{"/e/radio-modulation-modes/frequency-modulation/": {"t": "Frequency modulation", "s": "Frequency modulation varies carrier frequency with message signal amplitude."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/keying-telecommunications/": {"t": "Keying (telecommunications)", "s": "Digital modulation for transmitting digital signals over analog channels."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/sound/": {"t": "Sound", "s": "Mechanical wave propagating through an elastic medium."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/headphones-mics-and-mice/microphone/": {"t": "Microphone", "s": "A transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/video-camera/": {"t": "Video camera", "s": "Optical instrument that captures video for live or recorded use."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/radio-wave/": {"t": "Radio wave", "s": "Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/antenna-radio/": {"t": "Antenna (radio)", "s": "Interface between radio waves and electric currents."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/demodulation/": {"t": "Demodulation", "s": "Demodulation recovers original information from a modulated carrier wave."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/detector-radio/": {"t": "Detector (radio)", "s": "A circuit that extracts information from a modulated radio signal."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/amplitude/": {"t": "Amplitude", "s": "Amplitude measures wave magnitude across multiple definitions."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/frequency/": {"t": "Frequency", "s": "Frequency measures repeating events per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/radio-broadcasting/": {"t": "Radio broadcasting", "s": "Transmission of audio signals via radio waves to receivers."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing/": {"t": "Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing", "s": "A digital modulation scheme using multiple orthogonal subcarriers."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/constellation-diagram/": {"t": "Constellation diagram", "s": "A scatter diagram of digital modulation symbols in the complex plane.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/img/radio-modulation-modes/constellation-diagram.webp", "c": "Superspritz · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/minimum-shift-keying/": {"t": "Minimum-shift keying", "s": "A constant-envelope digital modulation with half-bit-rate frequency separation."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/phase-modulation/": {"t": "Phase modulation", "s": "Angle modulation encoding message signal as carrier phase variations."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/signal-modulation/": {"t": "Signal modulation", "s": "Modulation varies a carrier wave to transmit information."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/single-sideband-modulation/": {"t": "Single-sideband modulation", "s": "A bandwidth- and power-efficient refinement of amplitude modulation."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/amateur-radio/": {"t": "Amateur radio", "s": "Non-commercial radio communication for experimentation, recreation, and emergency service."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/air-ground-radiotelephone-service/": {"t": "Air-ground radiotelephone service", "s": "In-flight voice and data service via dedicated radio frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/edwin-howard-armstrong/": {"t": "Edwin Howard Armstrong", "s": "Inventor of FM radio and superheterodyne receiver system."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/phase-waves/": {"t": "Phase (waves)", "s": "Angle-like quantity representing the fraction of a cycle covered."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/ultra-high-frequency/": {"t": "Ultra high frequency", "s": "UHF band spans 300 MHz to 3 GHz, enabling line-of-sight communications."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/x-band/": {"t": "X band", "s": "A microwave band used for radar, space communications, and terrestrial broadband."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/new-horizons/": {"t": "New Horizons", "s": "The first spacecraft to explore Pluto and the Kuiper belt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/space-missions/img/space-missions/new-horizons.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Horizons · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/doppler-effect/": {"t": "Doppler effect", "s": "Frequency shift due to relative motion between source and observer."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/quadrature-amplitude-modulation/": {"t": "Quadrature amplitude modulation", "s": "A family of modulation methods conveying two signals on orthogonal carriers."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/pulse-amplitude-modulation/": {"t": "Pulse-amplitude modulation", "s": "PAM encodes message information in pulse amplitude."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/spark-gap-transmitter/": {"t": "Spark-gap transmitter", "s": "The first type of radio transmitter, using electric sparks to generate waves."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telegraph/": {"t": "Telegraph", "s": "Long-distance text transmission using symbolic codes, not physical exchange."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/on-off-keying/": {"t": "On–off keying", "s": "OOK encodes data as carrier presence or absence."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/morse-code/": {"t": "Morse code", "s": "A method of encoding text using dots and dashes."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/frequency-plan/": {"t": "Frequency plan", "s": "A band plan defines how a radio band is used and shared."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/envelope-waves/": {"t": "Envelope (waves)", "s": "Smooth curve outlining the extremes of an oscillating signal."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/reduced-carrier-transmission/": {"t": "Reduced-carrier transmission", "s": "AM transmission reducing carrier level to save power and boost sidebands."