[{"n": "Whiptail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/whiptail-stingray/", "s": "A family of rays with whip-like tails and venomous stings."}, {"n": "Heliobatis", "u": "/e/rays/heliobatis/", "s": "Extinct stingray from the Early Eocene Green River Formation."}, {"n": "Hemitrygon", "u": "/e/rays/hemitrygon/", "s": "A genus of stingrays from Indo-Pacific waters, formerly synonymized with Dasyatis."}, {"n": "Himantura", "u": "/e/rays/himantura/", "s": "A genus of Indo-Pacific stingrays with disputed species boundaries."}, {"n": "Hypanus rubioi", "u": "/e/rays/hypanus-rubioi/", "s": "A large-bodied benthic predator with a distinct elongated snout."}, {"n": "Maskray", "u": "/e/rays/maskray/", "s": "Maskrays are stingrays with a distinctive mask-like eye pattern."}, {"n": "Neotrygon australiae", "u": "/e/rays/neotrygon-australiae/", "s": "A whiptail stingray caught for local delicacy in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea."}, {"n": "Neotrygon orientalis", "u": "/e/rays/neotrygon-orientalis/", "s": "A bluespotted maskray often confused with its close relatives."}, {"n": "Pteroplatytrygon", "u": "/e/rays/pelagic-stingray/", "s": "The only stingray that lives in the open ocean."}, {"n": "Roughtail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/roughtail-stingray/", "s": "The largest whip-tail stingray in the Atlantic, with venomous spine."}, {"n": "Telatrygon acutirostra", "u": "/e/rays/telatrygon-acutirostra/", "s": "A vulnerable stingray with a sharp snout, known only from Japan and the East China Sea."}, {"n": "Brevitrygon walga", "u": "/e/rays/brevitrygon-walga/", "s": "A small, heavily fished stingray of the west central Pacific."}, {"n": "Brevitrygon manjajiae", "u": "/e/rays/brevitrygon-manjajiae/", "s": "A tropical ray targeted by trawlers, valued as a delicacy in India."}, {"n": "Atlantic stingray", "u": "/e/rays/atlantic-stingray/", "s": "A small, euryhaline stingray of the western Atlantic coast."}, {"n": "Blue stingray", "u": "/e/rays/blue-stingray/", "s": "A southern African whiptail stingray with blue markings."}, {"n": "Bluntnose stingray", "u": "/e/rays/bluntnose-stingray/", "s": "A bottom-dwelling ray with a venomous spine, found from Massachusetts to Venezuela."}, {"n": "Broad stingray", "u": "/e/rays/broad-stingray/", "s": "A wide-ranging stingray common in Hawaiian inshore waters."}, {"n": "Common stingray", "u": "/e/rays/common-stingray/", "s": "A venomous, bottom-dwelling ray of the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean."}, {"n": "Giant stumptail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/giant-stumptail-stingray/", "s": "A large, poorly known stingray from only two specimens."}, {"n": "Groovebelly stingray", "u": "/e/rays/groovebelly-stingray/", "s": "A stingray with a W-shaped belly furrow and smooth skin."}, {"n": "Dasyatis marmorata", "u": "/e/rays/dasyatis-marmorata/", "s": "A small stingray with blue blotches warning of toxicity."}, {"n": "Pitted stingray", "u": "/e/rays/pitted-stingray/", "s": "A Japanese stingray with a W-shaped groove and uncertain conservation status."}, {"n": "Short-tail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/short-tail-stingray/", "s": "One of the world's largest stingrays, found in Southern Hemisphere temperate waters."}, {"n": "Southern stingray", "u": "/e/rays/southern-stingray/", "s": "A venomous but docile ray of the Western Atlantic."}, {"n": "Thorntail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/thorntail-stingray/", "s": "One of the largest stingrays, with a venomous tail spine."}, {"n": "Marbled whipray", "u": "/e/rays/marbled-whipray/", "s": "A freshwater stingray with a reticulated pattern and long whip-like tail."}, {"n": "Roughback whipray", "u": "/e/rays/roughback-whipray/", "s": "A rare freshwater stingray with a pearl organ on its back."}, {"n": "White-edge freshwater whipray", "u": "/e/rays/white-edge-freshwater-whipray/", "s": "A rare freshwater stingray with a white-edged disc and venomous tail spines."}, {"n": "Colares stingray", "u": "/e/rays/colares-stingray/", "s": "A critically endangered stingray from the Amazon estuary."}, {"n": "Daisy stingray", "u": "/e/rays/daisy-stingray/", "s": "A West African stingray with a distinctive pearl spine on its back."}, {"n": "Niger stingray", "u": "/e/rays/niger-stingray/", "s": "One of two freshwater stingrays in Africa, critically endangered."}, {"n": "Pearl stingray", "u": "/e/rays/pearl-stingray/", "s": "Smallest West African stingray, often confused with the daisy stingray."}, {"n": "Pincushion ray", "u": "/e/rays/pincushion-ray/", "s": "A heavily armored freshwater stingray with thorny defenses."