{"https://codexery.com/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/e/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/columbian-mammoth/": {"t": "Columbian mammoth", "s": "A large Pleistocene mammoth that coexisted with Paleoindians in North America."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/hybrid-biology/": {"t": "Hybrid (biology)", "s": "Offspring from combining two different organisms through sexual reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier/": {"t": "Georges Cuvier", "s": "Founding father of paleontology who helped establish extinction as a scientific concept.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/img/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier.webp", "c": "Georges Cuvier · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/prehistory/": {"t": "Prehistory", "s": "Human history before written records, studied through material evidence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/prehistory.webp", "c": "Palauenc05 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/endangered/african-elephant/": {"t": "African Elephant", "s": "The two elephant species of Africa, the largest land animals alive and both at risk of extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/endangered/african-elephant.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: African elephant · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/wrangel-island/": {"t": "Wrangel Island", "s": "Arctic island refuge for wildlife and last mammoths."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples-of-the-americas/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "s": "Native peoples of the Americas with diverse cultures and languages."}, "https://codexery.com/comparative-mythology/e/comparative-mythology/genesis-flood-narrative/": {"t": "Genesis flood narrative", "s": "Hebrew flood myth adapted from older Mesopotamian traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/tropics/": {"t": "Tropics", "s": "The region between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/estonian-language/": {"t": "Estonian language", "s": "Estonian: a Finnic language of Estonia, one of the EU's non-Indo-European tongues."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost/": {"t": "Permafrost", "s": "Frozen ground that stores carbon and threatens infrastructure when thawed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost.webp", "c": "NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio - KBR Wyle Services, LLC/Kathryn Mersmann · Public domain"}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/woolly-mammoth/": {"t": "Woolly mammoth", "s": "Extinct ice-age elephant relative, adapted to cold and hunted by humans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-beasts/img/prehistoric-beasts/woolly-mammoth.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/norwegian-folklore/e/norwegian-folklore/lindworm/": {"t": "Lindworm", "s": "A European serpentine dragon with varied limb and wing forms."}, "https://codexery.com/cryptids/e/cryptids-and-folklore/griffins/": {"t": "Griffins", "s": "Legendary lion-eagle hybrid guarding treasures since antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/e/chemists-and-biochemists/peter-simon-pallas/": {"t": "Peter Simon Pallas", "s": "Prussian naturalist and explorer of the Russian Empire"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/irkutsk/": {"t": "Irkutsk", "s": "The Paris of Siberia"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/lena-river/": {"t": "Lena River", "s": "The easternmost of Siberia's three great Arctic rivers, the Lena is the longest river entirely within Russia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/lena-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lena River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/non-timber-forest-products/e/non-timber-forest-products/fur/": {"t": "Fur", "s": "Fur is a mammalian hair coat used for insulation and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/udder/": {"t": "Udder", "s": "Mammary organ of dairy animals, key to milk production."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/e/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/cave-hyena/": {"t": "Cave hyena", "s": "Extinct Eurasian apex predator related to the spotted hyena."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/cyperaceae/": {"t": "Cyperaceae", "s": "Sedges are grass-like plants with triangular stems and diverse wetland habitats."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/staffordshire/": {"t": "Staffordshire", "s": "The historic county of the Staffordshire Hoard and the Potteries"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cellulose/": {"t": "Cellulose", "s": "The most abundant organic polymer on Earth, essential for plant cell walls and industrial products."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/ural-mountains/": {"t": "Ural Mountains", "s": "Mountain range listed in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-archosaurs/e/extinct-archosaurs/dinosaur/": {"t": "Dinosaur", "s": "Dinosaurs are a diverse group of warmblooded reptiles of the clade Dinosauria."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/saurischia/": {"t": "Saurischia", "s": "One of the two main dinosaur divisions, including birds."}, "https://codexery.com/theropoda/e/theropoda/theropoda/": {"t": "Theropoda", "s": "A major dinosaur clade that includes birds as living descendants."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/ceratosauria/": {"t": "Ceratosauria", "s": "A theropod clade with a debated fossil record."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/continent/": {"t": "Continent", "s": "Large terrestrial region identified by convention, not strict criteria."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/patagonia/": {"t": "Patagonia", "s": "A vast region spanning southern South America, shared by Argentina and Chile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/patagonia.webp", "c": "Argentixs · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/carnotaurus/": {"t": "Carnotaurus", "s": "The meat-eating bull of the Late Cretaceous"}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tibia/": {"t": "Tibia", "s": "The larger, stronger shinbone connecting knee and ankle."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-india/e/dinosaurs-of-india/rajasaurus/": {"t": "Rajasaurus", "s": "A horned abelisaurid from the Late Cretaceous of India."}, "https://codexery.com/mock-combat/e/mock-combat/display-zoology/": {"t": "Display (zoology)", "s": "Ritualized behaviours for communication, often linked to mating."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-france/e/dinosaurs-of-france/arcovenator/": {"t": "Arcovenator", "s": "Abelisaurid theropod from Late Cretaceous France."