{"https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/nasa-astronaut-corps/": {"t": "NASA Astronaut Corps", "s": "NASA unit selecting and training astronauts for U.S. and international missions."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-canada/e/space-program-of-canada/canadarm/": {"t": "Canadarm", "s": "Robotic arm system used on Space Shuttle orbiters."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-international-space-station/": {"t": "The International Space Station", "s": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular spacecraft in low Earth orbit, assembled and operated by five partner agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, a"}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/plea-bargain/": {"t": "Plea bargain", "s": "A legal arrangement exchanging a guilty plea for prosecutorial concessions."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/e/apollo-11/apollo-11/": {"t": "Apollo 11", "s": "First crewed mission to land humans on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/img/apollo-11/apollo-11.webp", "c": "Neil A. Armstrong · via Wikipedia: Apollo 11 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/space-shuttle-program/": {"t": "Space Shuttle program", "s": "NASA's reusable spaceplane program flew 135 missions from 1981 to 2011."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/field-hockey/": {"t": "Field hockey", "s": "Team sport using curved sticks to hit a ball into the goal."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/space-shuttle/": {"t": "Space Shuttle", "s": "Partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-canada/e/space-program-of-canada/mobile-servicing-system/": {"t": "Mobile Servicing System", "s": "Canadian robotic system for ISS assembly and maintenance."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-columbia-disaster/": {"t": "The Columbia disaster", "s": "Second Space Shuttle disaster, caused by foam strike on wing."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-fatalities/e/space-program-fatalities/sts-107/": {"t": "STS-107", "s": "Final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia, ending in disaster during re-entry."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio-people/e/amateur-radio-people/laurel-clark/": {"t": "Laurel Clark", "s": "NASA astronaut and medical doctor who perished in the Columbia disaster."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/effects-of-external-causes/space-adaptation-syndrome/": {"t": "Space adaptation syndrome", "s": "Space sickness affects up to half of space travelers during weightlessness adaptation."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/space-shuttle-orbiter/": {"t": "Space Shuttle orbiter", "s": "Reusable spaceplane of NASA's Space Shuttle program, flown 1981–2011."}, "https://codexery.com/baseball-softball/e/baseball-and-softball/roger-clemens/": {"t": "Roger Clemens", "s": "Dominant pitcher with record seven Cy Young Awards.", "i": "https://codexery.com/baseball-softball/img/baseball-and-softball/roger-clemens.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Roger Clemens · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-types/e/clothing-types/trench-coat/": {"t": "Trench coat", "s": "Waterproof coat developed for British Army officers before WWI."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/e/computer-storage/floppy-disk/": {"t": "Floppy disk", "s": "A magnetic storage medium enclosed in a square plastic shell."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/amd/": {"t": "AMD", "s": "American semiconductor company competing with Intel since 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/semiconductor/": {"t": "Semiconductor", "s": "Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/fortune-magazine/": {"t": "Fortune (magazine)", "s": "The Ideal Super-Class Magazine"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-engineering/": {"t": "Electrical engineering", "s": "Discipline studying and applying electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-science/": {"t": "Computer science", "s": "Study of computation, information, and automation spanning theory to application."}, "https://codexery.com/innovators-in-industry/e/innovators-in-industry/lou-gerstner/": {"t": "Lou Gerstner", "s": "CEO who reversed IBM's breakup and led its turnaround.", "i": "https://codexery.com/innovators-in-industry/img/innovators-in-industry/lou-gerstner.webp", "c": "Kenneth C. Zirkel · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony/": {"t": "Sony", "s": "Japanese conglomerate known for electronics and entertainment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony.webp", "c": "Akonnchiroll · via Wikipedia: Sony · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/toshiba/": {"t": "Toshiba", "s": "Japanese electronics conglomerate known for flash memory and laptops.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/toshiba.webp", "c": "photo: Qurren (talk) Taken with Samsung Galaxy J (NTT docomo SC-02F) · via Wikipedia: Toshiba · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/cell-processor/": {"t": "Cell (processor)", "s": "A hybrid multi-core processor for multimedia and high-performance computing."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-3/": {"t": "PlayStation 3", "s": "Sony's ambitious seventh-generation console that popularized Blu-ray and online gaming."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/microsoft/": {"t": "Microsoft", "s": "The largest software company by revenue and one of the most valuable brands globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/microsoft.webp", "c": "3aFW · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/xbox-one/": {"t": "Xbox One", "s": "An all-in-one entertainment system and eighth-generation console."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-4/": {"t": "PlayStation 4", "s": "An eighth-generation console emphasizing social features and independent game development."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/amd-apu/": {"t": "AMD APU", "s": "AMD's integrated CPU-GPU processor for diverse computing platforms."