Rays Codexery

Himantura

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Himantura

Aurimas Mikalauskas from Paliūniškis, Lithuania · via Wikipedia: Himantura · CC BY-SA 2.0

The genus is native to the Indo-Pacific region.[1] Stingrays belonging to the genus Himantura are part of the Dasyatidae family and are found in the Indo-Pacific region.[1] Currently, the genus includes twelve species that are considered valid, a number that has changed from the earlier count of four or five.[2]

Scientific classification

  1. KingdomAnimalia
  2. PhylumChordata
  3. ClassChondrichthyes
  4. SubclassElasmobranchii
  5. OrderMyliobatiformes
  6. FamilyDasyatidae
  7. GenusHimantura

Named by J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837

Sources: Wikipedia taxobox: Himantura (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Quick Facts

Type species
Raja sephen uarnak

Facts from the source article.

Biology and range

Himantura species inhabit marine, brackish, and freshwater environments.[3] The GBIF database holds 4,912 occurrence records for this genus.[4] In a 2016 taxonomic revision, many former Himantura species were reassigned to other genera.[1] The fine-spotted leopard whipray, Himantura tutul, has had its validity disputed.[5]

It has been considered a junior synonym of H. uarnak by the Catalog of Fishes.[5] However, H. tutul was previously confused with H. leoparda, not H. uarnak.[5] Genetic analysis has shown that H. tutul is reproductively isolated from both H. uarnak and H. leoparda, and is a distinct species.[5] Leopard-like ocellated spots are a feature of adult individuals of both H. leoparda and H. tutul.[5]

In H. tutul, these ocellated spots are both smaller in size and greater in number.[6]

What the specialist sources record

The World Register of Marine Species lists Himantura as an accepted genus in family Dasyatidae, order Myliobatiformes, class Elasmobranchii.[3] GBIF also accepts Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837, as a genus in the same family and order.[4] The 2016 taxonomic revision in Zootaxa reclassified many species out of Himantura.[1] A 2013 study in Comptes Rendus Biologies described H. tutul using its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence.[5]

A 2013 paper in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution examined species boundaries in the Himantura uarnak complex.[5][6] A 2021 paper in Marine Biodiversity provided a neotype designation and re-description of H. uarnak.[5]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Himantura" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights", Zootaxa, 2016, p. 345–368 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Himantura" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; Bailly, Nicolas, "Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837", 2014; "New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka", Zootaxa, 2019, p. 201–238 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. World Register of Marine Species, Himantura (AphiaID 105752). CC BY 4.0. marinespecies.org
  4. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy and occurrence index, Himantura (taxon key 2419609). CC BY 4.0 (backbone); counts are facts. gbif.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Himantura" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Himantura tutul sp. nov. (Myliobatoidae, Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence", Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2013, p. 82–92; "Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity", Journal of Fish Biology, 2016, p. 837–1037; "Catalog of Fishes", California Academy of Sciences, 24 April 2018; "Species boundaries in the Himantura uarnak species complex (Myliobatiformes : Das en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Himantura" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Himantura tutul sp. nov. (Myliobatoidae, Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence", Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2013, p. 82–92; "Species boundaries in the Himantura uarnak species complex (Myliobatiformes : Dasyatidae)", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2013, p. 429–435; Borsa, P., "Comment on 'Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity' by Weigmann (2016)", J en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Himantura (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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