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/radius-bone/": {"t": "Radius (bone)", "s": "One of the two large bones of the forearm."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/ulna/": {"t": "Ulna", "s": "Long bone of the forearm, medial to the radius."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/e/dinosaur-subfamilies/majungasaurinae/": {"t": "Majungasaurinae", "s": "A subfamily of slow-moving, large-headed abelisaurid theropods."}, "https://codexery.com/fossils/e/fossils/paleontology/": {"t": "Paleontology", "s": "The scientific study of ancient life through fossils."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/linnaean-taxonomy/": {"t": "Linnaean taxonomy", "s": "Rank-based classification system with binomial nomenclature, founded by Carl Linnaeus."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/noasauridae/": {"t": "Noasauridae", "s": "Diverse theropod family with unusual skull adaptations."}, "https://codexery.com/transitional-fossils/e/transitional-fossils/eusthenopteron/": {"t": "Eusthenopteron", "s": "A Devonian lobe-finned fish close to the origin of tetrapods."}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/coelacanth/": {"t": "Coelacanth", "s": "Coelacanths are an ancient lineage of lobe-finned fish belonging to the class Actinistia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/coelacanth.webp", "c": "Bruce A.S. Henderson · via Wikipedia: Coelacanth · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/synchrotron/": {"t": "Synchrotron", "s": "Cyclic accelerator with synchronized magnetic field and particle energy."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism/": {"t": "Sexual dimorphism", "s": "Condition where sexes differ in morphology beyond reproduction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism.webp", "c": "Heidi Hopkins · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/omnivore/": {"t": "Omnivore", "s": "An animal that eats both plant and animal matter."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-archosaurs/e/extinct-archosaurs/crocodylia/": {"t": "Crocodylia", "s": "Semuaquatic predatory reptiles that are the closest living relatives of birds."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/osteoderm/": {"t": "Osteoderm", "s": "Bony dermal structures serving as armor and more."}, "https://codexery.com/filipino-cuisine/e/filipino-cuisine/crocodile-meat/": {"t": "Crocodile meat", "s": "Crocodile meat comes from tropical, semiaquatic reptiles sensitive to cold."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/herbivore/": {"t": "Herbivore", "s": "Animals adapted to feed primarily on plants."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/antorbital-fenestra/": {"t": "Antorbital fenestra", "s": "A skull opening in front of the eye sockets of archosauriforms."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/temporal-fenestra/": {"t": "Temporal fenestra", "s": "Openings in the temporal skull region of amniotes."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/hyposphene-hypantrum-articulation/": {"t": "Hyposphene-hypantrum articulation", "s": "Accessory vertebral joint adding rigidity in archosauromorph reptiles."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/cloaca/": {"t": "Cloaca", "s": "Single orifice for excretion and reproduction in many vertebrates."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/louis-agassiz/": {"t": "Louis Agassiz", "s": "Swiss-born naturalist who advanced ichthyology and glaciology."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-mexico/": {"t": "New Mexico", "s": "Land of diverse cultures, history, and high desert."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/bone-wars/": {"t": "Bone Wars", "s": "A Gilded Age rivalry that unearthed 142 dinosaur species."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/arizona/": {"t": "Arizona", "s": "Former Spanish colony, now a Southwestern U.S. state."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/wyoming/": {"t": "Wyoming", "s": "Least populous U.S. state, first to grant women's suffrage."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/colorado/": {"t": "Colorado", "s": "A landlocked state with mountains, plains, and a history of gold rushes."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/maniraptora/": {"t": "Maniraptora", "s": "The dinosaur clade that includes birds and their closest relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-argentina/e/dinosaurs-of-argentina/alvarezsaurus/": {"t": "Alvarezsaurus", "s": "A small, fast-running alvarezsaurid from Late Cretaceous Argentina."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/historian/": {"t": "Historian", "s": "Scholar who studies and writes about the past.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/img/historiography-and-methods/historian.webp", "c": "Anasuyas · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/cretaceous-dinosaurs/ornithomimosauria/": {"t": "Ornithomimosauria", "s": "Fast, ostrich-like theropods from the Cretaceous.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/img/cretaceous-dinosaurs/ornithomimosauria.webp", "c": "Ballista User:Esv Sebastian Bergmann ケラトプスユウタ DEINO ★Kumiko★ Mike Beauregard Ser · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-mongolia/e/dinosaurs-of-mongolia/mononykus/": {"t": "Mononykus", "s": "A small, feathered alvarezsaurid with a single large claw."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/archaeopteryx/": {"t": "Archaeopteryx", "s": "The iconic transitional fossil between dinosaurs and birds", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/archaeopteryx.webp", "c": "Evobio12a · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/aardvark/": {"t": "Aardvark", "s": "A burrowing, nocturnal mammal that feeds on ants and termites.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/aardvark.webp", "c": "Dallas Krentzel · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/anteater/": {"t": "Anteater", "s": "Four extant species of ant- and termite-eating mammals in the suborder Vermilingua.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/anteater.webp", "c": "Christie L. Ward · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/oviraptoridae/": {"t": "Oviraptoridae", "s": "Bird-like dinosaurs with toothless beaks from the Late Cretaceous of Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-mongolia/e/dinosaurs-of-mongolia/manipulonyx/": {"t": "Manipulonyx", "s": "A small alvarezsaurid with a specialized egg-eating hand."}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/cretaceous-dinosaurs/oviraptorosauria/": {"t": "Oviraptorosauria", "s": "Feathered dinosaurs with parrot-like skulls from the Cretaceous.