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/zen-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Zen (microarchitecture)", "s": "AMD's Zen microarchitecture family powers Ryzen, Threadripper, and Epyc processors."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/suicide/": {"t": "Suicide", "s": "The act of intentionally causing one's own death, with complex risk factors and prevention strategies."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-rapists/e/mythological-rapists/sextus-tarquinius/": {"t": "Sextus Tarquinius", "s": "Son of Rome's last king whose rape of Lucretia sparked the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-kingdom/": {"t": "Roman Kingdom", "s": "Earliest period of Roman history, ruled by kings."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-etruscans/": {"t": "The Etruscans", "s": "Ancient Italian civilization of city-states with a distinct language and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/livy/": {"t": "Livy", "s": "Roman historian who wrote Ab Urbe Condita, a monumental history of Rome from its founding through the reign of Augustus."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/mythological-kidnapped-people/rape-of-the-sabine-women/": {"t": "Rape of the Sabine women", "s": "Legendary mass abduction of Sabine women for Roman marriage."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-roman-mythology/e/characters-in-roman-mythology/arruns-tarquinius-egerius/": {"t": "Arruns Tarquinius (Egerius)", "s": "Nephew of King Lucius Tarquinius, commander at Collatia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/patrician-ancient-rome/": {"t": "Patrician (ancient Rome)", "s": "Original ruling class of ancient Rome, distinguished from plebeians."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and author who transformed the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustine-of-hippo/": {"t": "Augustine of Hippo", "s": "Influential Christian theologian and philosopher of the Patristic Period."}, "https://codexery.com/limbo/e/characters/inferno-dante/": {"t": "Inferno (Dante)", "s": "First part of Dante's Divine Comedy, depicting a journey through Hell.", "i": "https://codexery.com/limbo/img/characters/inferno-dante.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Inferno (Dante) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/christine-de-pizan/": {"t": "Christine de Pizan", "s": "Italian-born French court writer and early feminist author", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/christine-de-pizan.webp", "c": "The original uploader was Kelson at French Wikipedia. · via Wikipedia: Christine de Pizan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/geoffrey-chaucer/": {"t": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "s": "Father of English literature and poet of The Canterbury Tales"}, "https://codexery.com/injuries/e/injuries/gunshot-wound/": {"t": "Gunshot wound", "s": "A penetrating injury from a firearm projectile with variable severity."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/midwestern-united-states/": {"t": "Midwestern United States", "s": "A north-central U.S. region of industry, agriculture, and political swing states."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tulsa-oklahoma/": {"t": "Tulsa, Oklahoma", "s": "Second-most-populous city in Oklahoma; historic oil hub."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/jurists/al-capone/": {"t": "Al Capone", "s": "American gangster and co-founder of the Chicago Outfit", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/jurists/al-capone.webp", "c": "Chicago Bureau (Federal Bureau of Investigation) - Wide World Photos. · via Wikipedia: Al Capone · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/brewing-processes/e/brewing-processes/william-hamm-jr/": {"t": "William Hamm Jr.", "s": "Brewery executive kidnapped by the Barker–Karpis Gang in 1933."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/ozark-plateau/": {"t": "Ozark Plateau", "s": "Extensive highland region spanning four U.S. states.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/ozark-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ozarks · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/e/personal-care-and-hygiene/hair-care/": {"t": "Hair care", "s": "Hair care encompasses hygiene, cosmetology, and chemical alteration of hair.", "i": "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/img/personal-care-and-hygiene/hair-care.webp", "c": "Ian S · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/cholera/": {"t": "Cholera", "s": "An infection of the small intestine by Vibrio cholerae, causing watery diarrhea and dehydration."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/ragtime/": {"t": "Ragtime", "s": "A syncopated piano style that shaped early American popular music."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/african-methodist-episcopal-church/": {"t": "African Methodist Episcopal Church", "s": "A historic Methodist denomination founded by Black Americans, rooted in Wesleyan-Arminian theology and episcopal polity."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/petroleum-jelly/": {"t": "Petroleum jelly", "s": "After becoming a medicine cabinet staple, consumers used it for cosmetic purposes and various ailments, though its folkloric medicinal value as a 'cure-all' has"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/philadelphia-76ers/e/stadiums/philadelphia/": {"t": "Philadelphia", "s": "The gritty, soulful city where the Sixers legacy is forged in fire and celebrated with unmatched passion."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "Southern state known for first flight and early independence call."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frederick-douglass/": {"t": "Frederick Douglass", "s": "Escaped slavery; became leading abolitionist orator and writer."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/lynching/": {"t": "Lynching", "s": "Extrajudicial mob killing used for punishment and intimidation."