{"https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/portrait-painting/": {"t": "Portrait painting", "s": "A genre of painting representing specific human subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/history-painting/": {"t": "History painting", "s": "A narrative painting genre, traditionally the highest form of Western art."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/resins/e/resins/japanning/": {"t": "Japanning", "s": "European imitation of East Asian lacquerwork, popular from the 17th century."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/nova-scotia/": {"t": "Nova Scotia", "s": "Canada's most populous Atlantic province, rich in Mi'kmaq heritage and Scottish history."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/pastel/": {"t": "Pastel", "s": "A dry pigment medium used since the Renaissance for vibrant artworks."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/titian/": {"t": "Titian", "s": "Italian Renaissance painter, founder of the Venetian school, known for his masterful use of colour.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/titian.webp", "c": "Titian · via Wikipedia: Titian · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/joshua-reynolds/": {"t": "Joshua Reynolds", "s": "The leading portrait artist of the 18th-century and arguably one of the greatest artists in the history of art.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/joshua-reynolds.webp", "c": "Joshua Reynolds · via Wikipedia: Joshua Reynolds · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/midwestern-united-states/": {"t": "Midwestern United States", "s": "A north-central U.S. region of industry, agriculture, and political swing states."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/jaws/e/jaws/martha-s-vineyard/": {"t": "Martha's Vineyard", "s": "Affluent Massachusetts island with a large seasonal population."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/ozark-plateau/": {"t": "Ozark Plateau", "s": "Extensive highland region spanning four U.S. states.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/ozark-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ozarks · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/el-greco/": {"t": "El Greco", "s": "Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance, known for tortuously elongated figures and fantastic pigmentation."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/indiana/": {"t": "Indiana", "s": "Midwestern state known as the Hoosier State, admitted in 1816.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/indiana.webp", "c": "Riker, Dorothy Lois, 1904; Indiana. Governor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/lithography/": {"t": "Lithography", "s": "Lithography is a printing technique that relies on the natural repulsion between oil and water."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jackson-pollock/": {"t": "Jackson Pollock", "s": "American abstract expressionist known for his drip painting technique."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/abstract-expressionism/": {"t": "Abstract expressionism", "s": "First American art movement to gain global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/dennis-hopper/": {"t": "Dennis Hopper", "s": "Key figure of New Hollywood; actor, director, photographer."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/documentary-film/": {"t": "Documentary film", "s": "Nonfiction film documenting reality for instruction or record."}, "https://codexery.com/sociologists-and-political-theorists/e/sociologists-and-political-theorists/alexis-de-tocqueville/": {"t": "Alexis de Tocqueville", "s": "French diplomat and thinker who analyzed democracy and revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/harper-s-bazaar/": {"t": "Harper's Bazaar", "s": "The style resource for women at every age, showcasing visionary stylists, photographers, and designers with authority and insider insight."}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/edward-steichen/": {"t": "Edward Steichen", "s": "Pioneer of fashion photography and MoMA's photography director.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/photographers/edward-steichen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edward Steichen · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/vogue-magazine/": {"t": "Vogue (magazine)", "s": "A monthly fashion magazine covering style, culture, and runway."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/fortune-magazine/": {"t": "Fortune (magazine)", "s": "The Ideal Super-Class Magazine"}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/diane-arbus/": {"t": "Diane Arbus", "s": "American photographer who expanded acceptable subject matter in portraiture."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/savannah-georgia/": {"t": "Savannah, Georgia", "s": "Georgia's first city, a historic port and cultural gem.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/savannah-georgia.webp", "c": "Department of Commerce. Bureau of Public Roads. 8/20/1949-4/1/1967 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural/e/world/new-orleans-louisiana/": {"t": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "s": "The Crescent City on the Mississippi, where Creole culture, Voodoo and Mardi Gras grew up together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/supernatural/img/world/new-orleans-louisiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Orleans · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jack-kerouac/": {"t": "Jack Kerouac", "s": "Beat Generation pioneer and master of spontaneous prose"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/pre-raphaelite-brotherhood/": {"t": "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood", "s": "English reform movement rejecting Raphael's influence for medieval detail.