{"/e/psychology/mind/": {"t": "Mind", "s": "The totality of mental phenomena, conscious and unconscious."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/adolescence/": {"t": "Adolescence", "s": "Transitional stage from puberty to adulthood."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/adult/": {"t": "Adult", "s": "A stage of life defined by biology, law, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/e/family-and-kinship/child/": {"t": "Child", "s": "A human being between birth and puberty, or a minor under the law.", "i": "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/img/family-and-kinship/child.webp", "c": "Alberto .... · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/jean-piaget/": {"t": "Jean Piaget", "s": "Swiss psychologist and pioneer of genetic epistemology", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/jean-piaget.webp", "c": "MHM55 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/language/": {"t": "Language", "s": "A structured system of communication with grammar and vocabulary."}, "https://codexery.com/ethics-morality/e/ethics-and-morality/morality/": {"t": "Morality", "s": "A system of standards for evaluating actions and character."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/play-activity/": {"t": "Play (activity)", "s": "Intrinsically motivated recreation across life stages and species."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-development/": {"t": "Cognitive development", "s": "Field studying how children's cognition emerges and matures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-development.webp", "c": "design: John Manoogian III categories and descriptions: Buster Benson implementa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/depression-mood/": {"t": "Depression (mood)", "s": "A mental state of low mood and aversion to activity."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/natural-selection/": {"t": "Natural selection", "s": "The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in fitness."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/marriage/": {"t": "Marriage", "s": "A culturally and legally recognised union between spouses."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/promiscuity/": {"t": "Promiscuity", "s": "Practice of frequent or indiscriminate sexual activity with different partners."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/economics/": {"t": "Economics", "s": "Social science studying production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/img/economic-concepts/economics.webp", "c": "Pk0001 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/psychiatry/": {"t": "Psychiatry", "s": "Medical specialty treating mental disorders via diagnosis and therapy."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/politics/": {"t": "Politics", "s": "Activity of settling affairs in an organized society via government."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/language-acquisition/": {"t": "Language acquisition", "s": "The process by which humans gain language capacity."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-psychology/": {"t": "Cognitive psychology", "s": "Scientific study of human mental processes, emerging from the cognitive revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-psychology.webp", "c": "Jtneill · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/sociobiology/": {"t": "Sociobiology", "s": "Field explaining social behavior through evolutionary biology and genetics."}, "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/e/biologists-and-naturalists/nikolaas-tinbergen/": {"t": "Nikolaas Tinbergen", "s": "Dutch biologist and Nobel laureate who shaped ethology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/nikolaas-tinbergen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikolaas Tinbergen · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/on-the-origin-of-species/": {"t": "On the Origin of Species", "s": "Foundation of evolutionary biology, introducing natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/the-descent-of-man-and-selection-in-relation-to-sex/": {"t": "The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex", "s": "Applies evolutionary theory to human evolution and sexual selection."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "Salwa Farwaneh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventions/e/russian-inventions/classical-conditioning/": {"t": "Classical conditioning", "s": "A behavioral procedure pairing stimuli to produce automatic responses."}, "https://codexery.com/ailments-of-unknown-cause/e/ailments-of-unknown-cause/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/": {"t": "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "s": "A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/dyscalculia/": {"t": "Dyscalculia", "s": "A learning disorder affecting arithmetic comprehension, often persisting from childhood into adulthood."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cerebellum/": {"t": "Cerebellum", "s": "The cerebellum fine-tunes movement and supports cognitive functions."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/human-brain/": {"t": "Human brain", "s": "Central organ of the nervous system, controlling body activities."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/gain-electronics/": {"t": "Gain (electronics)", "s": "Gain measures a circuit's ability to amplify a signal."}, "https://codexery.com/emotions/e/emotions/emotion/": {"t": "Emotion", "s": "Emotions are complex states with no single agreed definition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emotions/img/emotions/emotion.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-cortex/": {"t": "Visual cortex", "s": "Brain region processing visual information from the eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/major-depressive-disorder/": {"t": "Major depressive disorder", "s": "A mood disorder causing pervasive low mood and loss of interest."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/meaning-of-life/": {"t": "Meaning of life", "s": "A contested concept of inherent significance in human existence."