{"/e/power-generation/capacity-factor/": {"t": "Capacity factor", "s": "Ratio of actual to maximum possible electrical output.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/capacity-factor.webp", "c": "Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/power-generation/solar-power/": {"t": "Solar power", "s": "Conversion of sunlight into electricity via photovoltaics or concentrated solar power."}, "/e/power-generation/geothermal-power/": {"t": "Geothermal power", "s": "Renewable electricity from Earth's internal heat."}, "/e/power-generation/nuclear-power/": {"t": "Nuclear power", "s": "Nuclear reactions produce electricity via fission, decay, or fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/renewable-energy/": {"t": "Renewable energy", "s": "Energy from replenished natural resources, increasingly replacing fossil fuels."}, "/e/power-generation/hydropower/": {"t": "Hydropower", "s": "Hydropower uses falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or power machines."}, "/e/power-generation/wind-power/": {"t": "Wind power", "s": "Wind power converts wind energy into electricity via turbines."}, "/e/power-generation/biomass-energy/": {"t": "Biomass (energy)", "s": "Organic matter from recently living organisms used for bioenergy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/biomass-energy.webp", "c": "John Edwards · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-grid/": {"t": "Electrical grid", "s": "Interconnected network delivering electricity from producers to consumers."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/electricity-market/": {"t": "Electricity market", "s": "System for buying and selling electricity through an electrical grid."}, "/e/power-generation/combined-cycle-power-plant/": {"t": "Combined-cycle power plant", "s": "Two heat engines share one heat source for higher efficiency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/combined-cycle-power-plant.webp", "c": "Harald the Bard · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/power-generation/hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Hydroelectricity", "s": "Electricity generated from hydropower, a key low-carbon energy source."}, "/e/power-generation/electricity-generation/": {"t": "Electricity generation", "s": "Conversion of primary energy into electric power for end use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/electricity-generation.webp", "c": "RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/fruits-and-vegetables/maize/": {"t": "Maize", "s": "Domesticated grass staple, key to global food and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-organization/": {"t": "World Health Organization", "s": "UN agency coordinating global health responses and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/botany-and-plant-biology/starch/": {"t": "Starch", "s": "A polysaccharide energy store in plants and human staple."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/rapeseed/": {"t": "Rapeseed", "s": "A yellow-flowered crop prized for oil and protein, with canola varieties low in erucic acid and glucosinolates."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/pyrolysis/": {"t": "Pyrolysis", "s": "Thermal decomposition of organic matter without oxygen."}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/food-and-cooking/vegetable-oil/": {"t": "Vegetable oil", "s": "Edible oils from plants used for millennia in food and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/fossil-fuel/": {"t": "Fossil fuel", "s": "Non-renewable energy source formed from prehistoric organic matter."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-cell-biology/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/microorganism/": {"t": "Microorganism", "s": "Microscopic organisms that shape life, health, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/primary-production/": {"t": "Primary production", "s": "Primary production fuels nearly all life on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/primary-production.webp", "c": "M.E.M.Walton, I.Al-Maslamani, M.Chatting, D.Smyth, A.Castillo, M.W.Skov and L.Le · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cooking/e/cooking-techniques/boiling/": {"t": "Boiling", "s": "Rapid phase transition from liquid to gas at boiling point."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/brickwork/": {"t": "Brickwork", "s": "Masonry technique using bricks and mortar for structures."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/chimney/": {"t": "Chimney", "s": "Ventilation structure for exhaust gases and smoke.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/chimney.webp", "c": "Gerald England · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/early-steam-locomotives/e/early-steam-locomotives/flued-boiler/": {"t": "Flued boiler", "s": "Early boiler with large flue tubes for higher steam pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-stephenson/": {"t": "George Stephenson", "s": "English engineer; pioneered rail transport and standard gauge."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/heat-transfer/": {"t": "Heat transfer", "s": "Discipline of thermal engineering concerning exchange of thermal energy."}, "https://codexery.com/trains/e/legendary-trains/stephenson-s-rocket/": {"t": "Stephenson's Rocket", "s": "The pioneering steam locomotive that won the Rainhill Trials and set the template for future steam engines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/trains/img/legendary-trains/stephenson-s-rocket.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/nuclear-fission/": {"t": "Nuclear fission", "s": "Nuclear fission splits atomic nuclei, releasing vast energy."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/air-conditioning/": {"t": "Air conditioning", "s": "Cooling the world, from ancient passive designs to modern electric systems."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/cast-iron/": {"t": "Cast iron", "s": "Iron-carbon alloy with >2% carbon, valued for castability."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/corrosion/": {"t": "Corrosion", "s": "Natural process converting refined metals into stable oxides.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/corrosion.webp", "c": "Engr Hafiza Maida · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/lena-river/": {"t": "Lena River", "s": "The easternmost of Siberia's three great Arctic rivers, the Lena is the longest river entirely within Russia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/lena-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lena River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-power-transmission/": {"t": "Electric power transmission", "s": "Bulk movement of electrical energy from generation to substations."