[{"n": "Multivariate normal distribution", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/multivariate-normal-distribution/", "s": "Generalization of normal distribution to multiple dimensions."}, {"n": "Normal distribution", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution/", "s": "A continuous probability distribution with a bell-shaped density curve."}, {"n": "Poisson distribution", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/poisson-distribution/", "s": "Discrete distribution for rare events in fixed intervals."}, {"n": "Poisson point process", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/poisson-point-process/", "s": "Random point process with Poisson-distributed counts and independent points."}, {"n": "Probability density function", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-density-function/", "s": "Function giving relative probability for continuous random variables."}, {"n": "Probability distribution", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-distribution/", "s": "Mathematical description of probabilities for random phenomena."}, {"n": "Probability mass function", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-mass-function/", "s": "Function giving probability of a discrete random variable equaling a value."}, {"n": "Probability space", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-space/", "s": "Mathematical model of random processes and experiments."}, {"n": "Probability theory", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-theory/", "s": "Mathematical study of randomness and uncertainty."}, {"n": "P-value", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/p-value/", "s": "Probability of extreme results under the null hypothesis."}, {"n": "Null hypothesis", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/null-hypothesis/", "s": "Default hypothesis tested in statistical significance tests."}, {"n": "Observational study", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/observational-study/", "s": "Observational studies infer without experimental control."}, {"n": "Outcome (probability)", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/outcome-probability/", "s": "A possible result of an experiment or trial."}, {"n": "Prior probability", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/prior-probability/", "s": "Prior probability represents belief before new evidence."}, {"n": "Posterior probability", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/posterior-probability/", "s": "Updated belief after considering evidence via Bayes' rule."}, {"n": "Random variable", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/random-variable/", "s": "A measurable function from sample space to measurable space."}, {"n": "Random walk", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/random-walk/", "s": "A stochastic process of successive random steps."}, {"n": "Randomized controlled trial", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/randomized-controlled-trial/", "s": "A statistical experiment using random allocation to reduce bias."}, {"n": "Randomness", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/randomness/", "s": "Randomness is a measure of uncertainty, not haphazardness."}, {"n": "Regression analysis", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/regression-analysis/", "s": "Statistical method for estimating relationships between variables."}, {"n": "Sample mean and covariance", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/sample-mean-and-covariance/", "s": "Statistics computed from a sample to estimate population parameters."}, {"n": "Sample size determination", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/sample-size-determination/", "s": "Choosing the number of observations for statistical inference."}, {"n": "Sample space", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/sample-space/", "s": "Set of all possible outcomes of an experiment or random trial."}, {"n": "Sampling (statistics)", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/sampling-statistics/", "s": "Selecting a subset to estimate characteristics of a whole population."}, {"n": "Sampling error", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/sampling-error/", "s": "Error from estimating population parameters using a sample."}, {"n": "Principal component analysis", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/principal-component-analysis/", "s": "Linear technique that identifies directions of maximum variance in data."}, {"n": "Non-linear least squares", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/non-linear-least-squares/", "s": "Iterative method for fitting nonlinear models to data."}, {"n": "Ordinary least squares", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/ordinary-least-squares/", "s": "A method for estimating linear regression parameters by minimizing squared errors."}, {"n": "Parameter", "u": "/e/probability-and-statistics/parameter/", "s": "A characteristic that helps define or classify a system."}]