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/envelope-detector/": {"t": "Envelope detector", "s": "Circuit that extracts the envelope of a high-frequency signal."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/high-frequency/": {"t": "High frequency", "s": "HF enables long-distance radio communication via ionospheric skywave propagation."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/hierarchical-modulation/": {"t": "Hierarchical modulation", "s": "Layered modulation for graceful signal degradation in digital TV."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/link-adaptation/": {"t": "Link adaptation", "s": "Dynamic matching of modulation and coding to radio link conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/mpeg/e/mpeg/atsc-standards/": {"t": "ATSC standards", "s": "Digital television standards for broadcast and cable transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-inventions/e/japanese-inventions/digital-television/": {"t": "Digital television", "s": "Digital encoding of television signals for improved quality and efficiency."}, "https://codexery.com/antenna-types/e/antenna-types/television-antenna/": {"t": "Television antenna", "s": "Antenna for receiving over-the-air television broadcasts."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-to-noise-ratio/": {"t": "Signal-to-noise ratio", "s": "Measure comparing signal power to background noise power."}, "https://codexery.com/mpeg-4/e/mpeg-4/advanced-video-coding/": {"t": "Advanced Video Coding", "s": "The most widely used video compression standard worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mpeg-4/img/mpeg-4/advanced-video-coding.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Advanced Video Coding · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/vc-1/": {"t": "VC-1", "s": "Video coding format standardized as SMPTE 421."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/tv-and-fm-dx/": {"t": "TV and FM DX", "s": "The hobby of receiving distant TV and FM signals via unusual propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/oscillation/": {"t": "Oscillation", "s": "Repetitive variation about a central value across many scientific fields."}, "https://codexery.com/psychoacoustics/e/psychoacoustics/beat-acoustics/": {"t": "Beat (acoustics)", "s": "Periodic volume variation from interference of two close frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/phase-velocity/": {"t": "Phase velocity", "s": "Speed of a wave's constant-phase surface."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/group-velocity/": {"t": "Group velocity", "s": "Velocity of the envelope of a wave packet."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/speed-of-light/": {"t": "Speed of light", "s": "Universal constant defining the maximum speed in spacetime."}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/brillouin-zone/": {"t": "Brillouin zone", "s": "A primitive cell in reciprocal space for periodic media.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crystallography/img/crystallography/brillouin-zone.webp", "c": "Inductiveload · Public domain"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/foster-seeley-discriminator/": {"t": "Foster–Seeley discriminator", "s": "FM detector using a tuned transformer and rectifier diodes."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telecommunications/": {"t": "Telecommunications", "s": "Transmission of information over distance by electrical or electronic means."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-processing/": {"t": "Signal processing", "s": "Subfield of electrical engineering for analyzing and modifying signals."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/radioteletype/": {"t": "Radioteletype", "s": "Radioteletype connects teleprinters over radio using FSK or AFSK modulation."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/radar/": {"t": "Radar", "s": "Radio waves detect and track objects by reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/family-radio-service/": {"t": "Family Radio Service", "s": "Unlicensed UHF walkie-talkie service for short-range personal communication."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/sideband/": {"t": "Sideband", "s": "Sidebands carry the information in a modulated radio signal."}, "https://codexery.com/rules-of-thumb/e/rules-of-thumb/rule-of-thumb/": {"t": "Rule of thumb", "s": "A practical approximation method, not a legal doctrine."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/phase-locked-loop/": {"t": "Phase-locked loop", "s": "A control system that locks output phase to input phase."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/amplitude-shift-keying/": {"t": "Amplitude-shift keying", "s": "Digital data encoded as carrier amplitude variations."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/phase-shift-keying/": {"t": "Phase-shift keying", "s": "Digital modulation that encodes data by varying carrier phase."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/bluetooth/": {"t": "Bluetooth", "s": "Short-range wireless standard uniting devices via radio waves."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-telecommunication-union/": {"t": "International Telecommunication Union", "s": "Oldest UN agency, founded as International Telegraph Union in 1865."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/alternating-current/": {"t": "Alternating current", "s": "Electric current that reverses direction and enables efficient power transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/power-supply/": {"t": "Power supply", "s": "Device converting electric current to power electrical loads."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electrical-resistance-and-conductance/": {"t": "Electrical resistance and conductance", "s": "Fundamental electrical properties quantifying opposition and ease of current flow."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/transformer/": {"t": "Transformer", "s": "Passive component that transfers electrical energy via electromagnetic induction."