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mohammad-reza-pahlavi/": {"t": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi", "s": "Last Shah of Iran, overthrown in the Islamic Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/img/leaders-and-monarchs/mohammad-reza-pahlavi.webp", "c": "Ghazarians · via Wikipedia: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/e/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/gianni-agnelli/": {"t": "Gianni Agnelli", "s": "The lawyer who drove Italy"}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/fiat/": {"t": "Fiat", "s": "FIAT Automobiles S.p.A., the Italian carmaker commonly called FIAT, became a subsidiary of Stellantis in 2021 after its parent, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, merge", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/fiat.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Fiat · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/sophisti-pop-musical-groups/e/sophisti-pop-musical-groups/roxy-music/": {"t": "Roxy Music", "s": "English art-rock band that shaped glam, punk, and new wave."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/fran-oise-d-aubign-marquise-de-maintenon/": {"t": "Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon", "s": "From governess to uncrowned queen: the woman who secretly married Louis XIV."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/legitimacy-family-law/": {"t": "Legitimacy (family law)", "s": "Legal status of children born to married parents."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jean-racine/": {"t": "Jean Racine", "s": "Master of neoclassical tragedy and the French alexandrine."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/jules-hardouin-mansart/": {"t": "Jules Hardouin-Mansart", "s": "French Baroque architect who glorified Louis XIV", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/jules-hardouin-mansart.webp", "c": "Hyacinthe Rigaud · via Wikipedia: Jules Hardouin-Mansart · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/architects/e/architects/andr-le-n-tre/": {"t": "André Le Nôtre", "s": "French landscape architect who designed the gardens of Versailles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architects/img/architects/andr-le-n-tre.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: André Le Nôtre · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xv/": {"t": "Louis XV", "s": "King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774; second longest reign in French history."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/marie-antoinette/": {"t": "Marie Antoinette", "s": "Queen of France, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, executed during the French Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/img/monarchs-and-nobility/marie-antoinette.webp", "c": "Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun · via Wikipedia: Marie Antoinette · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/languedoc/": {"t": "Languedoc", "s": "Former province of France, with no single capital and a complex history of integration."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war/": {"t": "Seven Years' War", "s": "Global war that reshaped European and colonial power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war.webp", "c": "Blaue Max · via Wikipedia: Seven Years' War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xvi/": {"t": "Louis XVI", "s": "Last king of France before the fall of the monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/louis-xviii/": {"t": "Louis XVIII", "s": "The constitutional monarch who restored the Bourbon dynasty after Napoleon."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/space-shuttle-endeavour/": {"t": "Space Shuttle Endeavour", "s": "Fifth and final operational Space Shuttle orbiter built by NASA."}, "https://codexery.com/foo-fighters/e/places/chicago/": {"t": "Chicago", "s": "A wind-swept city where the spirit of rock and roll never sleeps."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/chemical-engineering/": {"t": "Chemical engineering", "s": "Engineering field focused on converting raw materials into useful products."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-set-in-the-23rd/e/television-series-set-in-the-23rd-century/star-trek-the-original-series/": {"t": "Star Trek: The Original Series", "s": "Set in the 23rd century, it follows the USS Enterprise crew."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/apollo-program/": {"t": "Apollo program", "s": "The United States human spaceflight program that landed the first humans on the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/choreography/": {"t": "Choreography", "s": "The art of designing movement sequences for dance and performance."}, "https://codexery.com/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/e/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/guion-bluford/": {"t": "Guion Bluford", "s": "First African American astronaut to fly in space.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/img/astronauts-and-space-pioneers/guion-bluford.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Guion Bluford · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-challenger-disaster/": {"t": "The Challenger disaster", "s": "A colliery spoil tip collapsed onto a Welsh village, killing 116 children and 28 adults."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/associated-press/": {"t": "Associated Press", "s": "A not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/associated-press.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Associated Press · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/effects-of-external-causes/motion-sickness/": {"t": "Motion sickness", "s": "Motion sickness arises from mismatched sensory signals about motion."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/tadpole/": {"t": "Tadpole", "s": "Larval stage of amphibians, undergoing metamorphosis to adult form.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/tadpole.webp", "c": "Brittany Sears · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/scientific-methodology/": {"t": "Scientific methodology", "s": "Empirical method for knowledge through observation, hypothesis, and experiment."