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/death-anxiety/": {"t": "Death anxiety", "s": "Anxiety caused by awareness of one's own mortality."}, "https://codexery.com/ethics-morality/e/ethics-and-morality/altruism/": {"t": "Altruism", "s": "Concern for others independent of personal benefit or reciprocity."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/": {"t": "Cognitive behavioral therapy", "s": "Psychotherapy combining cognitive and behavioral principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-behavioral-therapy.webp", "c": "Urstadt · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/existence/": {"t": "Existence", "s": "The state of having being or reality, contrasted with nonexistence and essence."}, "https://codexery.com/emotions/e/emotions/guilt-emotion/": {"t": "Guilt (emotion)", "s": "A moral emotion prompting reparatory behavior and relationship restoration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emotions/img/emotions/guilt-emotion.webp", "c": "1 by Oscar Gustave Rejlander , rest unsure · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/emotions/e/emotions/loneliness/": {"t": "Loneliness", "s": "Loneliness is social pain motivating connection, with chronic forms linked to health risks."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/suicide/": {"t": "Suicide", "s": "The act of intentionally causing one's own death, with complex risk factors and prevention strategies."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/sense/": {"t": "Sense", "s": "Biological systems for gathering and processing environmental information."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/developmental-psychology/": {"t": "Developmental psychology", "s": "Scientific study of human growth and change across the lifespan."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/hermann-ebbinghaus/": {"t": "Hermann Ebbinghaus", "s": "Pioneer of experimental memory research, discoverer of the forgetting curve and learning curve."}, "/e/psychology/introspection/": {"t": "Introspection", "s": "Examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/ernst-heinrich-weber/": {"t": "Ernst Heinrich Weber", "s": "German medical doctor and founder of experimental psychology."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/gustav-fechner/": {"t": "Gustav Fechner", "s": "Founder of psychophysics who quantified the mind."}, "/e/psychology/gestalt-psychology/": {"t": "Gestalt psychology", "s": "School of psychology emphasizing whole patterns over individual parts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/gestalt-psychology.webp", "c": "Tuculet2017 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-sanders-peirce/": {"t": "Charles Sanders Peirce", "s": "American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher; father of pragmatism"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/joseph-jastrow/": {"t": "Joseph Jastrow", "s": "Psychologist who used the scientific method to identify truth from error and educate the public."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/semiotics/": {"t": "Semiotics", "s": "The study of signs and meaning-making across all domains."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/john-dewey/": {"t": "John Dewey", "s": "American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/behaviorism/": {"t": "Behaviorism", "s": "Systematic approach focusing on observable behavior and environmental events.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/behaviorism.webp", "c": "Tekks · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/hans-eysenck/": {"t": "Hans Eysenck", "s": "Controversial psychologist known for work on personality, intelligence, and race.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/hans-eysenck.webp", "c": "ich Inhalt: Ronald Grossarth-Maticek, Hans Jürgen Eysenck: Self-regulation and m · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/raymond-cattell/": {"t": "Raymond Cattell", "s": "Psychometric researcher of personality, intelligence, and multivariate methods."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cerebral-cortex/": {"t": "Cerebral cortex", "s": "Outer neural layer of the cerebrum, key to higher cognition."}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/pathology/pathology/": {"t": "Pathology", "s": "The study of disease, from ancient roots to modern medical practice."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-newton/": {"t": "Isaac Newton", "s": "English polymath who formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/albert-einstein/": {"t": "Albert Einstein", "s": "Theoretical physicist who developed relativity and E=mc²"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mahatma-gandhi/": {"t": "Mahatma Gandhi", "s": "Leader of India's nonviolent independence movement"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dr-seuss/": {"t": "Dr. Seuss", "s": "The beloved children's author and illustrator behind Dr. Seuss, whose whimsical books have sold over 600 million copies worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/w-b-yeats/": {"t": "W. B. Yeats", "s": "Irish poet, dramatist, and Nobel laureate."}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-young-adult-literature/e/childrens-and-young-adult-literature/j-k-rowling/": {"t": "J.K. Rowling", "s": "British author of the Harry Potter series and political commentator.", "i": "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-young-adult-literature/img/childrens-and-young-adult-literature/j-k-rowling.webp", "c": "Daniel Ogren · via Wikipedia: J. K. Rowling · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/larry-page/": {"t": "Larry Page", "s": "Co-founder of Google and creator of PageRank", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/larry-page.webp", "c": "Stansfield PL · via Wikipedia: Larry Page · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/civil-law-and-remedies/e/civil-law-and-remedies/legal-proceeding/": {"t": "Legal proceeding", "s": "Ordered process to enforce law through tribunal authority."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/clinical-psychology/": {"t": "Clinical psychology", "s": "Integration of science and practice to relieve psychological distress.