{"https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/self-determination/": {"t": "Self-determination", "s": "A people's right to form its own political entity."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-orders/e/bird-orders/psittaciformes/": {"t": "Psittaciformes", "s": "Intelligent, colorful birds with strong curved beaks and zygodactyl feet."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/endangered/african-elephant/": {"t": "African Elephant", "s": "The two elephant species of Africa, the largest land animals alive and both at risk of extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/endangered/african-elephant.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: African elephant · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/mood-disorder/": {"t": "Mood disorder", "s": "A group of mental disorders with mood disturbance as the core feature."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cerebral-cortex/": {"t": "Cerebral cortex", "s": "Outer neural layer of the cerebrum, key to higher cognition."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/scientific-american/": {"t": "Scientific American", "s": "Oldest continuously published U.S. magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/psychological-trauma/": {"t": "Psychological trauma", "s": "An emotional response to severe distressing events, studied in psychotraumatology."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/alternative-medicine/": {"t": "Alternative medicine", "s": "Practices claiming healing effects without scientific evidence or plausibility.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/alternative-medicine.webp", "c": "FBenjr123 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/september-11-attacks/": {"t": "September 11 attacks", "s": "Coordinated al-Qaeda suicide hijackings killed nearly 3,000 people."}, "/e/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/eye-movement-desensitization-and-reprocessing/": {"t": "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing", "s": "Psychotherapy for PTSD using bilateral stimulation."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/hypothesis/": {"t": "Hypothesis", "s": "A proposed explanation requiring testable and reproducible prediction."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/major-depressive-disorder/": {"t": "Major depressive disorder", "s": "A mood disorder causing pervasive low mood and loss of interest."}, "https://codexery.com/syndromes-of-unknown-causes/e/syndromes-of-unknown-causes/myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/": {"t": "Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome", "s": "A disabling chronic illness of unknown cause with post-exertional malaise."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/fibromyalgia/": {"t": "Fibromyalgia", "s": "Chronic pain condition with unknown causes and multidisciplinary treatment."}, "https://codexery.com/ailments-of-unknown-cause/e/ailments-of-unknown-cause/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/": {"t": "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "s": "A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/sampling-statistics/": {"t": "Sampling (statistics)", "s": "Selecting a subset to estimate characteristics of a whole population."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/factions/united-states-army/": {"t": "United States Army", "s": "The service Easy Company fought in.", "i": "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/img/factions/united-states-army.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: United States Army · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/e/military-conflicts-and-wars/iraq-war/": {"t": "Iraq War", "s": "The 2003 to 2011 conflict that opened with a US-led invasion and removed Saddam Hussein from power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/img/military-conflicts-and-wars/iraq-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iraq War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/political-science/": {"t": "Political science", "s": "Empirical study of politics, governance, and power."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/national-security/": {"t": "National security", "s": "Security and defense of a sovereign state and its institutions."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/childbirth/": {"t": "Childbirth", "s": "Completion of pregnancy resulting in one or more newborns."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/avoidance-coping/": {"t": "Avoidance coping", "s": "A coping mechanism involving efforts to avoid stressors."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/preterm-birth/": {"t": "Preterm birth", "s": "Preterm birth is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, with risks increasing the earlier the baby is born."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-philosophy/e/nonfiction-and-philosophy/diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-of-mental-disorders/": {"t": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "s": "Standard classification of mental disorders by the American Psychiatric Association."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/postpartum-depression/": {"t": "Postpartum depression", "s": "A mood disorder affecting pregnant and postpartum women, with symptoms including extreme sadness, anxiety, and changes in sleep or eating."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/": {"t": "Cognitive behavioral therapy", "s": "Psychotherapy combining cognitive and behavioral principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-behavioral-therapy.webp", "c": "Urstadt · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/": {"t": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "s": "Second-oldest Israeli university, co-founded by Einstein and Weizmann.