{"https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/huguenots/": {"t": "Huguenots", "s": "French Protestants of the Reformed tradition, persecuted and exiled under Louis XIV."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/henry-ii-of-france/": {"t": "Henry II of France", "s": "King of France who died from a jousting wound."}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-savoy/": {"t": "Duchy of Savoy", "s": "A composite monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1416 to 1847."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/house-valois/": {"t": "House Valois", "s": "The Capetian cadet line that held the French crown from 1328 to 1589 and fought the Hundred Years' War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/img/factions/house-valois.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: House of Valois · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/henry-iii-of-france/": {"t": "Henry III of France", "s": "King of France and Poland, assassinated during the Wars of Religion."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/house-of-bourbon/": {"t": "House of Bourbon", "s": "European dynasty ruling France, Spain, and other kingdoms since the 16th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/exegesis/": {"t": "Exegesis", "s": "Critical interpretation of texts, from Bible to ancient cuneiform."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/toulouse/": {"t": "Toulouse", "s": "The Pink City"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nantes/": {"t": "Nantes", "s": "City of the Dukes of Brittany on the Loire"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/robert-conquest/": {"t": "Robert Conquest", "s": "British historian and Sovietologist, author of The Great Terror and The Harvest of Sorrow."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/nikolai-bukharin/": {"t": "Nikolai Bukharin", "s": "Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/population-transfer-in-the-soviet-union/": {"t": "Population transfer in the Soviet Union", "s": "Forced relocations of millions under Stalin and Beria."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leon-trotsky/": {"t": "Leon Trotsky", "s": "Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "Vladimir Lenin", "s": "First head of Soviet Russia and founder of Leninism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin · see source"}, "/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/holodomor/": {"t": "Holodomor", "s": "A man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine that killed millions."}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-gangsters/e/infamous-criminals-and-gangsters/ram-n-mercader/": {"t": "Ramón Mercader", "s": "Spanish communist and NKVD agent who killed Leon Trotsky."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/kliment-voroshilov/": {"t": "Kliment Voroshilov", "s": "Soviet marshal and head of state under Stalin and Khrushchev."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/john-dewey/": {"t": "John Dewey", "s": "American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/ionian-islands/": {"t": "Ionian Islands", "s": "Island group under Venetian rule, united with Greece in 1864."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-fall-of-constantinople/": {"t": "The Fall of Constantinople", "s": "The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the early modern period."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/peloponnese/": {"t": "Peloponnese", "s": "Southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, cradle of Mycenaean civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/macedonia-greece/": {"t": "Macedonia (Greece)", "s": "Largest Greek region, ancient kingdom of Alexander the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/muhammad-ali-of-egypt/": {"t": "Muhammad Ali of Egypt", "s": "Ottoman viceroy who founded modern Egypt and established a hereditary dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/great-power/": {"t": "Great power", "s": "Sovereign state with global influence and recognized power status."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/independence/": {"t": "Independence", "s": "Condition of self-government and sovereignty over a territory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/independence.webp", "c": "Ruger, A. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/ukrainian-language/": {"t": "Ukrainian language", "s": "East Slavic language of Ukraine, with deep historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/the-holocaust/": {"t": "The Holocaust", "s": "The Holocaust, called the Shoah in Hebrew, refers to the systematic murder of European Jews carried out during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/malnutrition/": {"t": "Malnutrition", "s": "A disease category including undernutrition and overnutrition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/human-variation-and-health/malnutrition.webp", "c": "HCUP Outreach2016 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/vinnytsia-oblast/": {"t": "Vinnytsia Oblast", "s": "Central Ukrainian oblast with rich mineral resources and wartime tragedy."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/kyiv-oblast/": {"t": "Kyiv Oblast", "s": "Central Ukrainian province surrounding Kyiv, created in 1932."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/odesa-oblast/": {"t": "Odesa Oblast", "s": "Southwestern Ukrainian province on the Black Sea coast."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/kharkiv-oblast/": {"t": "Kharkiv Oblast", "s": "Eastern Ukrainian oblast, third-most populous, industrial and agricultural center."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/donetsk-oblast/": {"t": "Donetsk Oblast", "s": "Industrial heartland of Ukraine, heavily affected by war."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/chernihiv-oblast/": {"t": "Chernihiv Oblast", "s": "Northern Ukrainian oblast with deep historical and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/hungary/": {"t": "Hungary", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich history, from the Kingdom of Hungary to EU membership."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hungarian-parliament-building/": {"t": "Hungarian Parliament Building", "s": "Seat of the National Assembly and iconic landmark on the Danube", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hungarian-parliament-building.webp", "c": "Kilyann Le Hen · via Wikipedia: Hungarian Parliament Building · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers/": {"t": "Axis powers", "s": "Military coalition that initiated World War II against the Allies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers.webp", "c": "Sr L · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/sphere-of-influence/": {"t": "Sphere of influence", "s": "A region where a powerful state exerts dominant influence."