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/polar-modulation/": {"t": "Polar modulation", "s": "Polar modulation uses amplitude and phase to enable non-linear amplifiers."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/spectral-density/": {"t": "Spectral density", "s": "Distribution of signal power over frequency components."}, "https://codexery.com/rules-of-thumb/e/rules-of-thumb/carson-bandwidth-rule/": {"t": "Carson bandwidth rule", "s": "Estimates bandwidth for frequency-modulated signals, capturing 98% of energy."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/rf-power-amplifier/": {"t": "RF power amplifier", "s": "Converts low-power RF signals into higher-power signals for transmission.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/img/radio-electronics/rf-power-amplifier.webp", "c": "Mister rf · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/in-phase-and-quadrature-components/": {"t": "In-phase and quadrature components", "s": "Two orthogonal sinusoids that represent amplitude and phase modulation."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/product-detector/": {"t": "Product detector", "s": "A demodulator that multiplies signal with a local oscillator."}, "https://codexery.com/2020s-american-television-news-shows/e/2020s-american-television-news-shows/crosstalk/": {"t": "CrossTalk", "s": "RT's flagship debate show, known for its freewheeling format."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/microwave/": {"t": "Microwave", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation between radio waves and infrared, used widely in technology."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/multipath-propagation/": {"t": "Multipath propagation", "s": "Multipath causes signals to arrive via multiple paths, creating interference."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-power/": {"t": "Electric power", "s": "Electric power is the rate of electrical energy transfer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-power.webp", "c": "Alan O'Dowd · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/beat-frequency-oscillator/": {"t": "Beat frequency oscillator", "s": "BFO makes CW and SSB signals audible in radio receivers."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/shortwave-radio/": {"t": "Shortwave radio", "s": "Shortwave radio enables long-distance communication via ionospheric reflection."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/double-sideband-suppressed-carrier-transmission/": {"t": "Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission", "s": "DSB-SC transmits both sidebands but suppresses the carrier for efficiency."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telephone/": {"t": "Telephone", "s": "A device for distant voice communication via electronic signals."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/intermodulation/": {"t": "Intermodulation", "s": "Unwanted frequency components from nonlinear mixing of multiple signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/img/radio-electronics/intermodulation.webp", "c": "Nader Moussa · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-musical-instruments/e/inventors-of-musical-instruments/harald-bode/": {"t": "Harald Bode", "s": "German engineer who pioneered polyphonic synthesizers and electronic sound processing."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/karlheinz-stockhausen/": {"t": "Karlheinz Stockhausen", "s": "German composer and pioneer of electronic music (1928–2007)"}, "https://codexery.com/operas-set-in-mythological-places/e/operas-set-in-mythological-places/sonntag-aus-licht/": {"t": "Sonntag aus Licht", "s": "The last-composed opera of Stockhausen's Licht cycle."}, "https://codexery.com/american-robot-films/e/american-robot-films/forbidden-planet/": {"t": "Forbidden Planet", "s": "A landmark sci-fi film with an electronic score and Robby the Robot."}, "https://codexery.com/mute-records-artists/e/mute-records-artists/bbc-radiophonic-workshop/": {"t": "BBC Radiophonic Workshop", "s": "BBC unit pioneering electronic music and sound effects."}, "https://codexery.com/famous-aliens/e/famous-aliens/the-daleks/": {"t": "The Daleks", "s": "Xenophobic cyborg aliens bent on universal conquest."}, "https://codexery.com/british-television-series-about-time/e/british-television-series-about-time-travel/doctor-who/": {"t": "Doctor Who", "s": "A Time Lord travels through space and time in a police box."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-musical-instruments/e/inventors-of-musical-instruments/don-buchla/": {"t": "Don Buchla", "s": "Co-inventor of the voltage controlled modular synthesizer."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-fusion-guitarists/e/jazz-fusion-guitarists/john-mclaughlin-musician/": {"t": "John McLaughlin (musician)", "s": "English guitarist and pioneer of jazz fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-ensembles-from-new-york-city/e/jazz-ensembles-from-new-york-city/mahavishnu-orchestra/": {"t": "Mahavishnu Orchestra", "s": "New York jazz fusion band blending Indian classical, jazz, and rock.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-ensembles-from-new-york-city/img/jazz-ensembles-from-new-york-city/mahavishnu-orchestra.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mahavishnu Orchestra · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/miles-davis/": {"t": "Miles Davis", "s": "The most revered jazz trumpeter of all time, a pioneer of multiple jazz styles."}, "https://codexery.com/english-heavy-metal-musical-groups/e/english-heavy-metal-musical-groups/deep-purple/": {"t": "Deep Purple", "s": "British pioneers of heavy metal and hard rock.", "i": "https://codexery.com/english-heavy-metal-musical-groups/img/english-heavy-metal-musical-groups/deep-purple.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Deep Purple · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/amateur-radio-operator/": {"t": "Amateur radio operator", "s": "Licensed two-way communicators on amateur radio frequencies worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/digital-signal-processor/": {"t": "Digital signal processor", "s": "Specialized microprocessor for real-time digital signal processing."