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/img/cretaceous-dinosaurs/oviraptorosauria.webp", "c": "Gary Todd · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/sauropodomorpha/e/sauropodomorpha/sauropodomorpha/": {"t": "Sauropodomorpha", "s": "The long-necked giants that dominated the Mesozoic", "i": "https://codexery.com/sauropodomorpha/img/sauropodomorpha/sauropodomorpha.webp", "c": "Danny Cicchetti · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/sauropoda/": {"t": "Sauropoda", "s": "Giant, long-necked herbivores that included the largest land animals."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/spinal-column/": {"t": "Spinal column", "s": "The defining structure of all vertebrates, protecting the spinal cord."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-argentina/e/dinosaurs-of-argentina/brachytrachelopan/": {"t": "Brachytrachelopan", "s": "Short-necked sauropod from the Late Jurassic of Argentina."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/vertebra/": {"t": "Vertebra", "s": "Irregular bone forming the vertebral column of vertebrates."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-argentina/e/dinosaurs-of-argentina/bajadasaurus/": {"t": "Bajadasaurus", "s": "A dicraeosaurid sauropod with elongated neck spines."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/arroyo-watercourse/": {"t": "Arroyo (watercourse)", "s": "Dry watercourse that flows after sufficient rain."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/neuqu-n-province/": {"t": "Neuquén Province", "s": "Rich in natural resources such as natural gas, petroleum, virgin forests, and water resources suitable for electric power and tourism alike.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/neuqu-n-province.webp", "c": "Argentina_location_map.svg : NordNordWest Map_of_Neuquén_Province.svg : Pertile  · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/sacrum/": {"t": "Sacrum", "s": "Triangular bone at spine base, fusing S1–S5 by age 30."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/scapula/": {"t": "Scapula", "s": "The shoulder blade connects upper arm to collarbone."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/buenos-aires/": {"t": "Buenos Aires", "s": "The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: a multicultural capital with eclectic European architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/middle-jurassic-dinosaurs/e/middle-jurassic-dinosaurs/lingwulong/": {"t": "Lingwulong", "s": "Earliest known neosauropod and oldest diplodocoid from East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/anchiornithidae/": {"t": "Anchiornithidae", "s": "Small feathered paravians from the Jurassic of China and Germany."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "ESO/M. Kornmesser (photo displayed on the magazine cover) · via Wikipedia: Nature (journal) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/microraptor/": {"t": "Microraptor", "s": "Small four-winged dinosaur from early Cretaceous China."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/e/german-inventions-of-the-nazi-period/scanning-electron-microscope/": {"t": "Scanning electron microscope", "s": "An electron microscope scanning surfaces with a focused beam."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/national-geographic/": {"t": "National Geographic", "s": "A monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners, based in Washington, DC, covering geography, popular science, world history, culture, and current ", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/national-geographic.webp", "c": "Benjamín Núñez González · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/dromaeosauridae/": {"t": "Dromaeosauridae", "s": "Feathered, swift carnivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/down-feather/": {"t": "Down feather", "s": "The soft, insulating underlayer of feathers found beneath a bird's outer plumage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/down-feather.webp", "c": "Adenosine Triphosphate · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/sinornithosaurus/": {"t": "Sinornithosaurus", "s": "A small, feathered dromaeosaurid from early Cretaceous China."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/paraves/": {"t": "Paraves", "s": "Theropod clade including birds and their closest relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/pennaceous-feather/": {"t": "Pennaceous feather", "s": "A feather type with a stalk and barbed vanes."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/flight-feather/": {"t": "Flight feather", "s": "Feathers enabling flight, with specialized roles across species."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/pedopenna/": {"t": "Pedopenna", "s": "A feathered dinosaur with hind wings from Jurassic China."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/serikornis/": {"t": "Serikornis", "s": "Small feathered dinosaur from the Jurassic of China."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/ornithischia/": {"t": "Ornithischia", "s": "Bird-hipped herbivorous dinosaurs with diverse forms and behaviors."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/thyreophora/": {"t": "Thyreophora", "s": "Armored ornithischian dinosaurs with bony skin plates and spikes."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/armour-zoology/": {"t": "Armour (zoology)", "s": "Rigid external protection against predators in animals."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/quadrupedalism/": {"t": "Quadrupedalism", "s": "Locomotion using four legs for weight-bearing movement."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/north-africa/": {"t": "North Africa", "s": "A region of diverse definitions, ancient civilizations, and deep cultural ties to the Arab world and the Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/middle-jurassic-dinosaurs/e/middle-jurassic-dinosaurs/middle-jurassic/": {"t": "Middle Jurassic", "s": "Pangaea split, seas rose, and dinosaur groups diversified."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/nodosauridae/": {"t": "Nodosauridae", "s": "Heavily armored herbivorous dinosaurs lacking tail clubs."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "The Northern Hemisphere contains most of the world's continents and major landmasses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "Sean Baker ( Marvin01 | talk ) · via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/parankylosauria/": {"t": "Parankylosauria", "s": "Southern Hemisphere armored dinosaurs with a unique tail weapon."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/ankylosaurus/": {"t": "Ankylosaurus", "s": "The armored dinosaur with a tail club, among the last of the non-avian dinosaurs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/ankylosaurus.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/stegosauria/": {"t": "Stegosauria", "s": "Armored herbivorous dinosaurs with plates and tail spikes."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/marginocephalia/": {"t": "Marginocephalia", "s": "Ornithischian clade with bony skull margins and diverse head ornaments."