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-science/": {"t": "Agricultural science", "s": "Multidisciplinary field applying science to agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/franz-liszt/": {"t": "Franz Liszt", "s": "Hungarian composer and pianist of the Romantic period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/franz-liszt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Franz Liszt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/giuseppe-verdi/": {"t": "Giuseppe Verdi", "s": "Italian composer best known for his operas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/giuseppe-verdi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Giuseppe Verdi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/mountaineering/": {"t": "Mountaineering", "s": "Mountaineering is mountain climbing or alpinism."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/balloon-aeronautics/": {"t": "Balloon (aeronautics)", "s": "Unpowered aerostat using buoyancy for flight.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/balloon-aeronautics.webp", "c": "Bradleylewis · via Wikipedia: Balloon (aeronautics) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/speed-skating/": {"t": "Speed skating", "s": "Racing on ice: from bone skates to Olympic glory."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/bobsleigh/": {"t": "Bobsleigh", "s": "A gravity-powered winter sport on ice tracks."}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/carbine/": {"t": "Carbine", "s": "A shortened long gun for high-mobility and non-infantry troops."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/fixed-wing-aircraft/": {"t": "Fixed-wing aircraft", "s": "Heavier-than-air craft that fly using aerodynamic lift from fixed wings."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ferdinand-foch/": {"t": "Ferdinand Foch", "s": "Supreme Allied Commander who coordinated the final Allied offensives in 1918.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ferdinand-foch.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Foch · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/e/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/dolomites/": {"t": "Dolomites", "s": "The Dolomites, also known as the Pale Mountains, are a mountain range in northeastern Italy, forming part of the Southern Limestone Alps."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/starbucks/": {"t": "Starbucks", "s": "Starbucks Corporation, an American multinational chain of coffeehouses and roastery reserves, is based in Seattle, Washington."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/walmart/": {"t": "Walmart", "s": "Save money. Live better.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/walmart.webp", "c": "Dinkun Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/yahoo/": {"t": "Yahoo", "s": "The pioneer web portal that shaped the early internet, now a subsidiary of Apollo Global Management.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/yahoo.webp", "c": "Yahoo from Sunnyvale, California, USA · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/verizon/": {"t": "Verizon", "s": "American telecom giant formed from Baby Bell mergers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/verizon.webp", "c": "Eden, Janine and Jim from New York City · via Wikipedia: Verizon · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/ubs/": {"t": "UBS", "s": "Swiss multinational investment bank and world's largest private wealth manager.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/ubs.webp", "c": "JaierRT · via Wikipedia: UBS · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/sergey-brin/": {"t": "Sergey Brin", "s": "Co-founder of Google and Alphabet Inc.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/sergey-brin.webp", "c": "Steve Jurvetson · via Wikipedia: Sergey Brin · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/danish-inventions/e/danish-inventions/google-maps/": {"t": "Google Maps", "s": "Web mapping platform launched by Google in 2005."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/facebook/": {"t": "Facebook", "s": "American social networking service owned by Meta Platforms."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/tumblr/": {"t": "Tumblr", "s": "A microblogging platform known for progressive content and reblog culture."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution/": {"t": "Normal distribution", "s": "A continuous probability distribution with a bell-shaped density curve.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution.webp", "c": "TYalaA · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/glamour-magazine/": {"t": "Glamour (magazine)", "s": "for the girl with the job"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/vogue-magazine/": {"t": "Vogue (magazine)", "s": "A monthly fashion magazine covering style, culture, and runway."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/larry-page/": {"t": "Larry Page", "s": "Co-founder of Google and creator of PageRank", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/larry-page.webp", "c": "Stansfield PL · via Wikipedia: Larry Page · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/duke-university/": {"t": "Duke University", "s": "A private research university in Durham, North Carolina, founded in 1838.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/duke-university.webp", "c": "Ildar Sagdejev ( Specious ) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company/": {"t": "The Walt Disney Company", "s": "American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company.webp", "c": "Disney Enterprises, Inc. · via Wikipedia: The Walt Disney Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/domestic-violence/": {"t": "Domestic violence", "s": "Violence occurring in a domestic setting, often underreported worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/typhoid/": {"t": "Typhoid", "s": "A bacterial disease spread through contaminated food or water."