{"/e/rioni-of-rome/borgo-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Borgo (rione of Rome)", "s": "Borgo is the 14th rione of Rome, a forecourt to Saint Peter's."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/esquilino-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Esquilino (rione of Rome)", "s": "Cosmopolitan rione on the Esquiline Hill."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/monti-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Monti (rione of Rome)", "s": "First rione of Rome, rich in ancient and medieval history."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/prati/": {"t": "Prati", "s": "Rione of Rome near the Vatican, built after 1883."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/trastevere/": {"t": "Trastevere", "s": "Rione XIII on the west bank of the Tiber."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-benedict-xiv/": {"t": "Pope Benedict XIV", "s": "Scholar, reformer, and pope who balanced faith with enlightenment."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/trevi-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Trevi (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione of Rome with the famous Trevi Fountain."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/colonna-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Colonna (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione named after the Column of Marcus Aurelius."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/campo-marzio/": {"t": "Campo Marzio", "s": "Rione IV of Rome, with a silver crescent logo."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/ponte-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Ponte (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione named after Hadrian's bridge to his mausoleum."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/parione/": {"t": "Parione", "s": "Sixth rione of Rome, named for a large ancient wall."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/regola/": {"t": "Regola", "s": "Seventh rione of Rome, named for Tiber sand deposits."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/sant-eustachio-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Sant'Eustachio (rione of Rome)", "s": "The 8th rione of Rome, named after its church."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/as-roma/e/stadiums/lazio-region/": {"t": "Lazio Region", "s": "The home of the Yellow and Reds, where the Derby della Capitale defines Roman football."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/sant-angelo-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Sant'Angelo (rione of Rome)", "s": "Smallest rione of Rome, site of the Roman Ghetto."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-etruscans/": {"t": "The Etruscans", "s": "Ancient Italian civilization of city-states with a distinct language and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/tarquinia/": {"t": "Tarquinia", "s": "Home to some of the world's most important Etruscan painted tombs."}, "https://codexery.com/culture-of-ancient-rome/e/culture-of-ancient-rome/roman-gardens/": {"t": "Roman gardens", "s": "Roman gardens blended Persian, Egyptian, and Greek influences."}, "https://codexery.com/mothers-of-roman-emperors/e/mothers-of-roman-emperors/agrippina-the-elder/": {"t": "Agrippina the Elder", "s": "Mother of Caligula, grandmother of Nero, and wife of Germanicus."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-roman-triumphators/e/ancient-roman-triumphators/germanicus/": {"t": "Germanicus", "s": "Roman general who avenged Teutoburg Forest and recovered legionary eagles."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/caligula/": {"t": "Caligula", "s": "Third Roman emperor, ruling from AD 37 until his assassination."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/obelisk/": {"t": "Obelisk", "s": "A tapered stone monument with ancient Egyptian origins."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hadrian/": {"t": "Hadrian", "s": "Roman emperor from 117 to 138, builder of Hadrian's Wall and a promoter of philhellenism."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/martyr/": {"t": "Martyr", "s": "A witness who suffers death for a religious or political cause."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/constantine-the-great/": {"t": "Constantine the Great", "s": "First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica/": {"t": "St. Peter's Basilica", "s": "The Vatican's Renaissance basilica over the traditional tomb of Saint Peter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Peter's Basilica · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/castel-sant-angelo/": {"t": "Castel Sant'Angelo", "s": "From imperial mausoleum to papal fortress and museum.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castles/img/castles/castel-sant-angelo.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Castel Sant'Angelo · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/saxons/": {"t": "Saxons", "s": "Germanic people of early medieval Old Saxony, conquered by Charlemagne."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/lombards/": {"t": "Lombards", "s": "Germanic conquerors of Italy, from the Elbe to the Po."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/aurelian/": {"t": "Aurelian", "s": "Restored the Roman Empire's territorial integrity through military victories."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/raphael/": {"t": "Raphael", "s": "High Renaissance painter and architect, known for clarity and harmony."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-divine-comedy/": {"t": "The Divine Comedy", "s": "Three-part poem on the soul's journey through the afterlife."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/celio-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Celio (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione near the Colosseo with a working-class character."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/pigna-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Pigna (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione of Rome named for its bronze pine cone symbol."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/ripa-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Ripa (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione XII of Rome, named for the ancient river port."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/michelangelo/": {"t": "Michelangelo", "s": "Italian High Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/michelangelo.webp", "c": "Attributed to Daniele da Volterra · via Wikipedia: Michelangelo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/colosseum/e/colosseum/via-dei-fori-imperiali/": {"t": "Via dei Fori Imperiali", "s": "A road built to reveal ancient Roman Imperial fora."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-colosseum/": {"t": "The Colosseum", "s": "Largest ancient amphitheatre, symbol of Imperial Rome."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/ludovisi-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "Ludovisi (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione born from the 1886 convention for Villa Ludovisi."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-julius-ii/": {"t": "Pope Julius II", "s": "The Warrior Pope who led armies and commissioned masterpieces."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-leo-x/": {"t": "Pope Leo X", "s": "Pope Leo X was the last pope not to have been in priestly orders at the time of his election."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/sallustiano/": {"t": "Sallustiano", "s": "Rione named for the ancient Gardens of Sallust."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/rioni-of-rome/": {"t": "Rioni of Rome", "s": "Traditional administrative districts of Rome, originating in the Middle Ages."