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/stegosaurus/": {"t": "Stegosaurus", "s": "The iconic plated dinosaur of the Late Jurassic", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/stegosaurus.webp", "c": "Skye M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/flowering-plant/": {"t": "Flowering plant", "s": "Flowering plants dominate land habitats and sustain human agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-vocalization/": {"t": "Bird vocalization", "s": "Bird vocalization includes songs and calls for communication."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/diplodocidae/": {"t": "Diplodocidae", "s": "Family of sauropod dinosaurs including some of the longest land animals."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/oklahoma/": {"t": "Oklahoma", "s": "A state shaped by land runs, oil, and Indigenous heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/utah/": {"t": "Utah", "s": "A landlocked state shaped by Mormon settlement and desert geography."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/diplodocus/": {"t": "Diplodocus", "s": "A long-necked, whip-tailed giant of the Late Jurassic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/diplodocus.webp", "c": "ScottRobertAnselmo · via Wikipedia: Diplodocus · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/camarasaurus/": {"t": "Camarasaurus", "s": "A common Late Jurassic sauropod with a chambered vertebrae."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-the-united-states/e/dinosaurs-of-the-united-states/amphicoelias/": {"t": "Amphicoelias", "s": "A moderately sized sauropod with disputed fossil remains."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/e/dinosaur-subfamilies/apatosaurinae/": {"t": "Apatosaurinae", "s": "Robust, short-necked sauropods of the Late Jurassic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/img/dinosaur-subfamilies/apatosaurinae.webp", "c": "Machairo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/brontosaurus/": {"t": "Brontosaurus", "s": "The thunder lizard of the Late Jurassic", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/brontosaurus.webp", "c": "Matthew Bellemare · via Wikipedia: Brontosaurus · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/allosaurus/": {"t": "Allosaurus", "s": "The 'different lizard' that dominated the late Jurassic as an apex predator.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/allosaurus.webp", "c": "Fred Wierum · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/crustacean/": {"t": "Crustacean", "s": "Mandibulate arthropods with biramous limbs and a nauplius larval stage."}, "https://codexery.com/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/hesperornithes/": {"t": "Hesperornithes", "s": "Extinct aquatic avialans that colonized Mesozoic oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-dakota/": {"t": "South Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named after the Dakota Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-dakota/": {"t": "North Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named for the Dakota and Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cartilage/": {"t": "Cartilage", "s": "Resilient connective tissue covering joints and supporting body structures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cartilage.webp", "c": "Cristobal carrasco (originale); Fabyrav · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/stress-mechanics/": {"t": "Stress (mechanics)", "s": "Physical quantity describing internal forces during material deformation."}, "https://codexery.com/american-mad-scientist-films/e/american-mad-scientist-films/bottom-feeder/": {"t": "Bottom Feeder", "s": "A monster movie about trapped workers and a mutated scientist."}, "https://codexery.com/extant-reptiles-amphibians/e/extant-reptiles-and-amphibians/loggerhead-sea-turtle/": {"t": "Loggerhead sea turtle", "s": "The world's second largest extant turtle, after the leatherback."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/dormancy/": {"t": "Dormancy", "s": "A survival strategy minimizing metabolic activity during harsh conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/fossils-of-antarctica/e/fossils-of-antarctica/baculites/": {"t": "Baculites", "s": "Straight-shelled ammonite that outlasted the K-Pg extinction."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/choristodera/": {"t": "Choristodera", "s": "Extinct semiaquatic reptiles with diverse body forms and a long fossil record.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-beasts/img/prehistoric-beasts/choristodera.webp", "c": "Dlyj0604 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/drepanosauromorpha/": {"t": "Drepanosauromorpha", "s": "Extinct reptiles with bird-like skulls and chameleon-like adaptations."}, "https://codexery.com/extant-reptiles-amphibians/e/extant-reptiles-and-amphibians/monitor-lizard/": {"t": "Monitor lizard", "s": "Large, intelligent lizards with venom and high metabolism."}, "https://codexery.com/supernumerary-body-parts/e/supernumerary-body-parts/cervical-rib/": {"t": "Cervical rib", "s": "An extra rib arising from the seventh cervical vertebra."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/bird/": {"t": "Bird", "s": "Warm-blooded, feathered vertebrates that are the only living dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-cities/e/latin-american-cities/mar-del-plata/": {"t": "Mar del Plata", "s": "Argentina's largest seaside resort and major fishing port."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/birds/california-condor/": {"t": "California Condor", "s": "North America's largest land bird, rescued from extinction in the wild by captive breeding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/birds/california-condor.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: California condor · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/andean-condor/": {"t": "Andean condor", "s": "One of the largest flying birds and a national symbol of five Andean nations."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/predation/": {"t": "Predation", "s": "Predators kill and eat other organisms, driving evolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/predation.webp", "c": "InsektenDoku · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/macronaria/": {"t": "Macronaria", "s": "A sauropod clade named for its large nasal openings."}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/cretaceous-dinosaurs/titanosauria/": {"t": "Titanosauria", "s": "Diverse sauropods that survived until the end-Cretaceous extinction."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-india/e/dinosaurs-of-india/bruhathkayosaurus/": {"t": "Bruhathkayosaurus", "s": "A giant titanosaur from India, possibly rivaling the blue whale."