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radio-frequency/": {"t": "Radio frequency", "s": "Oscillation rate enabling radio wave radiation and technology."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/intermediate-frequency/": {"t": "Intermediate frequency", "s": "A fixed intermediate frequency enables selective filtering and stable amplification.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/img/radio-electronics/intermediate-frequency.webp", "c": "Chetvorno · CC0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/software-defined-radio/": {"t": "Software-defined radio", "s": "Radio communication system implemented via software on general-purpose hardware."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-program/": {"t": "Computer program", "s": "A sequence of instructions executed by a computer."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/video/": {"t": "Video", "s": "Electronic medium for recording and displaying moving visual images."}, "https://codexery.com/rf-connectors-and-coax/e/rf-connectors-and-coax/coaxial-cable/": {"t": "Coaxial cable", "s": "Coaxial cable is an unbalanced transmission line for high-frequency signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rf-connectors-and-coax/img/rf-connectors-and-coax/coaxial-cable.webp", "c": "Ohgud.kibn7ewyu2 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventors/e/canadian-inventors/reginald-fessenden/": {"t": "Reginald Fessenden", "s": "Canadian-American inventor who pioneered AM radio and sonar."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/electrolytic-detector/": {"t": "Electrolytic detector", "s": "Early rectifying detector used to demodulate AM radio signals."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-people/e/amateur-radio-people/john-ambrose-fleming/": {"t": "John Ambrose Fleming", "s": "Inventor of the vacuum tube and designer of the first transatlantic radio transmitter."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/magnetic-detector/": {"t": "Magnetic detector", "s": "Early radio detector using iron hysteresis to receive Morse code."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/crystal-detector/": {"t": "Crystal detector", "s": "Early semiconductor diode used to demodulate radio signals in crystal radios."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/integrated-circuit/": {"t": "Integrated circuit", "s": "Compact electronic circuits on a semiconductor chip revolutionized modern technology."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/standing-wave-ratio/": {"t": "Standing wave ratio", "s": "SWR measures impedance matching via standing wave amplitude ratio."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/electrical-capacitor/": {"t": "Electrical capacitor", "s": "Passive component storing electrical energy via separated conductors."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/crystal-radio/": {"t": "Crystal radio", "s": "A passive radio receiver powered solely by received radio waves."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/grid-leak-detector/": {"t": "Grid-leak detector", "s": "Demodulates and amplifies AM signals using a vacuum tube."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/local-oscillator/": {"t": "Local oscillator", "s": "Local oscillators enable frequency conversion in superheterodyne receivers and many communications systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/img/radio-electronics/local-oscillator.webp", "c": "Mister rf · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/gilbert-cell/": {"t": "Gilbert cell", "s": "Balanced mixer providing accurate multiplication of differential input currents."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/direct-current/": {"t": "Direct current", "s": "Direct current flows in one constant direction."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/germanium/": {"t": "Germanium", "s": "A lustrous, hard-brittle metalloid in the carbon group, used in semiconductors and fiber optics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry/img/chemistry/germanium.webp", "c": "Mister rf · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/analog-synthesizer/": {"t": "Analog synthesizer", "s": "Electronic sound generator using analog circuits and signals."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/frequency-mixer/": {"t": "Frequency mixer", "s": "A circuit that produces sum and difference frequencies from two inputs."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/direct-conversion-receiver/": {"t": "Direct-conversion receiver", "s": "A single-conversion receiver that demodulates by synchronous detection at the carrier frequency."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/constellation-shaping/": {"t": "Constellation shaping", "s": "Modifies symbol probabilities to improve energy efficiency in digital modulation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/img/radio-modulation-modes/constellation-shaping.webp", "c": "ESO, IAU and Sky & Telescope · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/arq-m/": {"t": "ARQ-M", "s": "A duplex radio protocol for reliable telex over shortwave."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/arq-e/": {"t": "ARQ-E", "s": "A synchronous shortwave data system with automatic error correction."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-current/": {"t": "Electric current", "s": "Flow of charged particles through a conductor or space."}, "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/e/world-capital-cities/paramaribo/": {"t": "Paramaribo", "s": "Capital and largest city of Suriname, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/img/world-capital-cities/paramaribo.webp", "c": "Willem van de Poll · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/kinshasa/": {"t": "Kinshasa", "s": "Capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a fast-growing megacity on the Congo River."