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/clinical-psychology.webp", "c": "Aasif14 · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/psychology/experimental-psychology/": {"t": "Experimental psychology", "s": "Experimental psychology applies scientific methods to study mental processes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/experimental-psychology.webp", "c": "Christopher Hilton · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/offender-profiling/": {"t": "Offender profiling", "s": "Investigative strategy to identify suspects through behavioral analysis."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/hugo-m-nsterberg/": {"t": "Hugo Münsterberg", "s": "Pioneer of applied psychology and forensic psychology"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/e/criminals-and-outlaws/ted-bundy/": {"t": "Ted Bundy", "s": "The most cold-hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/img/criminals-and-outlaws/ted-bundy.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer · via Wikipedia: Ted Bundy · Public domain"}, "/e/psychology/industrial-and-organizational-psychology/": {"t": "Industrial and organizational psychology", "s": "Applied psychology optimizing work effectiveness, health, and well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/psychopathy/": {"t": "Psychopathy", "s": "A personality construct marked by impaired empathy and antisocial behavior."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/elizabeth-loftus/": {"t": "Elizabeth Loftus", "s": "Pioneer of false memory research and expert on eyewitness testimony."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/dementia/": {"t": "Dementia", "s": "A progressive syndrome of cognitive decline affecting daily life."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/amnesia/": {"t": "Amnesia", "s": "Memory loss from brain damage, disease, or trauma."}, "/e/psychology/forgetting/": {"t": "Forgetting", "s": "Forgetting is the loss or modification of stored memories.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/forgetting.webp", "c": "The original uploader was Icez at English Wikipedia . · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/pardon/": {"t": "Pardon", "s": "A government decision relieving legal consequences of a criminal conviction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/img/constitutional-and-rights-law/pardon.webp", "c": "Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-rogers/": {"t": "Carl Rogers", "s": "Founder of person-centered psychotherapy and a pioneer of humanistic psychology."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/restorative-justice/": {"t": "Restorative justice", "s": "A justice approach focused on repairing harm through dialogue."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/stanford-university/": {"t": "Stanford University", "s": "One of the top education schools in the United States, offering graduate programs in over 25 specializations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/stanford-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stanford University · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/e/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/rwandan-genocide/": {"t": "Rwandan genocide", "s": "Over approximately 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/img/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/rwandan-genocide.webp", "c": "Adam Jones, Ph.D. · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/justice/": {"t": "Justice", "s": "Justice is the constant will to render each his due."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers/e/philosophers/hannah-arendt/": {"t": "Hannah Arendt", "s": "German-Jewish philosopher and political theorist whose coverage of the Eichmann trial introduced 'the banality of evil.'"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism/": {"t": "Baptism", "s": "Christian rite of initiation using water, with varied modes and meanings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism.webp", "c": "Confidence24 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/limbo/e/characters/original-sin/": {"t": "Original sin", "s": "Inherited sinfulness from Adam and Eve, central to Christian theology."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/confession-religion/": {"t": "Confession (religion)", "s": "Acknowledgment of sins across religious traditions for spiritual healing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/img/christian-theology/confession-religion.webp", "c": "Alfred de Musset · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/edward-thorndike/": {"t": "Edward Thorndike", "s": "American psychologist who pioneered connectionism and educational psychology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/edward-thorndike.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Edward Thorndike · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/edward-b-titchener/": {"t": "Edward B. Titchener", "s": "English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt, created structuralism, and trained the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/william-james/": {"t": "William James", "s": "Father of American psychology and co-founder of pragmatism"}, "https://codexery.com/political-and-social-theorists/e/political-and-social-theorists/george-herbert-mead/": {"t": "George Herbert Mead", "s": "Pragmatist philosopher and founder of symbolic interactionism"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/james-mckeen-cattell/": {"t": "James McKeen Cattell", "s": "Pioneer of American psychology and scientific publishing."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/mary-whiton-calkins/": {"t": "Mary Whiton Calkins", "s": "American philosopher and psychologist who pioneered self-psychology."}, "/e/psychology/evolutionary-psychology/": {"t": "Evolutionary psychology", "s": "A theoretical approach applying evolutionary principles to human psychology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/evolutionary-psychology.webp", "c": "William James · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/kurt-koffka/": {"t": "Kurt Koffka", "s": "German psychologist who co-founded Gestalt psychology and studied perception."