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-argentina/e/dinosaurs-of-argentina/antarctosaurus/": {"t": "Antarctosaurus", "s": "A controversial titanosaur from Late Cretaceous Argentina."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-the-united-states/e/dinosaurs-of-the-united-states/alamosaurus/": {"t": "Alamosaurus", "s": "A giant titanosaur that returned to North America after a long absence."}, "https://codexery.com/metamorphoses-into-birds-in-greek/e/metamorphoses-into-birds-in-greek-mythology/asteria/": {"t": "Asteria", "s": "Titan goddess who became the island of Delos."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/ichthyornis/": {"t": "Ichthyornis", "s": "Toothed seabird-like ornithuran from the Late Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/galliformes/": {"t": "Galliformes", "s": "Heavy-bodied terrestrial birds, including chickens, pheasants, and turkeys."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event/": {"t": "Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event", "s": "Mass extinction that ended the age of non-avian dinosaurs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event.webp", "c": "Wilson44691 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/tarsometatarsus/": {"t": "Tarsometatarsus", "s": "A fused lower leg bone in birds and some dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/phylogenetics/": {"t": "Phylogenetics", "s": "Study of evolutionary history through heritable traits and phylogenetic trees."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/pteranodon/": {"t": "Pteranodon", "s": "The toothless giant of the Cretaceous skies", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/pteranodon.webp", "c": "Matt Martyniuk · via Wikipedia: Pteranodon · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/bucorvidae/": {"t": "Bucorvidae", "s": "A disputed family of large, ground-dwelling African hornbills."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/hatzegopteryx/": {"t": "Hatzegopteryx", "s": "Giant azhdarchid pterosaur with a short, powerful neck."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bavaria/": {"t": "Bavaria", "s": "Largest German state, with a history from Celts to kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-sequencing/": {"t": "DNA sequencing", "s": "Determining the order of nucleotides in DNA."}, "https://codexery.com/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/beibeilong/": {"t": "Beibeilong", "s": "Giant caenagnathid dinosaur known from an embryo and large eggs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/img/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/beibeilong.webp", "c": "Hanyong Pu, Darla K. Zelenitsky, Junchang Lü, Philip J. Currie, Kenneth Carpente · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-species/e/dinosaur-species/anzu-wyliei/": {"t": "Anzu wyliei", "s": "First well-preserved North American oviraptorosaur, nicknamed 'chicken from hell'."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/caenagnathus/": {"t": "Caenagnathus", "s": "A toothless-beaked oviraptorosaur from Late Cretaceous Alberta."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-species/e/dinosaur-species/camarasaurus-supremus/": {"t": "Camarasaurus supremus", "s": "Largest and geologically youngest species of Camarasaurus."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/camarasauridae/": {"t": "Camarasauridae", "s": "Small to medium sauropods with short skulls and vertical neck motion."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/apatosaurus/": {"t": "Apatosaurus", "s": "A large, long-necked sauropod with a whip-like tail."}, "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/e/aging-associated-diseases/arthritis/": {"t": "Arthritis", "s": "A joint disorder from cartilage loss causing bone-on-bone grinding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/img/aging-associated-diseases/arthritis.webp", "c": "Alfred Loomis & William Thompson · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/dry-season/": {"t": "Dry season", "s": "A yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/dry-season.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/e/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/dinosaur-national-monument/": {"t": "Dinosaur National Monument", "s": "A national monument protecting dinosaur fossils and ancient rock art."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-species/e/dinosaur-species/camarasaurus-grandis/": {"t": "Camarasaurus grandis", "s": "One of the geologically older species of the sauropod genus Camarasaurus, though its exact age relative to C. lentus is debated."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-species/e/dinosaur-species/camarasaurus-lentus/": {"t": "Camarasaurus lentus", "s": "A well-known Jurassic sauropod from the western United States."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-species/e/dinosaur-species/camarasaurus-lewisi/": {"t": "Camarasaurus lewisi", "s": "Smallest species of Camarasaurus, with debated genus classification."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/family-taxonomy/": {"t": "Family (taxonomy)", "s": "Taxonomic rank between order and genus in Linnaean classification."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/coelurosauria/": {"t": "Coelurosauria", "s": "Clade of hollow-tailed dinosaurs that includes all birds."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/tetanurae/": {"t": "Tetanurae", "s": "Clade of most theropod dinosaurs, including birds."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/pelvis/": {"t": "Pelvis", "s": "Basin-shaped skeleton connecting trunk to lower limbs."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/carcharodontosauridae/": {"t": "Carcharodontosauridae", "s": "Shark-toothed lizards, among the largest terrestrial predators of the Cretaceous."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/abelisauridae/": {"t": "Abelisauridae", "s": "Abelisaurids: Cretaceous carnivores of Gondwana"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-spain/e/dinosaurs-of-spain/concavenator/": {"t": "Concavenator", "s": "A hump-backed carcharodontosaurid from Early Cretaceous Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/megaraptora/": {"t": "Megaraptora", "s": "Carnivorous theropods with large hand claws and powerful forelimbs."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-china/e/dinosaurs-of-china/chilantaisaurus/": {"t": "Chilantaisaurus", "s": "A giant theropod from Late Cretaceous China."}, "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-synapsids/e/prehistoric-synapsids/synapsida/": {"t": "Synapsida", "s": "Clade including mammals and their extinct relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-synapsids/e/prehistoric-synapsids/therapsida/": {"t": "Therapsida", "s": "Major synapsid group that includes mammals and their ancestors."