}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-operators/e/satellite-operators/optus/": {"t": "Optus", "s": "Second-largest Australian telecom, wholly owned by Singtel."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/n-djamena/": {"t": "N'Djamena", "s": "Capital and largest city of Chad, on the Chari River."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/dakar/": {"t": "Dakar", "s": "Capital of Senegal, westernmost point of mainland Africa"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/moroni-comoros/": {"t": "Moroni, Comoros", "s": "Capital and largest city of the Union of the Comoros."}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/binary-code/": {"t": "Binary code", "s": "Binary code encodes data using two symbols, typically 0 and 1."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/rca-corporation/": {"t": "RCA Corporation", "s": "Pioneering American electronics and communications firm for over five decades."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/telegram/": {"t": "Telegram", "s": "A written message transmitted by telegraph, popular from the 19th to mid-20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/multiple-frequency-shift-keying/": {"t": "Multiple frequency-shift keying", "s": "MFSK uses multiple tones to transmit data with constant envelope."}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/global-positioning-system/": {"t": "Global Positioning System", "s": "A satellite navigation system providing global positioning and timing."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/text-messaging/": {"t": "Text messaging", "s": "Electronic messaging between mobile devices via SMS, MMS, and apps."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/line-of-sight-propagation/": {"t": "Line-of-sight propagation", "s": "Radio waves above 30 MHz travel in a direct visual path."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-organizations/e/part-1/amateur-radio-emergency-service/": {"t": "Amateur Radio Emergency Service", "s": "Trained volunteers providing emergency communications when all else fails."}, "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/e/natural-disasters/hurricane-katrina/": {"t": "Hurricane Katrina", "s": "The 2005 Category 5 hurricane that flooded New Orleans and became the costliest US tropical cyclone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/img/natural-disasters/hurricane-katrina.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hurricane Katrina · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/indian-regional-navigation-satellite-system/": {"t": "Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System", "s": "India's autonomous regional satellite navigation system providing PVT services."}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/galileo-satellite-navigation-system/": {"t": "Galileo (satellite navigation system)", "s": "European Union's civilian GNSS providing independent high-precision positioning."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/satellite-navigation/": {"t": "Satellite navigation", "s": "Satellite navigation uses satellite signals for precise positioning worldwide."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/direct-sequence-spread-spectrum/": {"t": "Direct-sequence spread spectrum", "s": "Spreads signal bandwidth to reduce interference and enable multiple access."}, "https://codexery.com/graphs-and-data-visualization/e/graphs-and-data-visualization/scatter-plot/": {"t": "Scatter plot", "s": "A plot using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables, often used to reveal correlations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/graphs-and-data-visualization/img/graphs-and-data-visualization/scatter-plot.webp", "c": "RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/e/maps-and-their-symbols/heat-map/": {"t": "Heat map", "s": "A two-dimensional data visualization technique that represents magnitude as color, from 1873 shaded matrices to modern digital heat maps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/img/maps-and-their-symbols/heat-map.webp", "c": "Source 1: Own work based on: Basemap.png , Source 2: Copernicus programme · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rf-test-equipment/e/rf-test-equipment/electronic-test-equipment/": {"t": "Electronic test equipment", "s": "Equipment for creating signals and capturing responses from devices under test.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rf-test-equipment/img/rf-test-equipment/electronic-test-equipment.webp", "c": "Mitch Altman from San Francisco, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rf-test-equipment/e/rf-test-equipment/vector-signal-analyzer/": {"t": "Vector signal analyzer", "s": "Measures magnitude and phase of signals for modulation analysis."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/maximum-likelihood-estimation/": {"t": "Maximum likelihood estimation", "s": "A method maximizing likelihood to estimate distribution parameters."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying/": {"t": "Amplitude and phase-shift keying", "s": "APSK combines amplitude and phase modulation for lower error rates."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution/": {"t": "Normal distribution", "s": "A continuous probability distribution with a bell-shaped density curve.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution.webp", "c": "TYalaA · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Electromagnetic radiation", "s": "Self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field carrying energy."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-mass-function/": {"t": "Probability mass function", "s": "Function giving probability of a discrete random variable equaling a value.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/probability-mass-function.webp", "c": "HB · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/very-high-frequency/": {"t": "Very high frequency", "s": "VHF spans 30–300 MHz, enabling line-of-sight radio for broadcasting, aviation, and marine use."