national-park/": {"t": "National park", "s": "Preserving wild nature for posterity and national pride."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/caspian-tern/": {"t": "Caspian tern", "s": "World's largest tern, with a scattered global distribution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/caspian-tern.webp", "c": "Andrew C · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/dry-season/": {"t": "Dry season", "s": "A yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/dry-season.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/aeolian-processes/": {"t": "Aeolian processes", "s": "Wind-driven processes that shape Earth's surface through erosion, transport, and deposition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/aeolian-processes.webp", "c": "Laurent Deschodt · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/anticline/": {"t": "Anticline", "s": "Arch-like fold with oldest rocks at core, key for oil traps."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wet-season/": {"t": "Wet season", "s": "The time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs, lasting at least one month."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/crustacean/": {"t": "Crustacean", "s": "Mandibulate arthropods with biramous limbs and a nauplius larval stage."}}