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/homeland/e/factions/mossad/": {"t": "Mossad", "s": "Israel's intelligence agency."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/gaza-strip/": {"t": "Gaza Strip", "s": "A densely populated Palestinian territory under blockade and conflict.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/img/cultural-and-historical-regions/gaza-strip.webp", "c": "TUBS · via Wikipedia: Gaza Strip · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-mandatory-palestine/e/history-of-mandatory-palestine/aliyah/": {"t": "Aliyah", "s": "Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel, central to Zionism."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/rolling-stone/": {"t": "Rolling Stone", "s": "All the news that fits"}, "https://codexery.com/traumatology/e/traumatology/benefit-finding/": {"t": "Benefit finding", "s": "Positive change from struggling with highly challenging life circumstances."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/surrey/": {"t": "Surrey", "s": "A historic county in South East England with dense woodland."}, "/e/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/shell-shock/": {"t": "Shell shock", "s": "World War I term for combat-related psychological and physical trauma."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/staffordshire/": {"t": "Staffordshire", "s": "The historic county of the Staffordshire Hoard and the Potteries"}, "https://codexery.com/ethics-morality/e/ethics-and-morality/sexual-slavery/": {"t": "Sexual slavery", "s": "Sexual slavery is an abuse of human rights, encompassing forced sexual activities under ownership or coercion."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/taboo/euphemism/": {"t": "Euphemism", "s": "A linguistic substitution to soften offensive or taboo expressions."}, "https://codexery.com/civil-law-and-remedies/e/civil-law-and-remedies/minor-law/": {"t": "Minor (law)", "s": "A minor is a person under the age of majority."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/prostitution/": {"t": "Prostitution", "s": "Sex work involving payment for sexual activity, with varied legal statuses worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/nanjing-massacre/": {"t": "Nanjing Massacre", "s": "Mass rape and murder by Japanese forces in Nanjing."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war/": {"t": "Russo-Japanese War", "s": "War between Russia and Japan over imperial ambitions in East Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Imperial Instituto Artistico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/manchukuo/": {"t": "Manchukuo", "s": "Japanese puppet state in Manchuria, 1932–1945."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-military-tribunal-for-the-far-east/": {"t": "International Military Tribunal for the Far East", "s": "Post-WWII tribunal for Japanese war crimes leaders."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/japanese-war-crimes/": {"t": "Japanese war crimes", "s": "War crimes by Imperial Japan caused millions of deaths across Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/japanese-war-crimes.webp", "c": "No 9 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Morris, W A (Sergeant). Post-Work: User: · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/french-indochina/": {"t": "French Indochina", "s": "French-dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/manchuria/": {"t": "Manchuria", "s": "Historical region in Northeast Asia, homeland of the Manchus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/manchuria.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/tianjin/": {"t": "Tianjin", "s": "A dual-core port city on the Hai River and Bohai Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/korea-under-japanese-rule/e/korea-under-japanese-rule/korea-under-japanese-rule/": {"t": "Korea under Japanese rule", "s": "Japanese colonial rule over Korea from 1910 to 1945."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/taiwan-under-japanese-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Japanese rule", "s": "The period of Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895 after the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, following Japan"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/statute/": {"t": "Statute", "s": "A formal written enactment of a legislative body.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/img/legal-systems-and-concepts/statute.webp", "c": "Wojsyl · via Wikipedia: Statute · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/conscription/": {"t": "Conscription", "s": "Compulsory enlistment in national service, enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/humiliation/": {"t": "Humiliation", "s": "Emotion of status loss with profound psychological and social effects."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/torture/": {"t": "Torture", "s": "Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/img/crime-and-deviance/torture.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/anal-sex/": {"t": "Anal sex", "s": "Sexual activity involving the anus and rectum."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/e/legal-systems-and-courts/administrative-law/": {"t": "Administrative law", "s": "Branch of law governing executive branch agency activities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/img/legal-systems-and-courts/administrative-law.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/sadomasochism/": {"t": "Sadomasochism", "s": "Pleasure derived from inflicting or receiving pain or humiliation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/historical-figures-and-leaders/peter-kropotkin/": {"t": "Peter Kropotkin", "s": "Russian anarchist philosopher and geographer who championed anarchist communism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/img/historical-figures-and-leaders/peter-kropotkin.webp", "c": "Foreign Bureau Communication Anarcho-Syndicalists · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/eastern-front-world-war-ii/": {"t": "Eastern Front (World War II)", "s": "The decisive theatre of World War II where the Axis powers were defeated on the Eastern Front.