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/epidemiology/": {"t": "Epidemiology", "s": "The study of health outcomes and diseases in specific populations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/epidemiology.webp", "c": "David P. Wilson · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/quarantine/": {"t": "Quarantine", "s": "Restriction on movement to prevent spread of disease or pests."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/public-health/": {"t": "Public health", "s": "Science and art of preventing disease through organized societal efforts."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hiv-aids/": {"t": "HIV/AIDS", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, manageable but incurable."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/covid-19/": {"t": "COVID-19", "s": "COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/publishers-and-media-moguls/e/publishers-and-media-moguls/william-randolph-hearst/": {"t": "William Randolph Hearst", "s": "The newspaper magnate who shaped yellow journalism and inspired Citizen Kane."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/breech-birth/": {"t": "Breech birth", "s": "Breech birth is a higher-risk delivery with buttocks or feet first."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/amenorrhea/": {"t": "Amenorrhea", "s": "Absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/rape/": {"t": "Rape", "s": "Sexual assault involving non-consensual penetration."}, "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/e/belgian-inventions/body-mass-index/": {"t": "Body mass index", "s": "A simple ratio of weight to height used for population classification.", "i": "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/img/belgian-inventions/body-mass-index.webp", "c": "InvictaHOG · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/beverages-drink-culture/e/beverages-and-drink-culture/cognac/": {"t": "Cognac", "s": "A French brandy named after the commune of Cognac."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/siemens/": {"t": "Siemens", "s": "European engineering giant with roots in telegraphy and industrial automation."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/bmw/": {"t": "BMW", "s": "German multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/bmw.webp", "c": "Pakawut kenta · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/avant-garde/": {"t": "Avant-garde", "s": "Experimental art challenging societal norms and artistic conventions."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/man-ray/": {"t": "Man Ray", "s": "American-born, French-naturalized artist known for Dada, Surrealism, and rayographs."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/constantin-br-ncu-i/": {"t": "Constantin Brâncuși", "s": "Romanian sculptor and pioneer of modernism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/constantin-br-ncu-i.webp", "c": "Edward Steichen · via Wikipedia: Constantin Brâncuși · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/marcel-duchamp/": {"t": "Marcel Duchamp", "s": "French artist who created readymades as an antidote to retinal art."}, "https://codexery.com/women-writers-of-the-20th-century/e/women-writers-of-the-20th-century/djuna-barnes/": {"t": "Djuna Barnes", "s": "American modernist writer and journalist, author of Nightwood."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/devon/": {"t": "Devon", "s": "Ceremonial county in South West England with two coastlines."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/emma-goldman/": {"t": "Emma Goldman", "s": "Anarchist revolutionary, writer, and lecturer on social issues."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/wassily-kandinsky/": {"t": "Wassily Kandinsky", "s": "Pioneer of abstraction and art theorist", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/wassily-kandinsky.webp", "c": "Vassily Kandinsky by Adolf Elnain\n\nPhoto credits : Georges Meguerditchian - Centre Pompidou, MNAM-CCI /Dist. RMN-GP Image reference : 4N55985 · via Wikipedia: Wassily Kandinsky · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henry-moore/": {"t": "Henry Moore", "s": "English sculptor of semi-abstract bronze figures and drawings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henry-moore.webp", "c": "Peter O'Connor aka anemoneprojectors · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/max-ernst/": {"t": "Max Ernst", "s": "German-born pioneer of Dada and surrealism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/max-ernst.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Max Ernst · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/padua/": {"t": "Padua", "s": "Ancient city, home to a 1222 university and the world's oldest botanical garden."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-opera/e/classical-and-opera/cole-porter/": {"t": "Cole Porter", "s": "American composer and songwriter of witty Broadway and film standards.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-opera/img/classical-and-opera/cole-porter.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cole Porter · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/irving-berlin/": {"t": "Irving Berlin", "s": "Russian-born American songwriter and composer whose music forms a large part of the Great American Songbook.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/irving-berlin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Irving Berlin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/comedians-and-comic-actors/will-rogers/": {"t": "Will Rogers", "s": "Cherokee vaudeville star, film actor, and folksy political commentator."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-satirists/e/comedians-and-satirists/frank-fay-comedian/": {"t": "Frank Fay (comedian)", "s": "Vaudeville's highest-paid headliner who pioneered stand-up comedy."}, "https://codexery.com/comedic-performers/e/comedic-performers/harpo-marx/": {"t": "Harpo Marx", "s": "The silent clown with a horn and a harp."