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements/img/art-movements/pre-raphaelite-brotherhood.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/designers-and-craftsmen/e/designers-and-craftsmen/william-morris/": {"t": "William Morris", "s": "English textile designer, poet, and socialist activist"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/modernism/": {"t": "Modernism", "s": "Early 20th-century movement emphasizing experimentation and subjective experience."}, "https://codexery.com/painters-visual-artists/e/painters-and-visual-artists/william-holman-hunt/": {"t": "William Holman Hunt", "s": "English painter and co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.", "i": "https://codexery.com/painters-visual-artists/img/painters-and-visual-artists/william-holman-hunt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: William Holman Hunt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edward-elgar/": {"t": "Edward Elgar", "s": "English composer of orchestral and choral works."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/james-mcneill-whistler/": {"t": "James McNeill Whistler", "s": "American painter and printmaker known for 'art for art's sake' and iconic works like Whistler's Mother."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/john-singer-sargent/": {"t": "John Singer Sargent", "s": "American expatriate portrait painter of Belle Époque and Edwardian luxury."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/diego-vel-zquez/": {"t": "Diego Velázquez", "s": "Spanish Baroque painter of the court of Philip IV.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/diego-vel-zquez.webp", "c": "Diego Velázquez · via Wikipedia: Diego Velázquez · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-princes-in-the-tower/": {"t": "The Princes in the Tower", "s": "The mystery of the two young princes who vanished in the Tower of London."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-paul-s-cathedral/": {"t": "St. Paul's Cathedral", "s": "Wren's domed English Baroque cathedral on Ludgate Hill, seat of the Bishop of London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-paul-s-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St Paul's Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/bbc-television-miniseries/e/bbc-television-miniseries/desperate-romantics/": {"t": "Desperate Romantics", "s": "A fictionalised drama about the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/academic-art/": {"t": "Academic art", "s": "The idealistic style shaped by European academies, blending classical tradition with state power."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/genre-painting/": {"t": "Genre painting", "s": "Painting of everyday life by ordinary people."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/john-everett-millais/": {"t": "John Everett Millais", "s": "English painter and illustrator, co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/e/roman-mythology/roman-mythology/": {"t": "Roman mythology", "s": "Roman myths blend history, politics, and divine destiny.", "i": "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/img/roman-mythology/roman-mythology.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/victoria-and-albert-museum/": {"t": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "s": "World's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/lawrence-alma-tadema/": {"t": "Lawrence Alma-Tadema", "s": "Dutch painter of classical subjects, known for his meticulous depictions of Roman luxury.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/lawrence-alma-tadema.webp", "c": "Unidentified photographer. Gift of Charles Scribner's Sons. · via Wikipedia: Lawrence Alma-Tadema · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-bbc-studios/e/television-series-by-bbc-studios/antiques-roadshow/": {"t": "Antiques Roadshow", "s": "Antiques appraisers travel the UK to value local treasures."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/landscape-painting/": {"t": "Landscape painting", "s": "Depiction of natural scenery as a coherent composition."}, "https://codexery.com/davy-crockett/e/davy-crockett/asher-brown-durand/": {"t": "Asher Brown Durand", "s": "American engraver and Hudson River School painter."}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut/": {"t": "Hartford, Connecticut", "s": "Hartford: The Insurance Capital of the World and America's Filing Cabinet", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hartford, Connecticut · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sculpture/e/sculpture/frieze/": {"t": "Frieze", "s": "Central entablature section, often decorated with bas-reliefs."}, "https://codexery.com/rites-of-passage/e/rites-of-passage/grand-tour/": {"t": "Grand Tour", "s": "An educational journey through Europe for young elite men."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/mount-etna/": {"t": "Mount Etna", "s": "Active stratovolcano on Sicily's east coast, among Europe's tallest."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/realism-arts/": {"t": "Realism (arts)", "s": "Truthful representation in art, from the mundane to the sublime."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux/": {"t": "Bordeaux", "s": "Port city and world capital of wine in southwestern France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux.webp", "c": "David.J Janssen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/francis-galton/": {"t": "Francis Galton", "s": "English polymath who originated eugenics and pioneered statistical analysis of human traits."