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/eastern-front-world-war-ii.webp", "c": "FOTO:Fortepan — ID 27693 : Adományozó/Donor: Konok Tamás id. archive copy at the · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/ombudsman/": {"t": "Ombudsman", "s": "A government official who investigates complaints and recommends remedies."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-and-accessories/e/clothing-and-accessories/belt-clothing/": {"t": "Belt (clothing)", "s": "A flexible band or strap worn around the waist, used to secure clothing or as a fashion accessory."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-disorders/e/mental-disorders/mental-disorder/": {"t": "Mental disorder", "s": "A mental pattern causing distress or impaired functioning."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/characters/william-the-conqueror/": {"t": "William the Conqueror", "s": "Duke of Normandy who conquered England in 1066."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/story/norman-conquest-of-england/": {"t": "Norman Conquest of England", "s": "William of Normandy's invasion of England in 1066."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/lore/the-crusades/": {"t": "The Crusades", "s": "Papal wars of 1095-1291 to win and hold the Holy Land."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/lore/pope-gregory-vii/": {"t": "Pope Gregory VII", "s": "Hildebrand, the reforming pope of the Investiture Controversy."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/peace-and-truce-of-god/": {"t": "Peace and Truce of God", "s": "Medieval Church-led movement to limit feudal violence through spiritual sanctions."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/christendom/": {"t": "Christendom", "s": "The global Christian community and its historical polity."}, "https://codexery.com/weather-hazards/e/weather-hazards/extreme-weather/": {"t": "Extreme weather", "s": "Extreme weather is rare, severe, and can disrupt communities and ecosystems."}, "https://codexery.com/weather-hazards/e/weather-hazards/heat-wave/": {"t": "Heat wave", "s": "A prolonged period of abnormally hot weather, often lasting days to weeks."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/depression-mood/": {"t": "Depression (mood)", "s": "A mental state of low mood and aversion to activity."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/landslide/": {"t": "Landslide", "s": "Mass wasting events driven by gravity and slope instability."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-disorders/e/mental-disorders/mental-health-literacy/": {"t": "Mental health literacy", "s": "Knowledge and beliefs aiding recognition, management, and prevention of mental disorders."}, "https://codexery.com/weather-hazards/e/weather-hazards/post-tropical-cyclone/": {"t": "Post-tropical cyclone", "s": "Former tropical cyclone lacking tropical characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-organization/": {"t": "World Health Organization", "s": "UN agency coordinating global health responses and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/eye/": {"t": "Eye", "s": "Sensory organ that detects light and enables vision."}, "https://codexery.com/traumatology/e/traumatology/complex-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/": {"t": "Complex post-traumatic stress disorder", "s": "A stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas, with additional symptoms beyond PTSD."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/falsifiability/": {"t": "Falsifiability", "s": "A logical criterion for distinguishing scientific from non-scientific statements."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/ethics/": {"t": "Ethics", "s": "Philosophical study of moral phenomena and normative questions."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/vietnam-war/": {"t": "Vietnam War", "s": "Cold War proxy war ending in communist victory across Indochina."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/panic-disorder/": {"t": "Panic disorder", "s": "An anxiety disorder marked by sudden, intense panic attacks."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/generalized-anxiety-disorder/": {"t": "Generalized anxiety disorder", "s": "An anxiety disorder marked by persistent, excessive worry."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/schizophrenia/": {"t": "Schizophrenia", "s": "A chronic mental disorder with psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/schizophrenia.webp", "c": "cometstarmoon · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/neurotransmitter/": {"t": "Neurotransmitter", "s": "Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons or to target cells."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/dissociation-psychology/": {"t": "Dissociation (psychology)", "s": "A detachment from reality, not a false perception of it."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/gene-expression/": {"t": "Gene expression", "s": "Process by which genes produce functional products."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/methionine/": {"t": "Methionine", "s": "Essential amino acid, precursor to cysteine and rSAM."}, "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/e/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/rwandan-genocide/": {"t": "Rwandan genocide", "s": "Over approximately 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/img/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/rwandan-genocide.webp", "c": "Adam Jones, Ph.D. · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetic-epidemiology/e/genetic-epidemiology/genome-wide-association-study/": {"t": "Genome-wide association study", "s": "A hypothesis-free scan for genetic variants linked to traits."