}, "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-synapsids/e/prehistoric-synapsids/mammaliaformes/": {"t": "Mammaliaformes", "s": "Clade of synapsid tetrapods including mammals and extinct relatives.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-synapsids/img/prehistoric-synapsids/mammaliaformes.webp", "c": "Theklan FunkMonk Nobu Tamura ( http://spinops.blogspot.com ) Nobu Tamura ( http: · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/temperate-climate/": {"t": "Temperate climate", "s": "Middle-latitude climates with distinct seasons and moderate temperatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/temperate-climate.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/terrestrial-locomotion/": {"t": "Terrestrial locomotion", "s": "Movement of organisms on land, studied for evolutionary adaptation."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation/": {"t": "Thermoregulation", "s": "Organisms maintain body temperature within boundaries via homeostasis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation.webp", "c": "OpenStax College · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/touch/": {"t": "Touch", "s": "The somatosensory system mediates touch, pain, temperature, and body position."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/incertae-sedis/": {"t": "Incertae sedis", "s": "A term for taxa with unknown or undefined broader relationships."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/eutriconodonta/": {"t": "Eutriconodonta", "s": "Early mammals showing diverse bodyplans and ecological roles."}, "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-plants-of-north-america/e/prehistoric-plants-of-north-america/nilssonia-plant/": {"t": "Nilssonia (plant)", "s": "Fossil foliage genus with uncertain cycadalean affinities."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/gymnosperm/": {"t": "Gymnosperm", "s": "Woody seed plants with unenclosed ovules and cones."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wet-season/": {"t": "Wet season", "s": "The time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs, lasting at least one month."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geologic-time-scale/": {"t": "Geologic time scale", "s": "Standardised intervals of Earth's 4.54 ± 0.05 billion-year history, defined by rock layers and radiometric dating."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/triceratops/": {"t": "Triceratops", "s": "A three-horned ceratopsian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/triceratops.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-the-united-states/e/dinosaurs-of-the-united-states/ceratops/": {"t": "Ceratops", "s": "Dubious ceratopsian genus from the Late Cretaceous of Montana."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/psittacosaurus/": {"t": "Psittacosaurus", "s": "Early ceratopsian dinosaur with a parrot-like beak."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/ceratopsidae/": {"t": "Ceratopsidae", "s": "Family of horned, frilled herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/centrosaurus/": {"t": "Centrosaurus", "s": "A horned dinosaur known from vast bonebeds in Alberta."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/predentary/": {"t": "Predentary", "s": "A lower jaw ossification found in ornithischians, birds, and some fish."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/e/dinosaur-subfamilies/centrosaurinae/": {"t": "Centrosaurinae", "s": "A subfamily of horned dinosaurs with ornamented frills and nasal horns.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/img/dinosaur-subfamilies/centrosaurinae.webp", "c": "M. A. Loewen, J. J. W. Sertich, S. Sampson, J. K. O'Connor, S. Carpenter, B. Sis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Big Sky Country"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-genera/e/dinosaur-genera/agathaumas/": {"t": "Agathaumas", "s": "Dubious ceratopsid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/neck-frill/": {"t": "Neck frill", "s": "A bony or cartilaginous extension on the back of reptile heads."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/leptoceratopsidae/": {"t": "Leptoceratopsidae", "s": "Primitive, small neoceratopsian dinosaurs of the Late Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures-and-statues/e/sculptures-and-statues/relief/": {"t": "Relief", "s": "Sculptural method where forms remain attached to a solid background."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/ontogeny/": {"t": "Ontogeny", "s": "The developmental history of an organism within its own lifetime."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/archosauromorpha/": {"t": "Archosauromorpha", "s": "Clade of reptiles more closely related to archosaurs than to lepidosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/superior-colliculus/": {"t": "Superior colliculus", "s": "Midbrain structure directing gaze and orienting responses."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/sense-of-smell/": {"t": "Sense of smell", "s": "The sense through which odors are perceived."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/champsosaurus/": {"t": "Champsosaurus", "s": "Extinct crocodile-like reptile from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-beasts/img/prehistoric-beasts/champsosaurus.webp", "c": "Momotarou2012 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-genera/e/dinosaur-genera/anchisaurus/": {"t": "Anchisaurus", "s": "Early Jurassic sauropodomorph from the northeastern United States."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/gypsum/": {"t": "Gypsum", "s": "A soft sulfate mineral used in plaster and drywall, with notable crystal varieties and widespread industrial applications.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/gypsum.webp", "c": "PePeEfe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/e/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/ghost-ranch/": {"t": "Ghost Ranch", "s": "Ghost Ranch preserves a vast Triassic dinosaur fossil quarry."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/coeluridae/": {"t": "Coeluridae", "s": "A historically unnatural group of small carnivorous dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/e/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/carnegie-museum-of-natural-history/": {"t": "Carnegie Museum of Natural History", "s": "Founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1896, housing 22 million specimens."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/compsognathidae/": {"t": "Compsognathidae", "s": "Small theropods with bird-like features and disputed classification."}, "/e/prehistoric-beasts/alvarezsauridae/": {"t": "Alvarezsauridae", "s": "Small, long-legged theropods once mistaken for flightless birds."