{"/e/richard-i-of-england/philip-of-cognac/": {"t": "Philip of Cognac", "s": "Illegitimate son of Richard I of England."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/characters/henry-ii-of-england/": {"t": "Henry II of England", "s": "First Plantagenet king of England and ruler of the Angevin Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/eleanor-of-aquitaine/": {"t": "Eleanor of Aquitaine", "s": "Duchess of Aquitaine, queen of France and England, and powerful medieval ruler."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/third-crusade/": {"t": "Third Crusade", "s": "A failed attempt to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/trifels-castle/": {"t": "Trifels Castle", "s": "Reconstructed medieval castle and former prison of Richard the Lionheart."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/characters/saladin/": {"t": "Saladin", "s": "Founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and Sultan of Egypt and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/middle-english/": {"t": "Middle English", "s": "Middle English was the language of England after the Norman Conquest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/middle-english.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle English · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/duchy-of-aquitaine/": {"t": "Duchy of Aquitaine", "s": "The great duchy of south-west France that passed to the Angevin kings."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/angevin-empire/": {"t": "Angevin Empire", "s": "A composite monarchy of the Plantagenets spanning England and much of France."}, "https://codexery.com/mothers-of-holy-roman-emperors/e/mothers-of-holy-roman-emperors/matilda-of-england-duchess-of-saxony/": {"t": "Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony", "s": "English princess and Duchess consort of Saxony and Bavaria."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-king-of-england/": {"t": "John, King of England", "s": "King of England who sealed Magna Carta and lost the Angevin Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/characters/william-the-conqueror/": {"t": "William the Conqueror", "s": "Duke of Normandy who conquered England in 1066."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-the-great/": {"t": "Alfred the Great", "s": "King of the West Saxons and Anglo-Saxons; defeated Vikings and reformed England."}, "https://codexery.com/nixies/e/nixies/melusine/": {"t": "Melusine", "s": "A water spirit and legendary ancestress of European noble houses."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/normans/": {"t": "Normans", "s": "From Norse raiders to rulers of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/ch-teau-de-taillebourg/": {"t": "Château de Taillebourg", "s": "Ruined medieval castle overlooking the Charente valley."}, "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/e/marriage-and-kinship/mistress-lover/": {"t": "Mistress (lover)", "s": "A long-term female lover of a married man, often kept."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/westminster-abbey/": {"t": "Westminster Abbey", "s": "A royal peculiar and national Valhalla.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/westminster-abbey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Westminster Abbey · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/archbishop-of-canterbury/": {"t": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "s": "Senior bishop and primate of the Church of England, spiritual leader of the Anglican Communion."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/acre-israel/": {"t": "Acre, Israel", "s": "Ancient port city, Crusader bastion, and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/byzantine-empire/": {"t": "Byzantine Empire", "s": "The Eastern Roman Empire, ruled from Constantinople until 1453."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/corfu/": {"t": "Corfu", "s": "Northernmost Ionian island, ancient naval power, Venetian fortress."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/aquileia/": {"t": "Aquileia", "s": "Roman colony, early Christian hub, sacked by Attila."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/limousin/": {"t": "Limousin", "s": "Former administrative region of southwest-central France, least populated in metropolitan France."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-legends/e/medieval-legends/blondel-de-nesle/": {"t": "Blondel de Nesle", "s": "French trouvère linked to a legend of King Richard I."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/e/mythological-and-legendary-figures/robin-hood/": {"t": "Robin Hood", "s": "Legendary English outlaw and folk hero.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/img/mythological-and-legendary-figures/robin-hood.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robin Hood · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/benedictines/": {"t": "Benedictines", "s": "Oldest Latin Church order, following the Rule of Saint Benedict."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/martin-of-tours/": {"t": "Martin of Tours", "s": "Third bishop of Tours, patron saint of the French Third Republic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/martin-of-tours.webp", "c": "Simone Martini · via Wikipedia: Martin of Tours · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/huguenots/": {"t": "Huguenots", "s": "French Protestants of the Reformed tradition, persecuted and exiled under Louis XIV."