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/empiricism/": {"t": "Empiricism", "s": "Knowledge derives from sensory experience and empirical evidence."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/david-hume/": {"t": "David Hume", "s": "Scottish philosopher known for empiricism and scepticism."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/": {"t": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "s": "German polymath and most influential writer in the German language"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/immanuel-kant/": {"t": "Immanuel Kant", "s": "Central thinker of the Enlightenment, known for transcendental idealism and the categorical imperative."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/ernst-mach/": {"t": "Ernst Mach", "s": "Austrian physicist and philosopher known for the Mach number and Mach's principle."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edmund-husserl/": {"t": "Edmund Husserl", "s": "Austrian and German philosopher who founded phenomenology."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/max-planck/": {"t": "Max Planck", "s": "German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/ivan-pavlov/": {"t": "Ivan Pavlov", "s": "Russian physiologist known for classical conditioning and Nobel Prize-winning digestion research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/ivan-pavlov.webp", "c": "Vibha C Kashyap · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/ethnic-group/": {"t": "Ethnic group", "s": "A human group sharing perceived common attributes and identity."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/public-health/": {"t": "Public health", "s": "Science and art of preventing disease through organized societal efforts."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/national-health-service/": {"t": "National Health Service", "s": "Four publicly funded healthcare systems serving the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/smoking/": {"t": "Smoking", "s": "Combustion of plant material for inhalation of psychoactive fumes."}, "https://codexery.com/epidemiology/e/epidemiology/behavioral-medicine/": {"t": "Behavioral medicine", "s": "Interdisciplinary field integrating behavioral and biomedical science for health."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/epidemiology/": {"t": "Epidemiology", "s": "The study of health outcomes and diseases in specific populations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/epidemiology.webp", "c": "David P. Wilson · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/nutrition-and-diet/e/nutrition-and-diet/nutrition/": {"t": "Nutrition", "s": "The biochemical process by which organisms use food and water."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/genetics-and-genomics/genetics/": {"t": "Genetics", "s": "Study of genes and heredity"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/b-f-skinner/": {"t": "B. F. Skinner", "s": "Pioneer of operant conditioning and radical behaviorism."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/otto-rank/": {"t": "Otto Rank", "s": "Austrian psychoanalyst who broke with Freud over birth trauma."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/abraham-maslow/": {"t": "Abraham Maslow", "s": "Creator of the hierarchy of needs and pioneer of humanistic psychology."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/spirituality/": {"t": "Spirituality", "s": "A term evolving from religious re-formation to subjective sacred experience."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/philosophical-movements-and-schools/humanism/": {"t": "Humanism", "s": "A philosophy centered on human agency, reason, and well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/s-ren-kierkegaard/": {"t": "Søren Kierkegaard", "s": "Danish philosopher, theologian, and first existentialist"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/friedrich-nietzsche/": {"t": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "s": "German philosopher and philologist known for his critiques of religion, morality, and truth."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/martin-heidegger/": {"t": "Martin Heidegger", "s": "German philosopher who developed phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism, and whose work was shaped by his controversial Nazi involvement."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/jean-paul-sartre/": {"t": "Jean-Paul Sartre", "s": "French existentialist philosopher, political activist, and writer"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/philosophical-movements-and-schools/eastern-philosophy/": {"t": "Eastern philosophy", "s": "Philosophical traditions originating in East and South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers/e/philosophers/gabriel-marcel/": {"t": "Gabriel Marcel", "s": "French Christian existentialist who rejected the label 'existentialist'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers/img/philosophers/gabriel-marcel.webp", "c": "Eric Koch for Anefo · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers/e/philosophers/jacques-maritain/": {"t": "Jacques Maritain", "s": "French Catholic philosopher who revived Thomism and influenced human rights."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/martin-buber/": {"t": "Martin Buber", "s": "Philosopher of dialogue and cultural Zionist"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/gordon-allport/": {"t": "Gordon Allport", "s": "American psychologist and founding figure of personality psychology."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-arts/e/performance-arts/stage-hypnosis/": {"t": "Stage hypnosis", "s": "Entertainment hypnosis with disputed causes and historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/mentalism/": {"t": "Mentalism", "s": "Mentalism is a performing art using psychology and conjuring."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/quackery/": {"t": "Quackery", "s": "Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/rapid-eye-movement-sleep/": {"t": "Rapid eye movement sleep", "s": "REM sleep is a paradoxical phase of sleep linked to dreaming."