}, "https://codexery.com/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/late-cretaceous-dinosaurs/therizinosauridae/": {"t": "Therizinosauridae", "s": "Extinct family of large, herbivorous theropod dinosaurs with scythe-like claws."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/tyrannosaurus-rex/": {"t": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "s": "The tyrant lizard king of the late Cretaceous.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/tyrannosaurus-rex.webp", "c": "Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/afterfeather/": {"t": "Afterfeather", "s": "Feathers: complex integumentary structures for flight, insulation, and communication."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/juravenator/": {"t": "Juravenator", "s": "A small Jurassic theropod with scales and possible feathers."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/tianyulong/": {"t": "Tianyulong", "s": "A feathered ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-families/e/dinosaur-families/proceratosauridae/": {"t": "Proceratosauridae", "s": "Family of small, long-armed tyrannosauroid dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-asia/e/birds-of-asia/confuciusornithidae/": {"t": "Confuciusornithidae", "s": "Early Cretaceous pygostylian avialans with beaks and ribbon-like tail feathers."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/hesperornis/": {"t": "Hesperornis", "s": "A large, toothed, flightless seabird from the Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/cities-starting-with-j/jinzhou/": {"t": "Jinzhou", "s": "Strategic coastal city in Liaoning, site of key Civil War battles."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sediment/": {"t": "Sediment", "s": "Loose particles transported and deposited by natural processes."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/pygostyle/": {"t": "Pygostyle", "s": "Fused caudal vertebrae supporting tail feathers and flight control."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/sternum/": {"t": "Sternum", "s": "A long flat bone forming the front of the rib cage."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-europe/e/birds-of-europe/enaliornis/": {"t": "Enaliornis", "s": "Oldest known hesperornithine, from Cretaceous England."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/furcula/": {"t": "Furcula", "s": "A forked bone that strengthens the thorax in birds and some dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/alula/": {"t": "Alula", "s": "A bird's thumb that helps prevent stalling at slow speeds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/alula.webp", "c": "Pearson Scott Foresman · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/ornithopoda/": {"t": "Ornithopoda", "s": "Herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike feet and advanced chewing."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/hadrosauridae/": {"t": "Hadrosauridae", "s": "Duck-billed dinosaurs, dominant Late Cretaceous herbivores."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/e/dinosaur-subfamilies/lambeosaurinae/": {"t": "Lambeosaurinae", "s": "Crested hadrosauroid dinosaurs named for Lawrence M. Lambe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/img/dinosaur-subfamilies/lambeosaurinae.webp", "c": "Connor Ashbridge · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/lambeosaurus/": {"t": "Lambeosaurus", "s": "A crested hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/hypacrosaurus/": {"t": "Hypacrosaurus", "s": "A Late Cretaceous duckbill dinosaur with a hollow crest."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/cassowary/": {"t": "Cassowary", "s": "Flightless bird with a fearsome claw and a glowing casque."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/daspletosaurus/": {"t": "Daspletosaurus", "s": "A frightful tyrannosaurid apex predator of Late Cretaceous Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/brachylophosaurus/": {"t": "Brachylophosaurus", "s": "A flat-crested hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/parasaurolophus/": {"t": "Parasaurolophus", "s": "A large, crested hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of North America and possibly Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/parasaurolophus.webp", "c": "Zissoudisctrucker · via Wikipedia: Parasaurolophus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-canada/e/dinosaurs-of-canada/chasmosaurus/": {"t": "Chasmosaurus", "s": "A medium-sized ceratopsid with a large, fenestrated frill."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/edmontosaurus/": {"t": "Edmontosaurus", "s": "A large duck-billed dinosaur from the end of the Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/orbit/": {"t": "Orbit", "s": "Curved trajectory of an object under an attracting force."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-species/e/dinosaur-species/edmontosaurus-annectens/": {"t": "Edmontosaurus annectens", "s": "A large duck-billed hadrosaurid from the end of the Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/e/dinosaur-subfamilies/saurolophinae/": {"t": "Saurolophinae", "s": "A subfamily of largely non-crested hadrosaurid dinosaurs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/img/dinosaur-subfamilies/saurolophinae.webp", "c": "Connor Ashbridge · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/cretaceous-dinosaurs/hadrosauroidea/": {"t": "Hadrosauroidea", "s": "Clade of duck-billed dinosaurs and their closest relatives.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/img/cretaceous-dinosaurs/hadrosauroidea.webp", "c": "Xing Hai, Wang Deyou, Han Fenglu, Corwin Sullivan, Ma Qingyu, He Yiming, David H · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/scleral-ring/": {"t": "Scleral ring", "s": "A bony or cartilaginous ring supporting the vertebrate eye."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/eardrum/": {"t": "Eardrum", "s": "Thin membrane that transmits sound to the middle ear."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/tendon/": {"t": "Tendon", "s": "Tough bands of dense fibrous connective tissue connecting muscle to bone."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/mammal/": {"t": "Mammal", "s": "Vertebrate class defined by mammary glands and three middle ear bones.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/mammal.webp", "c": "Hannah Ritchie and Klara Auerbach · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tarsus-skeleton/": {"t": "Tarsus (skeleton)", "s": "Cluster of seven bones forming the ankle and hindfoot."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/rib-cage/": {"t": "Rib cage", "s": "Bony enclosure protecting thoracic organs and enabling breathing."}, "https://codexery.com/european-dragons/e/european-dragons/balaur/": {"t": "Balaur", "s": "Many-headed dragon of Romanian folklore, often defeated by heroes."