}, "https://codexery.com/origin-myths/e/origin-myths/etiology/": {"t": "Etiology", "s": "Study of causes, origins, or reasons behind phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/epigenetics/": {"t": "Epigenetics", "s": "Study of heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/transcription-biology/": {"t": "Transcription (biology)", "s": "The process of synthesizing an RNA copy of a specific DNA segment for gene expression."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/the-holocaust/": {"t": "The Holocaust", "s": "The Holocaust, called the Shoah in Hebrew, refers to the systematic murder of European Jews carried out during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/psychology/e/psychology/evolutionary-psychology/": {"t": "Evolutionary psychology", "s": "A theoretical approach applying evolutionary principles to human psychology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/evolutionary-psychology.webp", "c": "William James · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/fight-or-flight-response/": {"t": "Fight-or-flight response", "s": "Physiological reaction to perceived threats, first described by Walter Cannon."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleolithic/": {"t": "Paleolithic", "s": "The Old Stone Age: from the first stone tools to the end of the Pleistocene."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/stanford-university/": {"t": "Stanford University", "s": "Private research university in Stanford, California, founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/stanford-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stanford University · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "ESO/M. Kornmesser (photo displayed on the magazine cover) · via Wikipedia: Nature (journal) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/parapsychology/": {"t": "Parapsychology", "s": "Study of alleged psychic phenomena, criticized as pseudoscience."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/epidemiology/": {"t": "Epidemiology", "s": "The study of health outcomes and diseases in specific populations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/epidemiology.webp", "c": "David P. 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"Statutory interpretation", "s": "Courts interpret statutes to resolve ambiguity and apply law."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/psychiatry/": {"t": "Psychiatry", "s": "Medical specialty treating mental disorders via diagnosis and therapy."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/e/pioneers-of-medicine/jean-martin-charcot/": {"t": "Jean-Martin Charcot", "s": "French neurologist who founded modern neurology and studied hysteria."}, "https://codexery.com/tourette-syndrome/e/tourette-syndrome/georges-gilles-de-la-tourette/": {"t": "Georges Gilles de la Tourette", "s": "French neurologist and namesake of Tourette syndrome."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/revanchism/": {"t": "Revanchism", "s": "A policy of revenge for territorial losses, often fueling nationalist movements and conflicts."}, "https://codexery.com/words-and-phrases-derived-from-greek/e/words-and-phrases-derived-from-greek-mythology/oedipus-complex/": {"t": "Oedipus complex", "s": "Psychoanalytic theory of child's desire for opposite-sex parent."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples", "s": "Indigenous peoples are diverse groups with ancestral ties to traditional territories."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/erectile-dysfunction/": {"t": "Erectile dysfunction", "s": "Most common male sexual dysfunction, treatable with lifestyle and medication."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/patriotism/": {"t": 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"https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/albert-ellis/": {"t": "Albert Ellis", "s": "Founder of rational emotive behavior therapy and a pioneer of cognitive-behavioral therapies."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/aaron-beck/": {"t": "Aaron Beck", "s": "American psychiatrist who founded cognitive therapy and CBT.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/aaron-beck.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aaron Beck · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-trauma/e/types-of-trauma/racial-trauma/": {"t": "Racial trauma", "s": "Cumulative mental and physical harm from racism across BIPOC communities."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/rapid-eye-movement-sleep/": {"t": "Rapid eye movement sleep", "s": "REM sleep is a paradoxical phase of sleep linked to dreaming."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/": {"t": "Obsessive–compulsive disorder", "s": "Chronic mental disorder with obsessions and compulsions impairing function."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/virtual-reality-therapy/": {"t": "Virtual reality therapy", "s": "Immersive digital environments for psychological and physical therapy."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacotherapy/": {"t": "Pharmacotherapy", "s": "Medical treatment using pharmaceutical drugs for symptoms, conditions, or prevention."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor/": {"t": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "s": "SSRIs block serotonin reuptake to treat depression and anxiety."