}, {"n": "Sharpsnout stingray", "u": "/e/rays/sharpsnout-stingray/", "s": "A critically endangered stingray with a long snout and pointed pelvic fins."}, {"n": "Bennett's stingray", "u": "/e/rays/bennett-s-stingray/", "s": "A little-known stingray with an extremely long tail and uncertain range."}, {"n": "Blackish stingray", "u": "/e/rays/blackish-stingray/", "s": "A little-known stingray from the northwestern Pacific, vulnerable to fishing pressure."}, {"n": "Chinese stingray", "u": "/e/rays/chinese-stingray/", "s": "A little-known stingray endangered by fishing pressure in Chinese waters."}, {"n": "Dwarf black stingray", "u": "/e/rays/dwarf-black-stingray/", "s": "A small, little-known stingray of the Indo-Pacific continental shelves."}, {"n": "Estuary stingray", "u": "/e/rays/estuary-stingray/", "s": "A Near Threatened stingray of eastern Australian estuaries."}, {"n": "Izu stingray", "u": "/e/rays/izu-stingray/", "s": "A small, endemic stingray with a distinctive white tail fold."}, {"n": "Mekong freshwater stingray", "u": "/e/rays/mekong-freshwater-stingray/", "s": "A freshwater stingray with a bright orange underside, endemic to Southeast Asian rivers."}, {"n": "Red stingray", "u": "/e/rays/red-stingray/", "s": "A Near Threatened stingray with a bright orange-red underside."}, {"n": "Yantai stingray", "u": "/e/rays/yantai-stingray/", "s": "A small, vulnerable stingray sold for food in China."}, {"n": "Blackedge whipray", "u": "/e/rays/blackedge-whipray/", "s": "A large, poorly known stingray with black marginal bands."}, {"n": "Himantura fava", "u": "/e/rays/himantura-fava/", "s": "A stingray with honeycomb-like reticulations, likely a species complex."}, {"n": "Himantura fluviatilis", "u": "/e/rays/himantura-fluviatilis/", "s": "An obscure, Endangered stingray of the Ganges River system."}, {"n": "Honeycomb whipray", "u": "/e/rays/honeycomb-whipray/", "s": "A large, endangered stingray with a honeycomb-like dorsal pattern."}, {"n": "Leopard whipray", "u": "/e/rays/leopard-whipray/", "s": "A little-known stingray with a leopard-like pattern and whip-like tail."}, {"n": "Reticulate whipray", "u": "/e/rays/reticulate-whipray/", "s": "A large, spotted stingray with a complex taxonomic history."}, {"n": "Black-spotted whipray", "u": "/e/rays/black-spotted-whipray/", "s": "A spotted stingray long mistaken for the brown whipray."}, {"n": "Brown whipray", "u": "/e/rays/brown-whipray/", "s": "A plain brown stingray often misidentified as related species."}, {"n": "Round whipray", "u": "/e/rays/round-whipray/", "s": "A stingray species now endangered, found in the Malay Archipelago."}, {"n": "Kuhl's maskray", "u": "/e/rays/kuhl-s-maskray/", "s": "A venomous, blue-spotted stingray found from Indonesia to Japan."}, {"n": "Ningaloo maskray", "u": "/e/rays/ningaloo-maskray/", "s": "A small, colorful stingray endemic to northwestern Australia."}, {"n": "Peppered maskray", "u": "/e/rays/peppered-maskray/", "s": "A small, speckled stingray of northeastern Australian coastal waters."}, {"n": "Plain maskray", "u": "/e/rays/plain-maskray/", "s": "A small, plain-patterned stingray endemic to northern Australia."}, {"n": "Cowtail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/cowtail-stingray/", "s": "A widespread Indo-Pacific stingray valued for its shagreen leather."}, {"n": "Roughnose stingray", "u": "/e/rays/roughnose-stingray/", "s": "A mangrove-associated stingray with a distinctive denticle-covered snout."}, {"n": "Hortle's whipray", "u": "/e/rays/hortle-s-whipray/", "s": "A little-known stingray with a bright yellow underside from southern New Guinea."}, {"n": "Jenkins' whipray", "u": "/e/rays/jenkins-whipray/", "s": "A large Indo-Pacific stingray prized for its thorny skin."}, {"n": "Pink whipray", "u": "/e/rays/pink-whipray/", "s": "A large, gregarious stingray of Indo-Pacific coral reefs."}, {"n": "Whitenose whipray", "u": "/e/rays/whitenose-whipray/", "s": "A demersal stingray threatened by overfishing across its range."}, {"n": "Bluespotted ribbontail ray", "u": "/e/rays/bluespotted-ribbontail-ray/", "s": "A small, venomous reef ray with electric blue spots."}, {"n": "Taeniura lessoni", "u": "/e/rays/taeniura-lessoni/", "s": "A shallow-water ray of Melanesia, distinguished by its uniform pale ventral fold."}, {"n": "Round fantail stingray", "u": "/e/rays/round-fantail-stingray/", "s": "A poorly known stingray of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean."}, {"n": "Round ribbontail ray", "u": "/e/rays/round-ribbontail-ray/", "s": "A large, venomous stingray of tropical Indo-Pacific reefs."