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/democracy/": {"t": "Democracy", "s": "Government where power is vested in the people."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/revolutions-of/hungarian-communist-party/": {"t": "Hungarian Communist Party", "s": "Communist party that ruled Hungary briefly in 1919 and after WWII."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/torture/": {"t": "Torture", "s": "Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/img/crime-and-deviance/torture.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain between 1936 and 1939, pitting the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/treason/": {"t": "Treason", "s": "Crime of disloyalty to a state or sovereign."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/depreciation/": {"t": "Depreciation", "s": "Accounting method for allocating asset cost over useful life."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jan-hus/": {"t": "Jan Hus", "s": "Czech reformer and inspiration of Hussitism"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/jan-i-ka/": {"t": "Jan Žižka", "s": "The undefeated Hussite commander who pioneered wagon-fort tactics and guerrilla warfare.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/jan-i-ka.webp", "c": "User:Miaow Miaow · via Wikipedia: Jan Žižka · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-bohemia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bohemia", "s": "A medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, predecessor of the modern Czech Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/john-wycliffe/": {"t": "John Wycliffe", "s": "English scholastic philosopher and reformer, precursor to Protestantism"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moravia/": {"t": "Moravia", "s": "A historical land in the east of the Czech Republic, named after the Morava river."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/czech-language/": {"t": "Czech language", "s": "A West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, official in the Czech Republic, with a rich morphology and a raised alveolar trill."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism/": {"t": "Baptism", "s": "Christian rite of initiation using water, with varied modes and meanings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism.webp", "c": "Confidence24 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/eucharist/": {"t": "Eucharist", "s": "Christian rite of bread and wine instituted by Jesus at the Last Supper.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/eucharist.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-czech/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-czech-republic/kutn-hora/": {"t": "Kutná Hora", "s": "Historic silver-mining town with UNESCO-listed centre."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-czech/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-czech-republic/atec/": {"t": "Žatec", "s": "Town with a 700-year hop-growing tradition and UNESCO listing."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/e/revolutionaries-and-insurgent-leaders/prokop-the-great/": {"t": "Prokop the Great", "s": "Hussite general and Taborite leader in the Hussite Wars."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/meerut/": {"t": "Meerut", "s": "Meerut is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, serving as the administrative headquarters of Meerut district."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/lucknow/": {"t": "Lucknow", "s": "Capital of Uttar Pradesh, India."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-mughal-empire/e/emperors-of-the-mughal-empire/bahadur-shah-zafar/": {"t": "Bahadur Shah Zafar", "s": "Last Mughal emperor and Urdu poet exiled after 1857 rebellion."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/hyderabad-state/": {"t": "Hyderabad State", "s": "A princely state ruled by the Nizam from 1724 to 1948.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/hyderabad-state.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hyderabad State · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/political-system/": {"t": "Political system", "s": "A system defining government decision-making and authority allocation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/img/economic-and-social-concepts/political-system.webp", "c": "Politisches_System_in_Deutschland.svg : Mortadelo2005 derivative work: TastyCake · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/factory-trading-post/": {"t": "Factory (trading post)", "s": "Medieval and early modern trading post and free-trade zone."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-mughal-empire/e/emperors-of-the-mughal-empire/shah-alam-ii/": {"t": "Shah Alam II", "s": "Seventeenth Mughal emperor whose reign saw imperial collapse."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-the-british-empire/e/history-of-the-british-empire/doctrine-of-lapse/": {"t": "Doctrine of lapse", "s": "East India Company policy annexing princely states without male heirs."}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/taboo/kala-pani-taboo/": {"t": "Kala pani (taboo)", "s": "Hindu taboo against crossing the sea."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/william-wilberforce/": {"t": "William Wilberforce", "s": "British politician and abolitionist who led the campaign to end the slave trade"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/gwalior-state/": {"t": "Gwalior State", "s": "Scindia-ruled Maratha power in Central India that became the largest princely state of the Central India Agency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/gwalior-state.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gwalior State · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/indian-national-congress/": {"t": "Indian National Congress", "s": "India's oldest political party, a big tent centrist force.