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/berengaria-of-navarre/": {"t": "Berengaria of Navarre", "s": "Queen of England, wife of Richard I, never visited England as consort."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/richard-i-of-england/": {"t": "Richard I of England", "s": "King of England, crusader, and paragon of chivalry."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/new-kingdom-of-egypt/": {"t": "New Kingdom of Egypt", "s": "The most prosperous and powerful era of ancient Egypt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/new-kingdom-of-egypt.webp", "c": "ArdadN, Jeff Dahl · via Wikipedia: New Kingdom of Egypt · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-sea-peoples/": {"t": "The Sea Peoples", "s": "The Sea Peoples were a confederation of tribes that attacked Egypt and other areas around the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age, roughly 1200 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/true-cross/e/true-cross/battle-of-ascalon/": {"t": "Battle of Ascalon", "s": "Final battle of the First Crusade, a decisive Crusader victory."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/ashdod/": {"t": "Ashdod", "s": "Sixth-largest Israeli city with the country's largest port."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-israel/e/national-parks-of-israel/achziv/": {"t": "Achziv", "s": "Ancient Canaanite and Phoenician site, later a Palestinian town and Israeli park.", "i": "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-israel/img/national-parks-of-israel/achziv.webp", "c": "Lior Golgher • ליאור גולגר · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-amarna-letters/": {"t": "The Amarna Letters", "s": "Ancient diplomatic correspondence on clay tablets from the 14th century BC, found at el-Amarna, Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/akhenaten/": {"t": "Akhenaten", "s": "Ancient Egyptian pharaoh who introduced the worship of the Aten.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/akhenaten.webp", "c": "The wub · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/pharaoh/": {"t": "Pharaoh", "s": "Monarch of ancient Egypt, intermediary between gods and people."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-of-ancient-egypt/e/dynasties-of-ancient-egypt/nineteenth-dynasty-of-egypt/": {"t": "Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt", "s": "Second dynasty of Egypt's New Kingdom, founded by Ramesses I."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/prehistoric-egypt/": {"t": "Prehistoric Egypt", "s": "From the first human occupation to the dawn of the First Dynasty, explore the deep prehistory of Egypt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/prehistoric-egypt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Prehistoric Egypt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-founded-by-alexander-the-great/e/cities-founded-by-alexander-the-great/gaza-city/": {"t": "Gaza City", "s": "Ancient Mediterranean port city and last holdout against Alexander.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-founded-by-alexander-the-great/img/cities-founded-by-alexander-the-great/gaza-city.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gaza City · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egyptian-language/e/ancient-egyptian-language/onomasticon-of-amenope/": {"t": "Onomasticon of Amenope", "s": "Hierarchical categorization of 610 entities from late New Kingdom Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egypt/e/ancient-egypt/history-of-persian-egypt/": {"t": "History of Persian Egypt", "s": "Two Achaemenid periods of rule over ancient Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ptolemaic-kingdom/": {"t": "Ptolemaic Kingdom", "s": "The final dynasty of ancient Egypt, blending Greek and Egyptian cultures for nearly three centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/fatimid-caliphate/": {"t": "Fatimid Caliphate", "s": "Isma'ili Shi'a caliphate spanning North Africa and West Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/lore/the-crusades/": {"t": "The Crusades", "s": "Papal wars of 1095-1291 to win and hold the Holy Land."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/troubadour/": {"t": "Troubadour", "s": "Composers and performers of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/alys-of-france-countess-of-vexin/": {"t": "Alys of France, Countess of Vexin", "s": "French princess, former betrothed of Richard I of England."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/holy-land/": {"t": "Holy Land", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members worldwide as of 2026."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/limassol/": {"t": "Limassol", "s": "Limassol is a coastal city between ancient Amathus and Kourion."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/loretta-young/": {"t": "Loretta Young", "s": "American actress with an Academy Award and long-running TV anthology."