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/icom-incorporated/": {"t": "Icom Incorporated", "s": "Japanese manufacturer of radio transmitting and receiving equipment since 1954."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-and-audio-gear/e/headphones-and-audio-gear/kenwood-corporation/": {"t": "Kenwood Corporation", "s": "Japanese electronics brand known for audio and amateur radio gear."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/american-radio-relay-league/": {"t": "American Radio Relay League", "s": "Largest US amateur radio membership association, founded 1914."}, "https://codexery.com/satellites/e/satellites/satellite/": {"t": "Satellite", "s": "Artificial objects placed into orbit around a celestial body."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/23-centimeter-band/": {"t": "23-centimeter band", "s": "A secondary UHF band for amateur radio and satellite use."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/linux-kernel/": {"t": "Linux kernel", "s": "Free and open-source kernel powering billions of devices worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/e/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/automatic-packet-reporting-system/": {"t": "Automatic Packet Reporting System", "s": "Amateur radio protocol for real-time local data sharing."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/raspberry-pi/": {"t": "Raspberry Pi", "s": "Low-cost single-board computers for education and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/correlation/": {"t": "Correlation", "s": "Correlation measures linear relationships but does not imply causation."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/sound-card/": {"t": "Sound card", "s": "An expansion card providing computer audio input and output."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-and-audio-gear/e/headphones-and-audio-gear/headphones/": {"t": "Headphones", "s": "Electroacoustic transducers worn over or in the ears for private listening.", "i": "https://codexery.com/headphones-and-audio-gear/img/headphones-and-audio-gear/headphones.webp", "c": "R. Henrik Nilsson · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/psk31/": {"t": "PSK31", "s": "A narrowband digital mode for keyboard-to-keyboard amateur radio chat."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/olivia-mfsk/": {"t": "Olivia MFSK", "s": "A robust amateur MFSK protocol for weak-signal shortwave communication."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-organizations/e/part-1/amateur-radio-emergency-communications/": {"t": "Amateur Radio Emergency Communications", "s": "New Zealand's amateur radio emergency communications service, formerly the Amateur Radio Emergency Corps."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/c-programming-language/": {"t": "C (programming language)", "s": "The foundational systems programming language that powers operating systems, embedded systems, and more."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/operating-system/": {"t": "Operating system", "s": "The layer of software that manages a computer's resources for its users and their applications."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-red-cross-and-red-crescent-movement/": {"t": "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement", "s": "Humanitarian movement founded to alleviate suffering and protect human life."}, "https://codexery.com/military-and-two-way-radios/e/military-and-two-way-radios/an-prc-119/": {"t": "AN/PRC-119", "s": "Man-pack VHF combat-net radio for U.S. and allied forces."}, "https://codexery.com/scale-models-and-railroads/e/scale-models-and-railroads/radio-controlled-model/": {"t": "Radio-controlled model", "s": "A model steerable via radio control, spanning vehicles from cars to submarines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/scale-models-and-railroads/img/scale-models-and-railroads/radio-controlled-model.webp", "c": "Sherwin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/guglielmo-marconi/": {"t": "Guglielmo Marconi", "s": "Italian inventor of practical wireless telegraphy and Nobel laureate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/guglielmo-marconi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Guglielmo Marconi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/telefunken/": {"t": "Telefunken", "s": "German electronics pioneer from radio to television and computing."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/hedy-lamarr/": {"t": "Hedy Lamarr", "s": "Actress and co-inventor of a radio guidance system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/hedy-lamarr.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hedy Lamarr · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/george-antheil/": {"t": "George Antheil", "s": "Avant-garde composer, pianist, and inventor of frequency-hopping technology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/img/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/george-antheil.webp", "c": "Berenice Abbott · via Wikipedia: George Antheil · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/co-channel-interference/": {"t": "Co-channel interference", "s": "Crosstalk from two transmitters using the same channel.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/img/radio-propagation/co-channel-interference.webp", "c": "Andrew Crouthamel · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/wsjt-amateur-radio-software/": {"t": "WSJT (amateur radio software)", "s": "Weak-signal amateur radio software for exotic propagation modes."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/psk-reporter/": {"t": "PSK Reporter", "s": "Signal reporting network mapping amateur radio reception worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/solar-cycle/": {"t": "Solar cycle", "s": "An 11-year periodic change in solar activity and sunspot numbers."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/qrp-operation/": {"t": "QRP operation", "s": "Low-power amateur radio operation emphasizing efficiency and skill."