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/indian-national-congress.webp", "c": "Trouscht · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mahatma-gandhi/": {"t": "Mahatma Gandhi", "s": "Leader of India's nonviolent independence movement"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jawaharlal-nehru/": {"t": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "s": "India's first prime minister and architect of its modern secular democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore/": {"t": "Rabindranath Tagore", "s": "The Bard of Bengal", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore.webp", "c": "Georges Chevalier · via Wikipedia: Rabindranath Tagore · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-india/": {"t": "Constitution of India", "s": "Supreme legal document and longest written national constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/vasco-da-gama/": {"t": "Vasco da Gama", "s": "The Portuguese explorer who opened the sea route to India", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/vasco-da-gama.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/bihar/": {"t": "Bihar", "s": "Land of ancient Buddhist monasteries and the birthplace of empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/bihar.webp", "c": "Nirinsanity · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/odisha/": {"t": "Odisha", "s": "The Land of Kalinga and Utkaḷa"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "Tamil Nadu", "s": "The land of Tamils, with a history spanning over 5,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/madurai/": {"t": "Madurai", "s": "Ancient city on the Vaigai River, cultural capital of Tamil Nadu."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/dutch-colonial-empire/": {"t": "Dutch colonial empire", "s": "Global trading empire spanning Asia, Africa, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sumatra/": {"t": "Sumatra", "s": "Large Indonesian island with rich history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/sumatra.webp", "c": "Sadalmelik · via Wikipedia: Sumatra · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/e/revolutionaries-and-insurgent-leaders/tan-malaka/": {"t": "Tan Malaka", "s": "Indonesian statesman, Marxist, and founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/central-java/": {"t": "Central Java", "s": "The Heart of Javanese Culture", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/central-java.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Java · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/south-sulawesi/": {"t": "South Sulawesi", "s": "Gateway to the Spice Islands, land of the Bugis and Makassar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/south-sulawesi.webp", "c": "Enonico · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/bali/": {"t": "Bali", "s": "Island of the Gods"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/e/revolutionaries-and-insurgent-leaders/sudirman/": {"t": "Sudirman", "s": "First commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and guerrilla leader."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/borneo/": {"t": "Borneo", "s": "Third-largest island, divided among three sovereign states."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/maluku-islands/": {"t": "Maluku Islands", "s": "The Spice Islands at the crossroads of Asia and Oceania.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/maluku-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Maluku Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/surabaya/": {"t": "Surabaya", "s": "Surabaya: Bravely facing danger on the Madura Strait."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mohammad-reza-pahlavi/": {"t": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "s": "Last Shah of Iran, overthrown in the Islamic Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/img/leaders-and-monarchs/mohammad-reza-pahlavi.webp", "c": "Ghazarians · via Wikipedia: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/1953-iranian-coup-d-tat/": {"t": "1953 Iranian coup d'état", "s": "The 1953 Iranian 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"https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/fatwa/": {"t": "Fatwa", "s": "A legal ruling on Islamic law issued by a qualified jurist."}, "/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/territory/": {"t": "Territory", "s": "A geographic area under external jurisdiction, not self-governing."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/self-determination/": {"t": "Self-determination", "s": "A people's right to form its own political entity."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/occupied-enemy-territory-administration/": {"t": "Occupied Enemy Territory Administration", "s": "Post-WWI joint military rule over former Ottoman Levantine provinces."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/1936-1939-arab-revolt-in-palestine/": {"t": "1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine", "s": "A Palestinian Arab uprising against British rule and Zionist immigration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/1936-1939-arab-revolt-in-palestine.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/second-intifada/": {"t": "Second Intifada", "s": "The Second Intifada, also called the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a major Palestinian uprising against Israel and its occupation that began in 2000.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/img/cold-war-conflicts/second-intifada.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Timeline of the Cold War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-court-of-justice/": {"t": "International Court of Justice", "s": "Principal judicial organ of the United Nations."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/e/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/arab-revolt/": {"t": "Arab Revolt", "s": "Hashemite-led uprising against Ottoman rule in World War I.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/img/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/arab-revolt.webp", "c": "Maurice Bauche (1878–1956) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sociologists-and-cultural-theorists/e/sociologists-and-cultural-theorists/norman-finkelstein/": {"t": "Norman Finkelstein", "s": "American political scientist and critic of Israeli policy."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/david-ben-gurion/": {"t": "David Ben-Gurion", "s": "Primary national founder and first prime minister of the State of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/palestine-liberation-organization/": {"t": "Palestine Liberation Organization", "s": "Palestinian nationalist coalition and internationally recognized representative of the Palestinian people."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-philippe-i/": {"t": "Louis Philippe I", "s": "Last French king; abdicated in 1848 Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/popular-sovereignty/": {"t": "Popular 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"Louis XVIII", "s": "The constitutional monarch who restored the Bourbon dynasty after Napoleon."