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/decree/": {"t": "Decree", "s": "A legal proclamation issued by a head of state or other authority."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/irkutsk/": {"t": "Irkutsk", "s": "The Paris of Siberia"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/plutonium/": {"t": "Plutonium", "s": "Plutonium is the element with the highest atomic number known to occur in nature."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/sodium/": {"t": "Sodium", "s": "Soft, reactive alkali metal essential for life."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lead/": {"t": "Lead", "s": "Heavy metal with stable isotopes and historical industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/zirconium/": {"t": "Zirconium", "s": "A corrosion-resistant transition metal used in nuclear and aerospace applications."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/electroplating/": {"t": "Electroplating", "s": "Italian chemist invented electroplating in 1805 using Volta's pile."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/gamma-ray/": {"t": "Gamma ray", "s": "Penetrating electromagnetic radiation from nuclear decay and cosmic events."}, "https://codexery.com/pandora/e/pandora/pandora-s-promise/": {"t": "Pandora's Promise", "s": "At the bottom of the box she found hope."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-japan/e/space-program-of-japan/mitsubishi-heavy-industries/": {"t": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "s": "Japanese multinational engineering and defense corporation."}, "/e/power-generation/availability-factor/": {"t": "Availability factor", "s": "Metric for power plant operational uptime versus planned production."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/three-gorges-dam/": {"t": "Three Gorges Dam", "s": "World's largest power station by installed capacity (22,500 MW).", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/three-gorges-dam.webp", "c": "NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Space Systems, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude/": {"t": "Latitude", "s": "Latitude specifies north-south position on Earth or celestial bodies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude.webp", "c": "source: Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation\nsvg conversion: Gregors\nColor: Jahobr · via Wikipedia: Latitude · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/circle-of-latitude/": {"t": "Circle of latitude", "s": "Parallel circles defining latitude on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bavaria/": {"t": "Bavaria", "s": "Largest German state, with a history from Celts to kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-generator/": {"t": "Electric generator", "s": "Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for external circuits."}, "/e/power-generation/fossil-fuel-power-station/": {"t": "Fossil fuel power station", "s": "Thermal power stations burning fossil fuels to generate electricity."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/externality/": {"t": "Externality", "s": "Unpriced cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/img/economic-concepts-and-models/externality.webp", "c": "Kohsheen Sharma · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/oecd/": {"t": "OECD", "s": "A forum of 38 market-oriented democracies promoting economic progress and world trade."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/direct-current/": {"t": "Direct current", "s": "Direct current flows in one constant direction."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/alternating-current/": {"t": "Alternating current", "s": "Electric current that reverses direction and enables efficient power transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/viscosity/": {"t": "Viscosity", "s": "Viscosity quantifies a fluid's internal resistance to flow."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nickel/": {"t": "Nickel", "s": "Silvery-white metal, ferromagnetic, key to stainless steel and batteries."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/mercury-element/": {"t": "Mercury (element)", "s": "A heavy, silvery liquid metal with unique physical properties and high toxicity."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/absorption-refrigerator/": {"t": "Absorption refrigerator", "s": "A silent refrigerator powered by heat, not electricity."}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/paper-mill/": {"t": "Paper mill", "s": "Factory for making paper from vegetable fibers."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/chemical-reactor/": {"t": "Chemical reactor", "s": "Enclosed vessel where chemical reactions are carried out in process engineering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/img/chemical-reactors-and-processes/chemical-reactor.webp", "c": "G YassineMrabet Talk ✉ · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/enthalpy/": {"t": "Enthalpy", "s": "Enthalpy is the sum of internal energy and pressure-volume work."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/central-heating/": {"t": "Central heating", "s": "A system that provides warmth to multiple spaces from one main heat source."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/watt/": {"t": "Watt", "s": "SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/refrigeration/": {"t": "Refrigeration", "s": "Artificial cooling that transformed food preservation and human settlement."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/sustainability/": {"t": "Sustainability", "s": "Ability to continue over a long period of time."}, "/e/power-generation/boiler-power-generation/": {"t": "Boiler (power generation)", "s": "Device creating steam by heating water for power or heat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/boiler-power-generation.webp", "c": "TheDeman · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/power-generation/gas-fired-power-plant/": {"t": "Gas-fired power plant", "s": "Burns natural gas to generate electricity; major emitter."}, "/e/power-generation/cogeneration/": {"t": "Cogeneration", "s": "Simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/cogeneration.webp", "c": "Gregg Tavares · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/thermodynamic-cycle/": {"t": "Thermodynamic cycle", "s": "A cycle returns a system to its initial state."