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/romanian-folklore/e/romanian-folklore/folklore-of-romania/": {"t": "Folklore of Romania", "s": "Romanian folklore blends rural traditions with learned culture and myth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/romanian-folklore/img/romanian-folklore/folklore-of-romania.webp", "c": "Britchi V.I.Iulia · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/tethys-ocean/": {"t": "Tethys Ocean", "s": "Prehistoric ocean that fragmented into the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/ethology/": {"t": "Ethology", "s": "Study of non-human animal behaviour combining laboratory and field science."}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/cretaceous-dinosaurs/eudromaeosauria/": {"t": "Eudromaeosauria", "s": "True dromaeosaurs: hypercarnivorous Cretaceous predators with sickle claws."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-subfamilies/e/dinosaur-subfamilies/unenlagiinae/": {"t": "Unenlagiinae", "s": "Long-snouted Gondwanan paravian theropods with debated classification."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/romanian-language/": {"t": "Romanian language", "s": "The official language of Romania and Moldova, spoken by 22 million people as a first language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/velociraptor/": {"t": "Velociraptor", "s": "Small but swift feathered predator of the Late Cretaceous.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/img/dinosaurs/velociraptor.webp", "c": "Pixabay user OpenClipart-Vectors · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/deinonychus/": {"t": "Deinonychus", "s": "The 'terrible claw' that sparked the dinosaur renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-mongolia/e/dinosaurs-of-mongolia/adasaurus/": {"t": "Adasaurus", "s": "A dromaeosaurid with a reduced sickle claw from Late Cretaceous Mongolia."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-france/e/dinosaurs-of-france/gargantuavis/": {"t": "Gargantuavis", "s": "Giant Mesozoic bird from the European archipelago."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-oceania/e/birds-of-oceania/eastern-barn-owl/": {"t": "Eastern barn owl", "s": "A nocturnal owl that hunts by sound across Oceania."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/genetic-drift/": {"t": "Genetic drift", "s": "Random change in allele frequencies across generations."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/homo/": {"t": "Homo", "s": "Genus of great apes including modern humans and extinct relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/hominidae/": {"t": "Hominidae", "s": "Taxonomic family of great apes including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-erectus/": {"t": "Homo erectus", "s": "First human species to leave Africa and pioneer Acheulean tools."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-ergaster/": {"t": "Homo ergaster", "s": "Early African archaic human; possible ancestor of later Homo lineages."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/e/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/chalicotheriidae/": {"t": "Chalicotheriidae", "s": "Extinct clawed perissodactyls specialized for browsing vegetation."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/tibetan-plateau/": {"t": "Tibetan Plateau", "s": "Largest and highest plateau in the world, sometimes called the 'Roof of the World'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/tibetan-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Plateau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/conglomerate-geology/": {"t": "Conglomerate (geology)", "s": "Sedimentary rock of rounded gravel clasts in finer matrix."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/fault-geology/": {"t": "Fault (geology)", "s": "A fracture in rock where displacement occurs, causing earthquakes."}, "https://codexery.com/fossils/e/fossils/biostratigraphy/": {"t": "Biostratigraphy", "s": "Correlating rock strata through fossil assemblages."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/sangiran/": {"t": "Sangiran", "s": "Major fossil site for early human ancestors in Java."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/neanderthal/": {"t": "Neanderthal", "s": "Extinct archaic humans who inhabited Europe and Western and Central Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/pika/": {"t": "Pika", "s": "Small, mountain-dwelling mammal that stores hay for winter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/img/rodents-and-small-mammals/pika.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · via Wikipedia: Pika · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/quartz/": {"t": "Quartz", "s": "A hard, abundant mineral used in jewelry and technology."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/denisovan/": {"t": "Denisovan", "s": "Archaic humans known mainly from DNA, spanning Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-antecessor/": {"t": "Homo antecessor", "s": "Early Pleistocene pioneer with a surprisingly modern face."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-floresiensis/": {"t": "Homo floresiensis", "s": "Small archaic human from Flores, Indonesia, extinct around 50,000 years ago."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-habilis/": {"t": "Homo habilis", "s": "Early archaic human associated with Oldowan stone tools."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-heidelbergensis/": {"t": "Homo heidelbergensis", "s": "A controversial Middle Pleistocene archaic human species."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-hominins/e/extinct-hominins/ardipithecus-kadabba/": {"t": "Ardipithecus kadabba", "s": "Early hominid species, probable ancestor of Ardipithecus ramidus."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-hominins/e/extinct-hominins/ardipithecus-ramidus/": {"t": "Ardipithecus ramidus", "s": "Early hominin with mixed bipedal and arboreal adaptations."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-hominins/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-afarensis/": {"t": "Australopithecus afarensis", "s": "Early hominin known for Lucy and Laetoli footprints."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-hominins/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-africanus/": {"t": "Australopithecus africanus", "s": "Early hominin from South Africa; first evidence of human evolution in Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-hominins/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-anamensis/": {"t": "Australopithecus anamensis", "s": "Oldest known Australopithecus species, lived 4.3–3.8 million years ago."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-hominins/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-bahrelghazali/": {"t": "Australopithecus bahrelghazali", "s": "Central African australopithecine known from few jawbones."}}