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/reims-cathedral/": {"t": "Reims Cathedral", "s": "Traditional coronation site of French kings and Gothic masterpiece.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/reims-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Reims Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/rhineland/": {"t": "Rhineland", "s": "Loosely defined German region along the Rhine, industrial heartland."}, "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/e/american-and-caribbean-leaders/porfirio-d-az/": {"t": "Porfirio Díaz", "s": "Mexican general and president who ruled for over thirty years during the Porfiriato.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/img/american-and-caribbean-leaders/porfirio-d-az.webp", "c": "Aurelio Escobar Castellanos, Archive · via Wikipedia: Porfirio Díaz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/morelos/": {"t": "Morelos", "s": "Landlocked state in south-central Mexico, named for independence hero.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/morelos.webp", "c": "Alberto0617 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/emiliano-zapata/": {"t": "Emiliano Zapata", "s": "Mexican revolutionary leader of the agrarian Zapatista movement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/emiliano-zapata.webp", "c": "Agustín Casasola · via Wikipedia: Emiliano Zapata · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/venustiano-carranza/": {"t": "Venustiano Carranza", "s": "Mexican revolutionary, president, and architect of the 1917 Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/venustiano-carranza.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Venustiano Carranza · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-folklore/e/mexican-folklore/pancho-villa/": {"t": "Pancho Villa", "s": "Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader of the Mexican Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/institutional-revolutionary-party/": {"t": "Institutional Revolutionary Party", "s": "Mexican party that ruled for 71 years as a one-party state."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/nuevo-le-n/": {"t": "Nuevo León", "s": "The industrial heart of northeastern Mexico", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/nuevo-le-n.webp", "c": "Tefita228 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/benito-ju-rez/": {"t": "Benito Juárez", "s": "Zapotec president who led Mexico through civil war and foreign invasion."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/technocracy/": {"t": "Technocracy", "s": "Expert-based governance emphasizing evidence and efficiency."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/coahuila/": {"t": "Coahuila", "s": "A northern Mexican state with rich history and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/standard-oil/": {"t": "Standard Oil", "s": "The trust that shaped an industry."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/spanish-empire/": {"t": "Spanish Empire", "s": "The empire on which the sun never set.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/spanish-empire.webp", "c": "Nagihuin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/miguel-hidalgo-y-costilla/": {"t": "Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla", "s": "Father of the Mexican Nation and leader of the Cry of Dolores"}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/ferdinand-vii/": {"t": "Ferdinand VII", "s": "King whose reign deepened Spain's liberal-absolutist divide."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/encomienda/": {"t": "Encomienda", "s": "A Spanish labor system that 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"https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xvi/": {"t": "Louis XVI", "s": "Last king of France before the fall of the monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-haitian-revolution/": {"t": "The Haitian Revolution", "s": "A successful insurrection by enslaved Africans against French colonial rule, leading to the founding of Haiti.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/img/great-collapses/the-haitian-revolution.webp", "c": "Miscellaneous Items in High Demand, PPOC, Library of Congress · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-empires/e/rebellions-against-empires/revolutions-of-1917-1923/": {"t": "Revolutions of 1917–1923", "s": "A global wave of socialist and anti-colonial uprisings after World War I."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/revolutions-of/german-revolution-of-1918-1919/": {"t": "German revolution of 1918–1919", "s": "Revolution that ended the German Empire and founded the Weimar Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/nicholas-ii/": {"t": "Nicholas II", "s": "Last Emperor of Russia, abdicated in 1917, executed in 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/monarchism/": {"t": "Monarchism", "s": "Advocacy of monarchy as a system of government."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/house-of-romanov/": {"t": "House of Romanov", "s": "They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/grigori-rasputin/": {"t": "Grigori Rasputin", "s": "Russian mystic whose influence over the imperial family preceded his assassination."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, 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"https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/head-of-state/": {"t": "Head of state", "s": "The public persona of a sovereign state."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/benito-mussolini/": {"t": "Benito Mussolini", "s": "Italian dictator who founded fascism and led Italy in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/strike-action/": {"t": "Strike action", "s": "A form of direct action in which employees collectively refuse to work, usually in response to grievances."}, "https://codexery.com/political-theorists-and-social-scientist/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/miguel-de-unamuno/": {"t": "Miguel de Unamuno", "s": "Spanish essayist, novelist, and philosopher of modernist literature."