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/clark-l-hull/": {"t": "Clark L. Hull", "s": "American psychologist known for drive theory and the goal gradient effect."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/e/pioneers-of-medicine/jean-martin-charcot/": {"t": "Jean-Martin Charcot", "s": "French neurologist who founded modern neurology and studied hysteria."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder/": {"t": "Dissociative identity disorder", "s": "A disputed dissociative disorder involving multiple personality states."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/placebo/": {"t": "Placebo", "s": "A sham treatment that can produce real psychological and physiological effects."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/instinct/": {"t": "Instinct", "s": "Innate, complex patterns of behaviour present in most members of a species."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/bruno-bettelheim/": {"t": "Bruno Bettelheim", "s": "Austrian-born American scholar known for work on autism, psychoanalysis, and fairy tales; later controversies over credentials and plagiarism."}, "/e/psychology/libido/": {"t": "Libido", "s": "Psychological energy underlying sexual desire and life processes."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/anna-freud/": {"t": "Anna Freud", "s": "Pioneer of psychoanalytic child psychology", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/anna-freud.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anna Freud · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/conscience/": {"t": "Conscience", "s": "Cognitive process eliciting emotion based on moral philosophy or value system."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/organelle/": {"t": "Organelle", "s": "Specialized subunit within a cell with a specific function."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/prometheus/": {"t": "Prometheus", "s": "Titan who stole fire and gave civilization to humanity."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-epic-poems/e/characters-in-epic-poems/atra-hasis-mythological-character/": {"t": "Atra-Hasis (mythological character)", "s": "Wise ruler of Shuruppak and hero of the flood epic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/characters-in-epic-poems/img/characters-in-epic-poems/atra-hasis-mythological-character.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/unemployment/": {"t": "Unemployment", "s": "Unemployment is the state of being without work while seeking it."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/correlation/": {"t": "Correlation", "s": "Correlation measures linear relationships but does not imply causation."}, "/e/psychology/health-psychology/": {"t": "Health psychology", "s": "Study of psychological and behavioral processes in health and illness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/health-psychology.webp", "c": "undefined · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-political-theorists-and-sociologi/e/modern-political-theorists-and-sociologists/erving-goffman/": {"t": "Erving Goffman", "s": "Canadian-born American sociologist known for dramaturgical analysis and symbolic interaction"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/sexual-harassment/": {"t": "Sexual harassment", "s": "A concept coined in the 1970s addressing unwanted sexual behavior."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medical-ethics/": {"t": "Medical ethics", "s": "Analyzing the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution/": {"t": "Normal distribution", "s": "A continuous probability distribution with a bell-shaped density curve.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution.webp", "c": "TYalaA · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/intellectual-disability/": {"t": "Intellectual disability", "s": "A generalized neurodevelopmental disorder with significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning."}, "https://codexery.com/nutrition-and-diet/e/nutrition-and-diet/human-nutrition/": {"t": "Human nutrition", "s": "Essential nutrients for life and health."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/racial-segregation/": {"t": "Racial segregation", "s": "Separation of people by race or ethnicity, often enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/francis-galton/": {"t": "Francis Galton", "s": "English polymath who originated eugenics and pioneered statistical analysis of human traits."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/mendelian-inheritance/": {"t": "Mendelian inheritance", "s": "Principles of heredity derived from pea plant experiments."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/alfred-binet/": {"t": "Alfred Binet", "s": "Co-creator of the first practical intelligence test.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/alfred-binet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alfred Binet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/lewis-terman/": {"t": "Lewis Terman", "s": "Psychologist who revised the Stanford-Binet IQ test and launched the Genetic Studies of Genius."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/david-wechsler/": {"t": "David Wechsler", "s": "Romanian-American psychologist who developed widely used intelligence scales."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/mental-representation/": {"t": "Mental representation", "s": "Internal cognitive symbols representing external reality and abstractions."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato/": {"t": "Plato", "s": "Foundational Western philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen · via Wikipedia: Plato · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/epistemology/": {"t": "Epistemology", "s": "Philosophical study of knowledge, its sources, and its limits."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/leipzig-university/": {"t": "Leipzig University", "s": "One of the world's oldest universities, founded in 1409."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/historiography/": {"t": "Historiography", "s": "The study of how history is written and interpreted.