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/george-sanders/": {"t": "George Sanders", "s": "British actor known for sophisticated villain roles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/img/golden-age-hollywood/george-sanders.webp", "c": "Andrew Geddes · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/bbc-television-miniseries/e/bbc-television-miniseries/the-devil-s-crown/": {"t": "The Devil's Crown", "s": "A BBC dramatisation of three medieval English kings."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/bede/": {"t": "Bede", "s": "Father of English History and Doctor of the Church"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-classical-texts/e/ancient-and-classical-texts/ecclesiastical-history-of-the-english-people/": {"t": "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", "s": "Bede completed his Ecclesiastical History of the English People around the year 731, when he was about 59 years old."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-renaissance-theologians/e/medieval-and-renaissance-theologians/lanfranc/": {"t": "Lanfranc", "s": "Italian-born Benedictine monk, scholar, and Archbishop of Canterbury, regarded as the greatest theologian of his generation."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/anselm-of-canterbury/": {"t": "Anselm of Canterbury", "s": "Benedictine abbot, philosopher, theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/duchy-of-normandy/": {"t": "Duchy of Normandy", "s": "The Viking-founded duchy whose dukes became kings of England."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/legitimacy-family-law/": {"t": "Legitimacy (family law)", "s": "Legal status of children born to married parents."}, "https://codexery.com/true-blood/e/people/stephen-moyer/": {"t": "Stephen Moyer", "s": "Bill Compton, the vampire of True Blood (2008-2014)."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company/": {"t": "The Walt Disney Company", "s": "American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company.webp", "c": "Disney Enterprises, Inc. · via Wikipedia: The Walt Disney Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/walter-scott/": {"t": "Walter Scott", "s": "Scottish novelist and poet who created the modern historical novel."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/hundred-years-war/": {"t": "Hundred Years' War", "s": "The Hundred Years' War was not a single continuous battle but a long, stop-start series of conflicts between England and France, lasting from 1337 to 1453."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xi/": {"t": "Louis XI", "s": "The Prudent King who spun webs of diplomacy"}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-france/e/castles-in-france/ch-teau-de-dou-la-fontaine/": {"t": "Château de Doué-la-Fontaine", "s": "Oldest known stone castle, built on a Carolingian aula."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/motte-and-bailey-castle/": {"t": "Motte-and-bailey castle", "s": "A medieval fortification of mound and courtyard, built with unskilled labour."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/e/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/hugh-capet/": {"t": "Hugh Capet", "s": "Founder of the Capetian dynasty and King of the Franks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/img/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/hugh-capet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hugh Capet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-viii-of-france/": {"t": "Charles VIII of France", "s": "King of France who invaded Italy and married Anne of Brittany."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture/": {"t": "Romanesque architecture", "s": "First pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/david-i-of-scotland/": {"t": "David I of Scotland", "s": "King of Scotland from 1124 to 1153, known for the Davidian Revolution and his support of Empress Matilda."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/normandy/": {"t": "Normandy", "s": "The historic homeland of the Normans, spanning mainland France and the Channel Islands."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/canterbury-cathedral/": {"t": "Canterbury Cathedral", "s": "Mother church of the Anglican Communion, site of Becket's martyrdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/canterbury-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Canterbury Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/maritime-law/": {"t": "Maritime law", "s": "The body of law governing navigable waters, from ancient Rhodian codes to modern international treaties."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-sailing-venues/e/olympic-sailing-venues/zuiderzee/": {"t": "Zuiderzee", "s": "Former North Sea bay, closed off in 1932."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/world/holland-netherlands/": {"t": "Netherlands", "s": "Holland: Market Garden and 'the Island'."}, "https://codexery.com/true-cross/e/true-cross/battle-of-hattin/": {"t": "Battle of Hattin", "s": "Saladin's victory ended Crusader military power in the Holy Land."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-jerusalem-1187/": {"t": "Siege of Jerusalem (1187)", "s": "The 1187 siege of Jerusalem ended with a negotiated surrender, limited bloodshed, and the restoration of Muslim holy sites."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-knights-templar/": {"t": "The Knights Templar", "s": "Medieval Catholic military order and early bankers."