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-roman-triumphators/e/ancient-roman-triumphators/tiberius/": {"t": "Tiberius", "s": "Second Roman emperor and successful general who expanded the northern frontier."}, "https://codexery.com/true-cross/e/true-cross/santa-croce-in-gerusalemme/": {"t": "Santa Croce in Gerusalemme", "s": "Roman basilica housing Passion relics, built on an imperial villa."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/piedmont/": {"t": "Piedmont", "s": "Northwest Italian region, historic heart of Italian unification."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/campitelli/": {"t": "Campitelli", "s": "Rione X, home to the Roman Forum and Campidoglio."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/san-saba-rione-of-rome/": {"t": "San Saba (rione of Rome)", "s": "Rione on the Aventine Hill, named after its basilica."}, "https://codexery.com/colosseum/e/colosseum/colosseo-rome-metro/": {"t": "Colosseo (Rome Metro)", "s": "Rome Metro interchange station near the Colosseum with archaeological exhibits."}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/castro-pretorio/": {"t": "Castro Pretorio", "s": "Rione named after the Praetorian Guard barracks within the Aurelian Walls."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/suetonius/": {"t": "Suetonius", "s": "Roman historian and biographer of the Twelve Caesars"}, "/e/rioni-of-rome/testaccio/": {"t": "Testaccio", "s": "Rione of Rome named after Monte Testaccio."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-fascism/e/italian-fascism/chamber-of-fasces-and-corporations/": {"t": "Chamber of Fasces and Corporations", "s": "Corporatist lower house of Fascist Italy's legislature."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/domitian/": {"t": "Domitian", "s": "Last of the Flavians: Ruthless autocrat who expanded Rome's borders and rebuilt the city, but was assassinated and condemned by the Senate."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/pompey/": {"t": "Pompey", "s": "Roman general and statesman, rival of Julius Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/pompey.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · via Wikipedia: Pompey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/northern-italy/": {"t": "Northern Italy", "s": "Northern Italy: economic core and cultural heart of the country."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gian-lorenzo-bernini/": {"t": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "s": "The Michelangelo of his century"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/francesco-borromini/": {"t": "Francesco Borromini", "s": "Italian Baroque architect known for inventive, idiosyncratic designs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/francesco-borromini.webp", "c": "AnonymousUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Francesco Borromini · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures-of-birds/e/sculptures-of-birds/fontana-della-pigna/": {"t": "Fontana della Pigna", "s": "Ancient Roman fountain featuring a giant bronze pine cone."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dante-alighieri/": {"t": "Dante Alighieri", "s": "Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-nouveau/": {"t": "Art Nouveau", "s": "Whiplash curves, plant forms and iron and glass: the international style of the Belle Époque.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/img/art-movements-and-styles/art-nouveau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Art Nouveau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and author who transformed the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/cuisine-of-lazio/e/cuisine-of-lazio/coda-alla-vaccinara/": {"t": "Coda alla vaccinara", "s": "Roman oxtail stew with celery and sweet-sour flavors."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/iconoclasm/": {"t": "Iconoclasm", "s": "The belief in the importance of destroying icons and images, often for religious or political reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leo-iii-the-isaurian/": {"t": "Leo III the Isaurian", "s": "Byzantine emperor who ended anarchy and banned icon veneration."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alaric-i/": {"t": "Alaric I", "s": "First king of the Visigoths who sacked Rome in 410."}, "https://codexery.com/aphrodite/e/aphrodite/venus-mythology/": {"t": "Venus (mythology)", "s": "Roman goddess of love, beauty, desire, and ancestral mother of Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/friuli/": {"t": "Friuli", "s": "Historical region of northeast Italy with a distinct Friulian identity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-roman-triumphators/e/ancient-roman-triumphators/lucullus/": {"t": "Lucullus", "s": "Roman general who conquered eastern kingdoms and lived luxuriously."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/calabria/": {"t": "Calabria", "s": "Southern Italian region with Greek roots and linguistic diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/basilica/": {"t": "Basilica", "s": "Ancient Roman public building, later adapted for Christian worship."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-gymnastics-venues/e/olympic-gymnastics-venues/baths-of-caracalla/": {"t": "Baths of Caracalla", "s": "Roman baths turned 1960 Olympic gymnastics venue."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/weighing-scale/": {"t": "Weighing scale", "s": "A device for measuring mass or weight using equilibrium."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/guild/": {"t": "Guild", "s": "Professional associations regulating craft and trade across eras and regions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/guild.webp", "c": "Sam.Donvil · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/lottery/": {"t": "Lottery", "s": "A form of gambling with random number draws for prizes."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-fascism/e/italian-fascism/italian-fascism/": {"t": "Italian fascism", "s": "Original fascist ideology developed in Italy by Mussolini and Gentile."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/economy-of-ancient-rome/e/economy-of-ancient-rome/monte-testaccio/": {"t": "Monte Testaccio", "s": "Ancient Roman mound of discarded olive oil amphorae.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economy-of-ancient-rome/img/economy-of-ancient-rome/monte-testaccio.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Monte Testaccio · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-kingdom/": {"t": "Roman Kingdom", "s": "Earliest period of Roman history, ruled by kings."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hebrew-language/": {"t": "Hebrew language", "s": "A revived Canaanite language, once extinct, now spoken by millions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/catullus/": {"t": "Catullus", "s": "Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic"}, "https://codexery.com/experimental-musical-groups/e/experimental-musical-groups/musica-elettronica-viva/": {"t": "Musica Elettronica Viva", "s": "Live acoustic/electronic improvisational group formed in Rome, 1966."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/e/auteur-film-directors/sergio-leone/": {"t": "Sergio Leone", "s": "The Roman director who invented the spaghetti Western and remade the myth of the American West.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/img/auteur-film-directors/sergio-leone.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sergio Leone · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-urban-viii/": {"t": "Pope Urban VIII", "s": "Pope who expanded papal territory, opposed Copernicanism, and left a legacy of debt."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/trevi-fountain/": {"t": "Trevi Fountain", "s": "The largest Baroque fountain in the world, where coins and history flow.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/trevi-fountain.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Trevi Fountain · see source"}}