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"HIV", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, transmitted via bodily fluids."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hepatitis/": {"t": "Hepatitis", "s": "Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viruses or toxins."}, "/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/markov-chain/": {"t": "Markov chain", "s": "A stochastic process where the future depends only on the present."}, "/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/monte-carlo-method/": {"t": "Monte Carlo method", "s": "Computational algorithms using repeated random sampling for numerical results."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/prior-probability/": {"t": "Prior probability", "s": "Prior probability represents belief before new evidence."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/sport/": {"t": "Sport", "s": "Sport encompasses physical and mind activities, governed by rules."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/law/": {"t": "Law", "s": "Rules enforced by institutions to regulate behavior."}, "/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/likelihood-function/": {"t": "Likelihood function", "s": "Measures relative merit of models for given data."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/andrey-kolmogorov/": {"t": "Andrey Kolmogorov", "s": "Soviet mathematician who laid the axiomatic foundations of probability theory and made fundamental contributions across mathematics."}, "/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/law-of-large-numbers/": {"t": "Law of large numbers", "s": "Averages of many trials converge to the expected value."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/economics/": {"t": "Economics", "s": "Social science studying production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/img/economic-concepts/economics.webp", "c": "Pk0001 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, 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"https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/henri-poincar.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henri Poincaré · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/francis-galton/": {"t": "Francis Galton", "s": "English polymath who originated eugenics and pioneered statistical analysis of human traits."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematical-logic-and-computation/e/mathematical-logic-and-computation/algorithm/": {"t": "Algorithm", "s": "A finite sequence of logical instructions for solving problems."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/sampling-statistics/": {"t": "Sampling (statistics)", "s": "Selecting a subset to estimate characteristics of a whole population."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematics-and-cryptography/e/mathematics-and-cryptography/stanis-aw-ulam/": {"t": "Stanisław Ulam", "s": "Polish mathematician who conceptualized Monte Carlo methods."}, 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{"t": "Protein", "s": "Essential biomolecules that catalyze, structure, and regulate life."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/rna/": {"t": "RNA", "s": "RNA is a nucleic acid essential for genetic information and catalysis."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/microrna/": {"t": "MicroRNA", "s": "Small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/natural-selection/": {"t": "Natural selection", "s": "The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in fitness."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/genetics/": {"t": "Genetics", "s": "Study of genes and heredity"}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/principal-component-analysis/": {"t": "Principal component analysis", "s": "Linear technique that identifies directions of maximum 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"https://codexery.com/scottish-inventions/e/scottish-inventions/logarithm/": {"t": "Logarithm", "s": "The inverse operation of exponentiation, simplifying multiplication into addition."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/ordinary-least-squares/": {"t": "Ordinary least squares", "s": "A method for estimating linear regression parameters by minimizing squared errors.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/ordinary-least-squares.webp", "c": "Eteri byazrova (GraphMath) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/observational-study/e/observational-study/empirical-probability/": {"t": "Empirical probability", "s": "Probability estimated from observed data rather than theory."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/claude-shannon/": {"t": "Claude Shannon", "s": "Polymath who founded information theory and digital circuit design.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/img/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/claude-shannon.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Claude Shannon · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/e/chemists-and-biochemists/josiah-willard-gibbs/": {"t": "Josiah Willard Gibbs", "s": "American scientist who created statistical mechanics and modern vector calculus."}, "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/e/combinatorics/combinatorics/": {"t": "Combinatorics", "s": "Mathematics of counting, arrangement, and optimization in finite systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/img/combinatorics/combinatorics.webp", "c": "Dom walden · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/set-theory-logic/e/set-theory-and-logic/partition-of-a-set/": {"t": "Partition of a set", "s": "Grouping elements into non-empty, disjoint subsets that cover the whole set."}, 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