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/hospitallers/": {"t": "Hospitallers", "s": "The Knights of St John, a Catholic military order born in crusader Jerusalem."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/wales/": {"t": "Wales", "s": "A country of mountains, coast, and ancient culture, part of the United Kingdom."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/revolt-of-1173-1174/": {"t": "Revolt of 1173–1174", "s": "A failed rebellion against Henry II by his sons and wife."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/concentric-castle/": {"t": "Concentric castle", "s": "A castle with two or more concentric curtain walls for layered defense."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-france/e/castles-in-france/keep-of-pons/": {"t": "Keep of Pons", "s": "A Romanesque palace keep and symbol of Pons."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-ix-of-france/": {"t": "Louis IX of France", "s": "Saint Louis, the monk king who led crusades and reformed justice."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/ascalon/": {"t": "Ascalon", "s": "Ancient Mediterranean port city with millennia of history."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/saladin-tithe/": {"t": "Saladin tithe", "s": "A 1188 tax for the Third Crusade after Jerusalem's fall."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-acre-1189-1191/": {"t": "Siege of Acre (1189–1191)", "s": "A pivotal siege of the Third Crusade, where Crusaders besieged Acre from August 1189 to July 1191, ultimately achieving a key victory."}, "/e/richard-i-of-england/treaty-of-jaffa-1192/": {"t": "Treaty of Jaffa (1192)", "s": "Truce ending the Third Crusade between Saladin and Richard I."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/jaffa/": {"t": "Jaffa", "s": "Ancient Levantine port city with millennia of history."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/story/fourth-crusade/": {"t": "Fourth Crusade", "s": "The crusade that sacked Constantinople instead of reaching Egypt."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/aleppo/": {"t": "Aleppo", "s": "Ancient Syrian city, historic Silk Road hub, site of major conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mosul/": {"t": "Mosul", "s": "Major northern Iraqi city on the Tigris, near ancient Nineveh."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/bernard-of-clairvaux/": {"t": "Bernard of Clairvaux", "s": "Cistercian abbot, mystic, and co-founder of the Knights Templar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/img/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/bernard-of-clairvaux.webp", "c": "[2] · via Wikipedia: Bernard of Clairvaux · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/kurds/": {"t": "Kurds", "s": "An Iranic ethnic group indigenous to Kurdistan, spanning parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/characters/baldwin-iv/": {"t": "Baldwin IV of Jerusalem", "s": "The Leper King of Jerusalem, who held off Saladin."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/leprosy/": {"t": "Leprosy", "s": "A curable neglected tropical disease with ancient roots and persistent stigma."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/stroke/": {"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/holy-roman-empire/": {"t": "Holy Roman Empire", "s": "The decentralised empire of Central Europe that lasted from 800 or 962 to 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-pisa/": {"t": "Republic of Pisa", "s": "A medieval maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for a century."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-genoa/": {"t": "Republic of Genoa", "s": "A medieval maritime republic and major European financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/lisbon/": {"t": "Lisbon", "s": "Capital of Portugal, second-oldest European capital, and a global city on the Tagus River."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/almohads/": {"t": "Almohads", "s": "Berber caliphs of the Maghreb and al-Andalus in the 12th and 13th centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/genoa/": {"t": "Genoa", "s": "Capital of Liguria and historic maritime republic on the Gulf of Genoa."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/e/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Holy Roman Emperor, polymath, and centralizer of royal power."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/house-of-capet/": {"t": "House of Capet", "s": "The direct Capetian kings who ruled France from 987 to 1328."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/rock-castle/": {"t": "Rock castle", "s": "Medieval castles built into and shaped by natural rock formations."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/rhineland-palatinate/": {"t": "Rhineland-Palatinate", "s": "A post-war German state formed from historic regions."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-thirty-years-war/": {"t": "The Thirty Years' War", "s": "A devastating Central European conflict driven by religion and dynastic rivalry."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-bavaria/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bavaria", "s": "A German kingdom ruled by the Wittelsbachs from 1806 to 1918."}}