}, "https://codexery.com/colonial-and-post-colonial-leaders/e/colonial-and-post-colonial-leaders/emilio-mola/": {"t": "Emilio Mola", "s": "Emilio Mola y Vidal was a Spanish military officer who played a central role in the July 1936 revolt that initiated the Spanish Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/manchu-people/": {"t": "Manchu people", "s": "Tungusic people who founded the Qing dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion/": {"t": "Boxer Rebellion", "s": "An anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China (1899–1901) by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, defeated by the Eigh", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Boxer Rebellion · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/self-strengthening-movement/": {"t": "Self-Strengthening Movement", "s": "Late Qing reform movement to strengthen state through Western technology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/self-strengthening-movement.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Self-Strengthening Movement · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-opium-war/": {"t": "First Opium War", "s": "Conflict between Britain and Qing China over opium trade and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/": {"t": "Imperial examination", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by merit from the Sui dynasty until its abolition in 19", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/imperial-examination.webp", "c": "Francisco Anzola · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/god-the-father/": {"t": "God the Father", "s": "First Person of the Trinity, Father and creator of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/protest/": {"t": "Protest", "s": "Public acts of objection, disapproval, or dissent against political advantage."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/comparative-politics/e/comparative-politics/politics-of-china/": {"t": "Politics of China", "s": "A one-party authoritarian state under CCP leadership.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comparative-politics/img/comparative-politics/politics-of-china.webp", "c": "Bartholomew, J. G. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/inflation/": {"t": "Inflation", "s": "An increase in the average price of goods and services."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/freedom-of-the-press/": {"t": "Freedom of the press", "s": "Principle of minimal government censorship over published expression."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/freedom-of-speech/": {"t": "Freedom of speech", "s": "A human right to express opinions without fear of retaliation."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-icons/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-icons/tank-man/": {"t": "Tank Man", "s": "Unidentified man who blocked a tank column in Beijing."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/riot-control/": {"t": "Riot control", "s": "Public order policing to control, disperse, or arrest rioters."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution/": {"t": "Cultural Revolution", "s": "A sociopolitical movement launched by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/deng-xiaoping/": {"t": "Deng Xiaoping", "s": "Architect of modern China and paramount leader from 1978 to 1989"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/reform-and-opening-up/": {"t": "Reform and opening up", "s": "Economic reforms that transformed China's economy after 1978."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/nepotism/": {"t": "Nepotism", "s": "Favoring family in positions of power, from papal courts to Hollywood."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/consumer-price-index/": {"t": "Consumer price index", "s": "A statistical estimate of consumer price levels over time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/img/economic-concepts-and-models/consumer-price-index.webp", "c": "Wikideas1 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/sons-of-emperors/e/sons-of-emperors/charles-vi-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Holy Roman Emperor who enacted the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/great-northern-war/": {"t": "Great Northern War", "s": "A war that ended Swedish dominance and elevated Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "Habsburg monarchy", "s": "A composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg across Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy.webp", "c": "ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981. · via Wikipedia: Habsburg monarchy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-saxony/": {"t": "Electorate of Saxony", "s": "A key electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, centered on Saxe-Wittenberg."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/northern-italy/": {"t": "Northern Italy", "s": "Northern Italy: economic core and cultural heart of the country."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/joseph-i-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Holy Roman Emperor who continued the War of the Spanish Succession."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-sicily/": {"t": "Kingdom of Sicily", "s": "A medieval kingdom spanning Sicily, southern Italy, and briefly North Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-milan/": {"t": "Duchy of Milan", "s": "A major Renaissance state contested by Habsburgs and France."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/prince-eugene-of-savoy/": {"t": "Prince Eugene of Savoy", "s": "Prince Eugene of Savoy: feldmarschall, diplomat, and one of the greatest military commanders of his era."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/spanish-flu/": {"t": "Spanish flu", "s": "A deadly global pandemic misnamed after Spain due to wartime censorship."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/machine-gun/": {"t": "Machine gun", "s": "A fully automatic firearm for sustained direct fire support.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/machine-gun.webp", "c": "Nafis Fuad Ayon · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/arms-race/": {"t": "Arms race", "s": "A competition between states for superior armed forces.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/img/warfare-and-military-history/arms-race.webp", "c": "Amitchell125 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/e/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/gavrilo-princip/": {"t": "Gavrilo Princip", "s": "Bosnian Serb student whose assassination sparked World War I."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/kaiser/": {"t": "Kaiser", "s": "Title of German and Austrian emperors, derived from Caesar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/img/imperial-titles/kaiser.webp", "c": "Emilio de Gogorza · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ernst-haeckel/": {"t": "Ernst Haeckel", "s": "German zoologist, artist, and popularizer of Darwin who coined 'ecology' and the 'Biogenetic Law'."}}