Regeneration (biology)
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Regeneration is the biological process of renewal and tissue growth that makes organisms resilient to damage, and every species from bacteria to humans is capable of it.[1] Whether regeneration is complete, with the new tissue identical to what was lost, or incomplete, resulting in fibrotic scar tissue, depends on the species and injury.[1] Gene regulation controls the most fundamental level of regeneration, which encompasses cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation.[2]
Quick Facts
- Field
- Biology
- Known for
- Process of renewal
- restoration
- and tissue growth
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
Ecosystems can also be regenerative, where pioneering species occupy and establish themselves in newly opened habitat after a disturbance.[3] Immediately following amputation, a wound epithelium forms from migrating epidermal cells, which then thickens into a cap, while underlying cells rapidly divide to create a cone-shaped blastema.[4] Due to their highly adaptive regenerative abilities, the hydra and planarian flatworm have been used as model organisms for a long time.[5] Among vertebrates, the Caudata order (salamanders and newts) is likely the most skilled at regeneration, able to regrow limbs, tails, jaws, eyes, and various internal organs.[5]
Notable tissue regeneration is seen in echinoderms like sea stars, as well as in crayfish, many reptiles, and amphibians.[6] A new individual can sometimes be regenerated from a limb that has been shed.[6] Repeated regrowth of a whole limb after amputation is possible in salamanders and tritons.[7]
What the cited sources add
A 2020 study by Roche found that limb regeneration was observed in almost all individuals of the sevenspotted lady beetle (100 percent) and the multicolored Asian lady beetle (97.9 percent).[8] The same study created a Limb Regeneration Index ranging from zero to one, with one indicating the highest amount of regeneration.[8] The investigators found that the most commonly observed cost of limb regeneration was a delay in pupal development time, significant in nine of the 14 species studied.[8] Ecologically, invasive species with wide geographic ranges scored high in the Limb Regeneration Index.[8]
Two populations of the lady beetle Hippodamia variegata in the Czech Republic and Egypt showed pronounced differences in limb regeneration, suggesting ecology is a key factor.[8] Dr. James Godwin of the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute researched whether macrophages inside salamanders are related to the animal's ability to regenerate limbs.[9] Godwin stated that understanding the salamander's abilities may lead to knowing what cocktail to add to a wound site to allow salamander-like regeneration under hospital conditions.[9]
References
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Role of pericytes in skeletal muscle regeneration and fat accumulation", Stem Cells and Development, August 2013, p. 2298–314; "Principles of Regenerative Biology", Elsevier Inc., 2007, p. 400; "Parameters governing bacterial regeneration and genetic recombination after fusion of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts", Journal of Bacteriology, March 1979, p. 1346–53; Sinigaglia, "Whole-Body Regeneration", Springer US, 2022, p. 3–25; Min, "Graphic general pathology: 2.2 complete regeneration", Pathology, 2006; Min, "Graphic general patho en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Influence of calorie restriction on oncogene expression and DNA synthesis during liver regeneration", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, June 1992, p. 5497–501; "Wound healing, cell communication, and DNA synthesis during imaginal disc regeneration in Drosophila", Developmental Biology, May 1988, p. 197–208 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Changing the gap dynamics paradigm: Vegetative regenerative control on forest response to disturbance", Ecological Monographs, 2008, p. 331–347; "Evaluation ponderosa pine regeneration rates following ecological restoration treatments in northern Arizona, USA", Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, p. 271–278 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kohlsdorf, "Towards an evolutionary framework for animal regeneration", Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, March 2021, p. 87–88 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Regeneration in the metazoans: why does it happen?", BioEssays, June 2000, p. 578–90; "Fundamentals of planarian regeneration", Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 2004, p. 725–57; "Principles of Regenerative Biology", Elsevier Inc., 2007, p. 400; "Regeneration in the metazoans: why does it happen?", BioEssays, June 2000, p. 578–90; "Comparative aspects of animal regeneration", Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 2008, p. 525–49; "Biology", The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1996, p. 1206 ( en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Autotomy as a prelude to regeneration in echinoderms", Microscopy Research and Technique, December 2001, p. 369–96; "Tail autotomy, functional conflicts and their resolution by a salamander", Nature, 1977, p. 533–535; "The costs of autotomy and regeneration in animals: a review and framework for future research", Behavioral Ecology, 2006, p. 857–872; Edmondson, "Autotomy and regeneration of Hawaiian starfishes", Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 1935, p. 3–20 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Regeneration (biology)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "UCSB Science Line", scienceline.ucsb.edu (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Roche, "Limb Regeneration in Lady Beetles: Product of Selection or Developmental Byproduct?", Entomology Today, September 22, 2020. facts only, no text reused. entomologytoday.org
- Souppouris, "Scientists identify cell that could hold the secret to limb regeneration", The Verge, May 23, 2013. facts only, no text reused. theverge.com
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Regeneration (biology) (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Regeneration (biology) (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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