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/cooling-tower/": {"t": "Cooling tower", "s": "Device that rejects waste heat by cooling water."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/economies-of-scale/": {"t": "Economies of scale", "s": "Cost advantages obtained by enterprises due to their scale of operation."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/biofuel/": {"t": "Biofuel", "s": "Renewable fuel from biomass, debated for sustainability and land use."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/kerosene/": {"t": "Kerosene", "s": "Combustible hydrocarbon liquid derived from petroleum, used as fuel."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/vanadium/": {"t": "Vanadium", "s": "The colorful transition metal named after a Norse goddess."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/midwestern-united-states/": {"t": "Midwestern United States", "s": "A north-central U.S. region of industry, agriculture, and political swing states."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/siemens/": {"t": "Siemens", "s": "European engineering giant with roots in telegraphy and industrial automation."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/general-electric/": {"t": "General Electric", "s": "American conglomerate formed from Edison and Thomson-Houston merger in 1892."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/desalination/": {"t": "Desalination", "s": "Converting salt water to fresh water through artificial processes."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/archimedes/": {"t": "Archimedes", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor of Syracuse."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-military-equipment/e/ancient-greek-military-equipment/claw-of-archimedes/": {"t": "Claw of Archimedes", "s": "Ancient crane-like weapon used to capsize Roman ships during the Siege of Syracuse."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/archimedes-heat-ray/": {"t": "Archimedes' heat ray", "s": "A disputed ancient solar weapon attributed to Archimedes."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-australia/e/space-program-of-australia/csiro/": {"t": "CSIRO", "s": "Australia's national science agency, advancing research since 1916."}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/mojave-desert/": {"t": "Mojave Desert", "s": "Smallest and driest of the four North American deserts."}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/kalahari-desert/": {"t": "Kalahari Desert", "s": "Large semiarid savanna in Southern Africa with ancient wetter past.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/img/deserts-and-drylands/kalahari-desert.webp", "c": "Emilfarb at English Wikipedia · via Wikipedia: Kalahari Desert · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/renminbi/": {"t": "Renminbi", "s": "Official currency of the People's Republic of China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/renminbi.webp", "c": "White whirlwind · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-power/": {"t": "Electric power", "s": "Electric power is the rate of electrical energy transfer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-power.webp", "c": "Alan O'Dowd · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-power-distribution/": {"t": "Electric power distribution", "s": "Final stage delivering electricity from transmission to end users."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-inventions/e/swiss-inventions/pumped-storage-hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Pumped-storage hydroelectricity", "s": "Storing energy by pumping water uphill for later power generation."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/kinetic-energy/": {"t": "Kinetic energy", "s": "Energy of motion, quantified as ½mv² in classical mechanics."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/electrification/": {"t": "Electrification", "s": "Electrification is powering by electricity, transforming industry and daily life."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventions/e/russian-inventions/ac-transformer/": {"t": "AC transformer", "s": "Passive component transferring energy via electromagnetic induction."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/incandescent-light-bulb/": {"t": "Incandescent light bulb", "s": "The incandescent light bulb: a heated filament in a vacuum or inert gas, producing light by incandescence."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-induction/": {"t": "Electromagnetic induction", "s": "Production of emf across a conductor in a changing magnetic field."}, "https://codexery.com/irish-inventors/e/irish-inventors/charles-algernon-parsons/": {"t": "Charles Algernon Parsons", "s": "Anglo-Irish engineer who invented the modern steam turbine."}, "https://codexery.com/rf-connectors-and-coax/e/rf-connectors-and-coax/transmission-line/": {"t": "Transmission line", "s": "A structure designed to conduct electromagnetic waves with minimal reflections and losses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rf-connectors-and-coax/img/rf-connectors-and-coax/transmission-line.webp", "c": "Thebezaliel · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petroleum/": {"t": "Petroleum", "s": "A fossil fuel central to modern industry and climate change."}, "/e/power-generation/concentrated-solar-power/": {"t": "Concentrated solar power", "s": "CSP uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight for heat and electricity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/concentrated-solar-power.webp", "c": "Martin Brown · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis/": {"t": "Chemical synthesis", "s": "Artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis.webp", "c": "KlijnB · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/chemical-decomposition/": {"t": "Chemical decomposition", "s": "Chemical decomposition breaks one reactant into multiple products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/chemical-decomposition.webp", "c": "Alice13281 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/barge/": {"t": "Barge", "s": "Flat-bottomed boat without mechanical propulsion, used for cargo.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/barge.webp", "c": "Matti Blume · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/methane/": {"t": "Methane", "s": "Simplest alkane, main component of natural gas, potent greenhouse gas."