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/img/historiography-and-methods/historiography.webp", "c": "Riad Salih and Nursila · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/john-b-watson/": {"t": "John B. Watson", "s": "Founder of behaviorism who transformed psychology into a science of observable behavior."}, "/e/psychology/functional-psychology/": {"t": "Functional psychology", "s": "A school focusing on the purpose of behavior.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/functional-psychology.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/inference/": {"t": "Inference", "s": "Logical reasoning from premises to conclusions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/img/philosophical-concepts/inference.webp", "c": "Gnathan87 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/neurology/": {"t": "Neurology", "s": "Branch of medicine for nervous system disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/neurology.webp", "c": "Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions"}, "/e/psychology/id-ego-and-superego/": {"t": "Id, ego and superego", "s": "Freud's three agents of the psychic apparatus."}, "https://codexery.com/archery/e/archery/bow-and-arrow/": {"t": "Bow and arrow", "s": "A prehistoric ranged weapon system still used for hunting and sport."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/neurotransmitter/": {"t": "Neurotransmitter", "s": "Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/testosterone/": {"t": "Testosterone", "s": "Primary male sex hormone influencing development, behavior, and health.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/testosterone.webp", "c": "U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/neurosis/": {"t": "Neurosis", "s": "A historical term for anxiety-related disorders, now replaced in official diagnostic systems."}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/sexual-abstinence/": {"t": "Sexual abstinence", "s": "The practice of refraining from sexual activity for various reasons, with historical and cultural dimensions."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/intimate-relationship/": {"t": "Intimate relationship", "s": "Interpersonal bond involving emotional or physical closeness."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/infidelity/": {"t": "Infidelity", "s": "Violation of a couple's emotional or sexual exclusivity."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/menstrual-cycle/": {"t": "Menstrual cycle", "s": "Natural cycle of hormone and uterine changes enabling pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/ovulation/": {"t": "Ovulation", "s": "Release of egg cells from ovaries in the menstrual cycle."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-nutrition/e/biochemistry-and-nutrition/progesterone/": {"t": "Progesterone", "s": "Major progestogen hormone regulating reproduction and pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/orgasm/": {"t": "Orgasm", "s": "Sudden release of sexual excitement with involuntary pelvic contractions."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor/": {"t": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "s": "SSRIs block serotonin reuptake to treat depression and anxiety."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries/e/injuries/electrical-injury/": {"t": "Electrical injury", "s": "Damage from electric current; can cause burns, fibrillation, or death.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries/img/injuries/electrical-injury.webp", "c": "U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Rosalie Garcia · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/the-holocaust/": {"t": "The Holocaust", "s": "The Holocaust, called the Shoah in Hebrew, refers to the systematic murder of European Jews carried out during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/vietnam-war/": {"t": "Vietnam War", "s": "Cold War proxy war ending in communist victory across Indochina."}, "https://codexery.com/economists-and-economic-thinkers/e/economists-and-economic-thinkers/robert-j-shiller/": {"t": "Robert J. Shiller", "s": "Economist who co-developed the Case–Shiller index and won the 2013 Nobel.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economists-and-economic-thinkers/img/economists-and-economic-thinkers/robert-j-shiller.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert J. Shiller · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/avatar-computing/": {"t": "Avatar (computing)", "s": "A graphical representation of a user, their character, or persona in digital spaces."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/mind-body-problem/": {"t": "Mind–body problem", "s": "Philosophical problem of how mind and body relate."}, "https://codexery.com/spirits/e/spirits/spirit-supernatural-entity/": {"t": "Spirit (supernatural entity)", "s": "Spirits are immaterial beings between gods and humans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spirits/img/spirits/spirit-supernatural-entity.webp", "c": "Eckhard Henkel · CC BY-SA 3.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/middle-english/": {"t": "Middle English", "s": "Middle English was the language of England after the Norman Conquest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/middle-english.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle English · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/gothic-language/": {"t": "Gothic language", "s": "The earliest attested Germanic language with a sizeable text corpus, known primarily from a 6th-century Bible translation."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-perception/": {"t": "Visual perception", "s": "Visual perception is the active process of interpreting light to form meaningful representations of the environment."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/experience/": {"t": "Experience", "s": "Conscious events and the knowledge they produce."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/sa-j/": {"t": "Saṃjñā", "s": "Buddhist term for perception or cognition, grasping distinguishing features."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/vij-na/": {"t": "Vijñāna", "s": "A key Buddhist term for consciousness and mental force."}}