}, "https://codexery.com/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/e/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/wwv-radio-station/": {"t": "WWV (radio station)", "s": "Official U.S. time broadcast continuously since 1945."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/meteor-burst-communications/": {"t": "Meteor burst communications", "s": "Brief radio links via meteor trails, used for decades."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/sporadic-e-propagation/": {"t": "Sporadic E propagation", "s": "Unpredictable VHF propagation via ionized patches in the lower E region."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/fax/": {"t": "Fax", "s": "Telephonic transmission of scanned documents to a remote printer."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/teleprinter/": {"t": "Teleprinter", "s": "Electromechanical device for typed message transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/factions/wehrmacht/": {"t": "Wehrmacht", "s": "Nazi Germany's armed forces, Easy Company's enemy from Normandy to Bavaria."}, "https://codexery.com/algorithms-and-data-structures/e/algorithms-and-data-structures/fast-fourier-transform/": {"t": "Fast Fourier transform", "s": "Algorithm computing discrete Fourier transforms in O(n log n) time."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/qsl-card/": {"t": "QSL card", "s": "A postcard-sized confirmation of radio contact or reception."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/fading/": {"t": "Fading", "s": "Variation of signal attenuation over time, position, and frequency."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/rockwell-collins/": {"t": "Rockwell Collins", "s": "Avionics and communications supplier from Collins Radio to Collins Aerospace."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/automatic-identification-system/": {"t": "Automatic identification system", "s": "A ship tracking system using VHF transponders for collision avoidance."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/error-vector-magnitude/": {"t": "Error vector magnitude", "s": "A measure of deviation from ideal constellation points.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/img/radio-modulation-modes/error-vector-magnitude.webp", "c": "Chetvorno · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/image-response/": {"t": "Image response", "s": "Measure of a superheterodyne receiver's ability to reject the image frequency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/img/radio-electronics/image-response.webp", "c": "Greubel Forsey · CC BY 3.0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/fldigi/": {"t": "Fldigi", "s": "Free sound-card modem software for amateur radio worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/e/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/voice-of-america/": {"t": "Voice of America", "s": "U.S. government-funded international broadcaster founded in 1942."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/skywave/": {"t": "Skywave", "s": "Skywave enables long-distance radio communication by reflecting signals off the ionosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/coherence-bandwidth/": {"t": "Coherence bandwidth", "s": "Frequency range over which channel fading is correlated."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/automatic-link-establishment/": {"t": "Automatic link establishment", "s": "Digital standard for automatic HF radio linking and channel selection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/img/radio-modulation-modes/automatic-link-establishment.webp", "c": "Mississippi Department of Archives and History · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-inventors/e/ukrainian-inventors/vadym-slyusar/": {"t": "Vadym Slyusar", "s": "Founder of tensor-matrix theory of digital antenna arrays and N-OFDM."}, "https://codexery.com/antenna-types/e/antenna-types/digital-antenna-array/": {"t": "Digital antenna array", "s": "Smart antenna using multi-channel digital beamforming via FFT.", "i": "https://codexery.com/antenna-types/img/antenna-types/digital-antenna-array.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author or not provided · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/shortwave-bands/": {"t": "Shortwave bands", "s": "Shortwave bands enable long-distance skywave communication via ionospheric reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/amateur-radio-net/": {"t": "Amateur radio net", "s": "A scheduled gathering of amateur radio operators for a common purpose."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/television/": {"t": "Television", "s": "A telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/dect/": {"t": "DECT", "s": "ETSI cordless telephony standard, evolved for IoT and 5G."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/4g/": {"t": "4G", "s": "All-IP packet-switched cellular generation with gigabit-speed capability."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/ghosting-television/": {"t": "Ghosting (television)", "s": "A ghost is a replica of the transmitted image, offset in position."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-inventions/e/swiss-inventions/digital-audio-broadcasting/": {"t": "Digital Audio Broadcasting", "s": "Digital radio standard for broadcasting audio services worldwide."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiple-access/": {"t": "Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access", "s": "Multi-user OFDM variant assigning subcarriers to individual users."}, "https://codexery.com/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/e/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/terminal-node-controller/": {"t": "Terminal node controller", "s": "A device for amateur radio AX.25 packet networking.", "i": "https://codexery.com/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/img/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/terminal-node-controller.webp", "c": "Adamantios · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-organizations/e/part-1/national-traffic-system/": {"t": "National Traffic System", "s": "Organized amateur radio network for relaying messages across North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-organizations/img/part-1/national-traffic-system.webp", "c": "GrandTetonNPS · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/e/packet-radio-and-radio-hobbies/winlink/": {"t": "Winlink", "s": "Worldwide radio email system for amateur and government use."