}, {"n": "Telatrygon biasa", "u": "/e/rays/telatrygon-biasa/", "s": "A common whiptail stingray of the Indo-Malay Archipelago."}, {"n": "Freshwater whipray", "u": "/e/rays/freshwater-whipray/", "s": "A little-known Australian stingray that can survive out of water for minutes."}, {"n": "Giant freshwater stingray", "u": "/e/rays/giant-freshwater-stingray/", "s": "The widest freshwater fish, found in Southeast Asian rivers."}, {"n": "Mangrove whipray", "u": "/e/rays/mangrove-whipray/", "s": "A solitary stingray with a white tail, found in Indo-Pacific waters."}, {"n": "Mumburarr whipray", "u": "/e/rays/mumburarr-whipray/", "s": "A large whipray discovered via tapeworm research in northern Australia."}, {"n": "Porcupine ray", "u": "/e/rays/porcupine-ray/", "s": "A rare, thorn-covered stingray lacking a venomous spine."}, {"n": "Tubemouth whipray", "u": "/e/rays/tubemouth-whipray/", "s": "A stingray with uniquely protrusible jaws, found in Borneo and Sumatra."}, {"n": "Requiem shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/requiem-shark/", "s": "Migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas, often involved in attacks."}, {"n": "Abdounia", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/abdounia/", "s": "An extinct requiem shark genus known from Paleogene teeth."}, {"n": "Blue shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/blue-shark/", "s": "A widespread pelagic shark known for long migrations and large litters."}, {"n": "River shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/river-shark/", "s": "River sharks are poorly known, sympatric with bull sharks."}, {"n": "Whitetip reef shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/whitetip-reef-shark/", "s": "A small, nocturnal reef shark that rests in caves and hunts in groups."}, {"n": "Carcharhinus", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/carcharhinus/", "s": "Type genus of Carcharhinidae, containing over half its species."}, {"n": "Australian blacktip shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/australian-blacktip-shark/", "s": "A requiem shark endemic to northern and eastern Australia."}, {"n": "Bignose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/bignose-shark/", "s": "A deepwater requiem shark with a circumglobal tropical distribution."}, {"n": "Blacknose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/blacknose-shark/", "s": "A small requiem shark with a distinctive dark snout tip."}, {"n": "Blackspot shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/blackspot-shark/", "s": "A small requiem shark with a black-spotted second dorsal fin."}, {"n": "Blacktip reef shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/blacktip-reef-shark/", "s": "A small, site-attached reef shark with distinctive black fin tips."}, {"n": "Blacktip shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/blacktip-shark/", "s": "Swift, energetic piscivore known for spinning leaps from the water."}, {"n": "Borneo shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/borneo-shark/", "s": "Rare requiem shark with unique mouth pores, found only off northwestern Borneo."}, {"n": "Bull shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/bull-shark/", "s": "A euryhaline requiem shark known for aggression and freshwater tolerance."}, {"n": "Caribbean reef shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/caribbean-reef-shark/", "s": "A large apex predator common on Caribbean coral reefs."}, {"n": "Australian blackspot shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/australian-blackspot-shark/", "s": "A cryptic requiem shark of northern Australian inshore waters."}, {"n": "Copper shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/copper-shark/", "s": "A slow-growing, temperate requiem shark with disjunct populations worldwide."}, {"n": "Creek whaler", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/creek-whaler/", "s": "A small, stocky requiem shark endemic to northern Australia."}, {"n": "Daggernose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/daggernose-shark/", "s": "A critically endangered shark with a distinctive elongated snout."}, {"n": "Dusky shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/dusky-shark/", "s": "A slow-growing, long-gestating apex predator of warm continental seas."}, {"n": "Finetooth shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/finetooth-shark/", "s": "A slender, schooling requiem shark of shallow western Atlantic waters."}, {"n": "Galapagos shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/galapagos-shark/", "s": "A large, abundant reef shark of tropical oceanic islands."