}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/charlie-chaplin/": {"t": "Charlie Chaplin", "s": "English comic actor and filmmaker, iconic as the Tramp.", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/charlie-chaplin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Charlie Chaplin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/irving-thalberg/": {"t": "Irving Thalberg", "s": "Film producer who shaped MGM and Hollywood's golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/irving-thalberg.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Irving Thalberg · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-ice-hockey-venues/e/olympic-ice-hockey-venues/st-moritz/": {"t": "St. Moritz", "s": "Swiss Alpine resort that twice hosted the Winter Olympics."}, "https://codexery.com/women-in-entertainment/e/women-in-entertainment/anita-loos/": {"t": "Anita Loos", "s": "First female staff screenwriter in Hollywood, author of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/d-w-griffith/": {"t": "D. W. Griffith", "s": "Pioneer of film editing and narrative cinema, director of The Birth of a Nation and co-founder of United Artists."}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/prohibition/": {"t": "Prohibition", "s": "Legal ban on alcohol manufacture, sale, and consumption."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/ginger-rogers/": {"t": "Ginger Rogers", "s": "Oscar-winning actress and dancer, Fred Astaire's partner in RKO's golden run of musicals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/ginger-rogers.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ginger Rogers · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/acquittal/": {"t": "Acquittal", "s": "Acquittal frees the accused from a criminal charge."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/plutarch/": {"t": "Plutarch", "s": "Greek and Roman philosopher, historian, and priest of Apollo"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/dionysus/": {"t": "Dionysus", "s": "God of wine, theatre, and ecstatic liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/helios/": {"t": "Helios", "s": "Greek god personifying the Sun, guardian of oaths and sight."}, "https://codexery.com/metamorphoses-into-animals-in-greek/e/metamorphoses-into-animals-in-greek-mythology/hecuba/": {"t": "Hecuba", "s": "Queen of Troy who became a dog after the city's fall."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-iliad/": {"t": "The Iliad", "s": "Ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, central to classical philology."}, "https://codexery.com/lgbtq-themes-in-greek-mythology/e/lgbtq-themes-in-greek-mythology/orestes/": {"t": "Orestes", "s": "Son of Agamemnon who killed his mother and was purified."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aeschylus/": {"t": "Aeschylus", "s": "Father of tragedy, soldier of Marathon"}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/mythological-kidnapped-people/helen-of-troy/": {"t": "Helen of Troy", "s": "Her face launched a thousand ships toward Troy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/img/mythological-kidnapped-people/helen-of-troy.webp", "c": "Antonio Canova · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/clement-of-alexandria/": {"t": "Clement of Alexandria", "s": "Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria, known for blending Hellenistic philosophy with Christian doctrine."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/yiddish/": {"t": "Yiddish", "s": "A West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews, with roots in the Holy Roman Empire and a fusion of High German, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Slavic ele"}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/broadway-theatre/": {"t": "Broadway theatre", "s": "The highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/burlesque/": {"t": "Burlesque", "s": "A comedic form mocking serious works through caricature and ludicrous treatment."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/tutankhamun/": {"t": "Tutankhamun", "s": "The boy king who restored Egypt's traditional religion."}, "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/e/celebrity-entertainers/milton-berle/": {"t": "Milton Berle", "s": "First major American television star and vaudeville veteran.", "i": "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/img/celebrity-entertainers/milton-berle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Milton Berle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/e/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/dutch-schultz/": {"t": "Dutch Schultz", "s": "New York mobster who defied the Mafia Commission and was killed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/img/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/dutch-schultz.webp", "c": "US Goverment · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/tug-of-war/": {"t": "Tug of war", "s": "Ancient team sport of rope pulling, once Olympic."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/uyghurs/": {"t": "Uyghurs", "s": "Turkic ethnic group native to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China"}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/real-estate/": {"t": "Real estate", "s": "Land and buildings as immovable property under ownership.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/real-estate.webp", "c": "Yates & Jones, draftsmen, George Street, Brisbane · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/chiang-kai-shek/": {"t": "Chiang Kai-shek", "s": "Chinese military commander, revolutionary, and statesman; President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/e/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/voice-of-america/": {"t": "Voice of America", "s": "U.S. government-funded international broadcaster founded in 1942."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/prague/": {"t": "Prague", "s": "City of a Hundred Spires"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/yasukuni-shrine/": {"t": "Yasukuni Shrine", "s": "A Shinto shrine in Tokyo established in 1869 to honor those who died serving the Emperor, now a site of controversy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/yasukuni-shrine.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Zhang Zhehan · see source"}}