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/sertraline/": {"t": "Sertraline", 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"https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/latin-america.webp", "c": "Henrykez · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/starvation/": {"t": "Starvation", "s": "Starvation is the most extreme form of malnutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/sexual-assault/": {"t": "Sexual assault", "s": "Sexual assault is unwanted sexual contact or coercion without consent."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/violence/": {"t": "Violence", "s": "Violence is the intentional use of force causing harm."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/culture-bound-syndromes/e/culture-bound-syndromes/culture-bound-syndrome/": {"t": "Culture-bound syndrome", "s": 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"https://codexery.com/overuse-injuries/e/overuse-injuries/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/": {"t": "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy", "s": "Neurodegenerative tauopathy from repetitive head impacts, diagnosed only after death.", "i": "https://codexery.com/overuse-injuries/img/overuse-injuries/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy.webp", "c": "Boston University Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/neurotrauma/e/neurotrauma/rehabilitation-neuropsychology/": {"t": "Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)", "s": "Retraining neural pathways to restore cognitive and physical function."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-theatre/e/ancient-greek-theatre/tragedy/": {"t": "Tragedy", "s": "A dramatic genre invoking catharsis through human suffering."}, "https://codexery.com/biopiracy/e/biopiracy/cannabis/": {"t": "Cannabis", "s": "A disputed genus of plants used for fiber, medicine, and recreation."}, 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"Amazonian psychoactive brew with deep Indigenous roots."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/pediatrics/": {"t": "Pediatrics", "s": "Branch of medicine for the medical care of children and young adults."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/development-of-the-human-body/": {"t": "Development of the human body", "s": "Process of growth from fertilization to maturity."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/fidgeting/": {"t": "Fidgeting", "s": "Restless movements often linked to attention and arousal."}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/insight/": {"t": "InSight", "s": "Lander that studied Mars' deep interior and detected marsquakes."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/depersonalization/": {"t": "Depersonalization", "s": "A dissociative symptom of 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"https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/screening-medicine/": {"t": "Screening (medicine)", "s": "Testing asymptomatic individuals to detect disease early.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/screening-medicine.webp", "c": "Knowledge and philosophy · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/randomized-controlled-trial/": {"t": "Randomized controlled trial", "s": "A statistical experiment using random allocation to reduce bias."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/therapy/": {"t": "Therapy", "s": "Therapy is the attempted remediation of a health problem."}, 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"https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/jewish-ghettos-established-by-nazi-germany/": {"t": "Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany", "s": "Segregated districts used to confine and exploit Jews in occupied Eastern Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/domestic-violence/": {"t": "Domestic violence", "s": "Violence occurring in a domestic setting, often underreported worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/mcgill-university/": {"t": "McGill University", "s": "English-language public research university in Montreal, founded 1821."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/neurological-disorders/e/neurological-disorders/brain-damage/": {"t": "Brain damage", "s": "Brain damage is destruction of brain cells from trauma or internal causes."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/human-brain/": {"t": "Human brain", "s": "Central organ of the nervous system, controlling body activities."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/tinnitus/": {"t": "Tinnitus", "s": "A condition of hearing sounds without an external source, often linked to hearing loss."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/amnesia/": {"t": "Amnesia", "s": "Memory loss from brain damage, disease, or trauma."}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/pain/headache/": {"t": "Headache", "s": "Pain in the head, face, or neck; often benign but sometimes serious."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/conversion-disorder/": {"t": "Conversion disorder", "s": "A formerly diagnosed psychiatric disorder with neurological symptoms linked to psychological stress, now replaced by FNSD and DNSD.", "i": "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/img/disorders-causing-seizures/conversion-disorder.webp", "c": "DoD News · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/dissociative-fugue/": {"t": "Dissociative fugue", "s": "A dissociative disorder involving amnesia and unexpected travel."}, "https://codexery.com/wound-decorations/e/wound-decorations/wound-stripe/": {"t": "Wound stripe", "s": "A dress distinction for soldiers wounded in combat."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medicalization/": {"t": "Medicalization", "s": "Process by which human conditions become defined as medical."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-respiratory-system/e/symptoms-and-signs-respiratory-system/muteness/": {"t": "Muteness", "s": "Absence of speech from varied causes."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}}