Rebellions Against the United States Codexery

Moro Rebellion

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Moro leaders consider their struggle part of a four centuries-long "national liberation movement" of the Bangsamoro.[1] The Moro population in the southern Philippines engaged in resistance against external powers for roughly four centuries, as documented by Banlaoi and Dphrepaulezz.[1]

Three Moros rebels hung in Jolo
Three Moros rebels hung in Jolo. Image: Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Life and work

Spanish forces occupied the abandoned city of Jolo in 1876 after centuries of unsuccessful attempts.[2] Major General Leonard Wood became governor of Moro Province on August 6, 1903.[3] Wood unilaterally abrogated the Kiram–Bates Treaty, citing piracy and attacks on American personnel.[4] The Moro Province was created on June 1, 1903, with many civil service positions held by American military members.[5]

American soldiers during the Moro Campaigns
American soldiers during the Moro Campaigns. Image: Library of Congress · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Banlaoi and Dphrepaulezz note that Moro resistance to foreign rule—including opposition to Spaniards, Americans, Japanese, and Filipinos—spans approximately 400 years.[1] On May 18, 1899, American military personnel assumed control of the Spanish administrative apparatus in Jolo, according to Hurley.[5] The Kiram–Bates Treaty, signed by the United States and the Moro Sulu Sultanate, promised the Sultanate autonomy in its internal governance provided it remained neutral in the Philippine–American War, as stated in the "Causes of Conflict" source.[6][7] After defeating northern Filipino forces, the United States canceled the treaty and initiated military operations in Moro territory, according to Kho and the "Causes of Conflict" source.[6][8]

Three Moros rebels being hung in Jolo
Three Moros rebels being hung in Jolo. Image: Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What the cited sources add

Kho's account states the Bates Treaty was the first step towards dissolving Moro sovereignty and dismantling the Sulu Sultanate.[8] According to Kho, the Moro Wars taught the U.S. the inseparability of a Tausug and his weapon.[8] The "Causes of Conflict" source notes that Christian Filipinos and Muslim Moros are racially one people.[7] Kho reports that the sultan urged Americans not to impose poll tax "forever and ever as long as there is sun and moon".[8]

Knocking Out the Moros. DA Poster 21-48
Knocking Out the Moros. DA Poster 21-48. Image: DA Poster 21-48 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Kho notes that Governor Frank Carpenter asked the sultan to abdicate claims to the throne in a 1915 agreement.[8]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Moro Rebellion" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Banlaoi 2012, p. 24.; Banlaoi 2005 , p. 68.; Dphrepaulezz, ""The Right Sort of White Men": General Leonard Wood and the U.S. Army in the Southern Philippines, 1898–1906", June 5, 2013 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Moro Rebellion" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kho, "The Bates Treaty", PhilippineUpdate.com (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Moro Rebellion" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bacevich, "What happened at Bud Dajo", The Boston Globe, March 12, 2006; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Moro Rebellion" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hurley, "Swish of the Kris", E.P. Dutton & Co, 1936; Hurley, "Swish of the Kris", E.P. Dutton & Co, 1936 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Moro Rebellion" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hurley, "Swish of the Kris", E.P. Dutton & Co, 1936 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Moro Rebellion" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kho, "The Bates Treaty", Philippine Update; Article title Luga p. 22.; "A Brief History of America and the Moros 1899–1920"; "The Bates Mission 1899"; "Causes of Conflict between Christians and Muslims in the Philippines"; Staff, "AMERICA ABROGATES TREATY WITH MOROS; Rights Conferred by the Bates Agreement Forfeited. NATIVES FIGHT FOR SLAVERY United States Troops Defeat Them and Capture Cannon and Ammunition.", The New York Times, March 15 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. "Causes of Conflict between Christians and Muslims in the Philippines". facts only, no text reused. iiipeace.org
  8. Kho, "The Bates Treaty", PhilippineUpdate.com. facts only, no text reused. philippineupdate.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Moro Rebellion (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

More in Rebellions against the United States

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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