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/types-of-radio-emissions/": {"t": "Types of radio emissions", "s": "ITU system for classifying radio emissions by signal characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/angle/": {"t": "Angle", "s": "A geometric figure formed by two lines meeting at a point."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/low-earth-orbit/": {"t": "Low Earth orbit", "s": "Low Earth orbit hosts most artificial satellites and space stations."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/random-variable/": {"t": "Random variable", "s": "A measurable function from sample space to measurable space."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/complementary-code-keying/": {"t": "Complementary code keying", "s": "A modulation scheme for 802.11b at 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/hellschreiber/": {"t": "Hellschreiber", "s": "A facsimile teleprinter providing intelligible communication over poor links."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/radio-propagation/": {"t": "Radio propagation", "s": "Radio waves travel via line-of-sight, ground wave, and skywave modes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/img/radio-propagation/radio-propagation.webp", "c": "Mysid · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/q-code/": {"t": "Q code", "s": "Standardized three-letter codes for unambiguous radio communication."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematical-logic-and-computation/e/mathematical-logic-and-computation/viterbi-algorithm/": {"t": "Viterbi algorithm", "s": "Dynamic programming algorithm for finding most likely hidden state sequences."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/pulse-position-modulation/": {"t": "Pulse-position modulation", "s": "PPM encodes data via pulse timing, used in optical and RC systems."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/gddr6-sdram/": {"t": "GDDR6 SDRAM", "s": "High-bandwidth graphics memory succeeding GDDR5, standardized by JEDEC in 2017."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/plant-biology/photosynthesis/": {"t": "Photosynthesis", "s": "The process by which plants and other organisms convert light into chemical energy."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/thylakoid/": {"t": "Thylakoid", "s": "Membrane-bound compartments where photosynthesis begins."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-military-equipment/e/ancient-greek-military-equipment/hydraulic-telegraph/": {"t": "Hydraulic telegraph", "s": "Two water-based semaphore systems separated by millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model/e/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model-aircraft/model-aircraft/": {"t": "Model aircraft", "s": "Physical models of aircraft for display, research, or amusement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model/img/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model-aircraft/model-aircraft.webp", "c": "Ank Kumar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/frequency-hopping-spread-spectrum/": {"t": "Frequency-hopping spread spectrum", "s": "A method of rapidly switching carrier frequencies to resist interference and eavesdropping."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/baudot-code/": {"t": "Baudot code", "s": "Five-bit telegraph code that preceded ITA2 and ASCII."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/e/computer-mice-and-monitors/computer-monitor/": {"t": "Computer monitor", "s": "An output device displaying pictorial or textual 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"https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/img/world-capital-cities/pyongyang.webp", "c": "(stephan) · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/antenna-types/e/antenna-types/smart-antenna/": {"t": "Smart antenna", "s": "Antenna arrays using signal processing to steer beams and null interference."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/stockholm/": {"t": "Stockholm", "s": "The capital of Sweden, spanning fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/ericsson/": {"t": "Ericsson", "s": "Swedish telecom giant, inventor of Bluetooth, 5G leader."}, 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"https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/panasonic/": {"t": "Panasonic", "s": "A Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer with a global brand."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/headphones-mics-and-mice/wireless-microphone/": {"t": "Wireless microphone", "s": "A cable-free microphone using radio waves for audio transmission."}, "/e/radio-modulation-modes/cyclic-prefix/": {"t": "Cyclic prefix", "s": "Prefixing a symbol with its end to combat multipath interference.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/img/radio-modulation-modes/cyclic-prefix.webp", "c": "Pravindrakumar iit · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/military-and-two-way-radios/e/military-and-two-way-radios/walkie-talkie/": {"t": "Walkie-talkie", "s": "Hand-held two-way radio transceiver developed during the Second World War."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/effective-radiated-power/": {"t": "Effective radiated power", "s": "ERP measures 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"https://codexery.com/military-and-two-way-radios/e/military-and-two-way-radios/software-communications-architecture/": {"t": "Software Communications Architecture", "s": "Open architecture framework for waveform portability and reuse in SDR systems."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/economies-of-scale/": {"t": "Economies of scale", "s": "Cost advantages obtained by enterprises due to their scale of operation."}}