}, {"n": "Grey reef shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/grey-reef-shark/", "s": "First shark known to perform a threat display."}, {"n": "Hardnose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/hardnose-shark/", "s": "A small, gregarious requiem shark with a calcified snout."}, {"n": "Carcharhinus tjutjot", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/carcharhinus-tjutjot/", "s": "A requiem shark once confused with the whitecheek shark."}, {"n": "Lost shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/lost-shark/", "s": "A possibly extinct requiem shark known from only three old specimens."}, {"n": "Nervous shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/nervous-shark/", "s": "A timid requiem shark of northern Australian coastal waters."}, {"n": "Night shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/night-shark/", "s": "A deepwater requiem shark that migrates vertically and is prized for its fins."}, {"n": "Sandbar shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/sandbar-shark/", "s": "A large coastal shark with a high dorsal fin and interdorsal ridge."}, {"n": "Silky shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/silky-shark/", "s": "A swift, abundant pelagic shark with a smooth skin."}, {"n": "Silvertip shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/silvertip-shark/", "s": "A large requiem shark with distinctive white fin margins."}, {"n": "Smalltail shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/smalltail-shark/", "s": "A slim, critically endangered requiem shark of the western Atlantic."}, {"n": "Smoothtooth blacktip shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/smoothtooth-blacktip-shark/", "s": "A rare requiem shark with smooth-edged teeth and black-tipped fins."}, {"n": "Spinner shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/spinner-shark/", "s": "A swift, spinning predator of tropical and warm temperate seas."}, {"n": "Spot-tail shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/spot-tail-shark/", "s": "A near-threatened requiem shark with black-tipped fins."}, {"n": "Whitecheek shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/whitecheek-shark/", "s": "A slender requiem shark with a black-tipped second dorsal fin."}, {"n": "Galeocerdo alabamensis", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/galeocerdo-alabamensis/", "s": "Extinct tiger-like shark known mainly from tooth fossils."}, {"n": "Tiger shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/tiger-shark/", "s": "A large, solitary predator with the broadest diet of any shark."}, {"n": "Ganges shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/ganges-shark/", "s": "A rare, poorly known river shark with a disputed range."}, {"n": "Northern river shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/northern-river-shark/", "s": "A rare requiem shark of turbid tidal rivers and coastal waters."}, {"n": "Speartooth shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/speartooth-shark/", "s": "A rare river shark adapted to turbid tidal waters."}, {"n": "Borneo broadfin shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/borneo-broadfin-shark/", "s": "Endangered ground shark of turbid estuarine waters."}, {"n": "Broadfin shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/broadfin-shark/", "s": "A tropical requiem shark with broad pectoral fins, now endangered."}, {"n": "Lemon shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/lemon-shark/", "s": "A yellowish, social shark found in shallow subtropical waters."}, {"n": "Sicklefin lemon shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/sicklefin-lemon-shark/", "s": "A large, slow-moving Indo-Pacific shark with sickle-shaped fins."}, {"n": "Atlantic sharpnose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/atlantic-sharpnose-shark/", "s": "A small requiem shark of warm, shallow Atlantic waters."}, {"n": "Brazilian sharpnose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/brazilian-sharpnose-shark/", "s": "A small requiem shark vulnerable to overfishing and plastic pollution."}, {"n": "Milk shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/milk-shark/", "s": "A requiem shark named for a belief in lactation benefits."}, {"n": "Pacific sharpnose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/pacific-sharpnose-shark/", "s": "Small viviparous shark migrating along Mexico's Pacific coast."}, {"n": "Scoliodon", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/scoliodon/", "s": "Genus of requiem sharks with two living species."}, {"n": "Spadenose shark", "u": "/e/reef-sharks/spadenose-shark/", "s": "A small shark with the most advanced placental viviparity in fish."}]