}, "/e/power-generation/coal-fired-power-station/": {"t": "Coal-fired power station", "s": "Burns coal to generate electricity; major source of emissions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/coal-fired-power-station.webp", "c": "ThomasYehYeh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/beppu/": {"t": "Beppu", "s": "A Japanese city renowned for its hot springs and geothermal wonders."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-crust/": {"t": "Earth's crust", "s": "Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, comprising less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/earth-s-crust.webp", "c": "User:Zakapedia · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/magma/": {"t": "Magma", "s": "Molten rock beneath Earth's surface, source of all igneous rocks."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/hot-spring/": {"t": "Hot spring", "s": "A spring produced by geothermally heated groundwater.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/hot-spring.webp", "c": "Continental Stereoscopic Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/oil-well/": {"t": "Oil well", "s": "A drillhole designed to bring petroleum hydrocarbons to 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natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/weapon-designers/e/weapon-designers/william-armstrong-1st-baron-armstrong/": {"t": "William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong", "s": "English engineer and industrialist who invented modern artillery.", "i": "https://codexery.com/weapon-designers/img/weapon-designers/william-armstrong-1st-baron-armstrong.webp", "c": "WJ Worsups, Rothbury · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls/": {"t": "Niagara Falls", "s": "Thundering waters at the border of Canada and the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niagara Falls · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/paraguay/": {"t": "Paraguay", "s": "A landlocked nation with a rich indigenous heritage and a resilient history."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/potential-energy/": {"t": "Potential energy", "s": "Energy stored in an object's position or configuration."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/energy-demand-management/": {"t": "Energy demand management", "s": "Modifying consumer energy demand to balance grid and reduce costs."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-water-supply/": {"t": "Aqueduct (water supply)", "s": "Ancient and modern systems for conveying water from source to users."}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/textile/": {"t": "Textile", "s": "Fibre-based materials from clothing to geotextiles."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/crane-machine/": {"t": "Crane (machine)", "s": "A machine for lifting and moving heavy objects using mechanical advantage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/crane-machine.webp", "c": "Wilfredo R. Rodriguez H. edited by Gregory David Harington · via Wikipedia: Crane (machine) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/volumetric-flow-rate/": {"t": "Volumetric flow rate", "s": "Volume of fluid passing per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/wales/": {"t": "Wales", "s": "A country of mountains, coast, and ancient culture, part of the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/sumer/": {"t": "Sumer", "s": "Earliest known civilization, emerging in southern Mesopotamia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/sumer.webp", "c": "Original: Phirosiberia Derivative: باسم · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/vitruvius/": {"t": "Vitruvius", "s": "Roman architect and engineer, author of De architectura"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/hierapolis-sawmill/": {"t": "Hierapolis sawmill", "s": "Earliest known machine combining crank and connecting rod."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/radioactive-decay/": {"t": "Radioactive decay", "s": "Unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/nuclear-fusion/": {"t": "Nuclear fusion", "s": "Nuclear fusion combines nuclei, releasing energy that powers stars and weapons."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/voyager-2/": {"t": "Voyager 2", "s": "Only spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune."}, "https://codexery.com/chernobyl/e/events/chernobyl-disaster/": {"t": "Chernobyl Disaster", "s": "The explosion of reactor 4 on 26 April 1986 and what followed."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/nuclear-physics/": {"t": "Nuclear physics", "s": "Study of atomic nuclei and their interactions."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/": {"t": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "s": "First and only nuclear attacks in war, ending World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki.webp", "c": "Government Printing Office · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-current/": {"t": "Electric current", "s": "Flow of charged particles through a conductor or space."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/selenium/": {"t": "Selenium", "s": "Essential trace element and semiconductor discovered in 1817."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/silicon/": {"t": "Silicon", "s": "The semiconductor element that shapes the modern world."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/patagonia/": {"t": "Patagonia", "s": "A vast region spanning southern South America, shared by Argentina and Chile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/patagonia.webp", "c": "Argentixs · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/nordic-countries/": {"t": "Nordic countries", "s": "A region of Northern Europe with deep historical and cultural ties."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-types/e/battery-types/rechargeable-battery/": {"t": "Rechargeable battery", "s": "Rechargeable batteries can be charged, discharged, and recharged many times.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battery-types/img/battery-types/rechargeable-battery.webp", "c": "WaxPhilosophic · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/doubly-fed-electric-machine/": {"t": "Doubly fed electric machine", "s": "Doubly fed machines allow variable speed with reduced converter cost."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/demand-response/": {"t": "Demand response", "s": "Technology-enabled economic rationing system for electric power supply."}}