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/nicolas-poussin/": {"t": "Nicolas Poussin", "s": "Leading painter of the classical French Baroque style", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/nicolas-poussin.webp", "c": "Nicolas Poussin · via Wikipedia: Nicolas Poussin · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/peter-paul-rubens/": {"t": "Peter Paul Rubens", "s": "Flemish artist and diplomat, the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/peter-paul-rubens.webp", "c": "Peter Paul Rubens · via Wikipedia: Peter Paul Rubens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-archers/e/olympic-archers/cyrus-edwin-dallin/": {"t": "Cyrus Edwin Dallin", "s": "Sculptor, painter, and Olympic bronze medalist in archery."}, "https://codexery.com/people-from-american-folklore/e/people-from-american-folklore/buffalo-bill/": {"t": "Buffalo Bill", "s": "American soldier, bison hunter, and showman of the Old West.", "i": "https://codexery.com/people-from-american-folklore/img/people-from-american-folklore/buffalo-bill.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Buffalo Bill · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/first-person-narrative/": {"t": "First-person narrative", "s": "Storytelling from the narrator's own point of view using \"I\"."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/expressionism/": {"t": "Expressionism", "s": "A modernist movement emphasizing subjective emotional experience over physical reality."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/self-portrait/": {"t": "Self-portrait", "s": "Artists depict themselves from antiquity to the present."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bremen/": {"t": "Bremen", "s": "A historic Hanseatic port city and cultural hub of Northern Germany."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/rainer-maria-rilke/": {"t": "Rainer Maria Rilke", "s": "Austrian poet known for Duino Elegies and Sonnets to Orpheus"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/auguste-rodin/": {"t": "Auguste Rodin", "s": "French sculptor considered founder of modern sculpture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/paul-c-zanne/": {"t": "Paul Cézanne", "s": "French Post-Impressionist painter who bridged Impressionism and Cubism", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/paul-c-zanne.webp", "c": "Unknown; Cézanne was born in 1839 and died in 1906 · via Wikipedia: Paul Cézanne · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/paul-gauguin/": {"t": "Paul Gauguin", "s": "French Post-Impressionist known for vivid color and Synthetist style.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/paul-gauguin.webp", "c": "Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel · via Wikipedia: Paul Gauguin · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/artemisia-gentileschi/": {"t": "Artemisia Gentileschi", "s": "Italian Baroque painter and first woman in Florence's Accademia delle Arti del Disegno."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/fauvism/": {"t": "Fauvism", "s": "A French art movement known for bold color and expressive brushwork."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/post-impressionism/": {"t": "Post-Impressionism", "s": "A French art movement reacting against Impressionism, emphasizing abstract qualities and symbolic content."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/vincent-van-gogh/": {"t": "Vincent van Gogh", "s": "The tortured genius who changed art forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/vincent-van-gogh.webp", "c": "Vincent van Gogh · via Wikipedia: Vincent van Gogh · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/photography/": {"t": "Photography", "s": "Drawing with light: capturing images through chemical or electronic means."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/cannabis-drug/": {"t": "Cannabis (drug)", "s": "A psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant, used for millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/cannabis-drug.webp", "c": "RoodyAlien · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/helmut-newton/": {"t": "Helmut Newton", "s": "German-Australian photographer known for provocative, erotically charged black-and-white fashion photography.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/photographers/helmut-newton.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Helmut Newton · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/transgender/": {"t": "Transgender", "s": "A person whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth; an umbrella term that gained its modern meaning in the 1990s.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/img/sexual-practices-and-identities/transgender.webp", "c": "SVG file Dlloyd based on Monica Helms design · via Wikipedia: Transgender · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/angel-records-artists/e/angel-records-artists/frank-zappa/": {"t": "Frank Zappa", "s": "Innovative composer and guitarist known for eclectic, satirical music."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/bertolt-brecht/": {"t": "Bertolt Brecht", "s": "German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/bertolt-brecht.webp", "c": "Kolbe, Jörg · via Wikipedia: Bertolt Brecht · CC BY-SA 3.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-records-artists/e/apollo-records-artists/screamin-jay-hawkins/": {"t": "Screamin' Jay Hawkins", "s": "Shock rock pioneer known for \"I Put a Spell on You.\""}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/yoko-ono/": {"t": "Yoko Ono", "s": "Japanese retired artist, musician, and peace activist", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/yoko-ono.webp", "c": "Gregor Tatschl from Österreich · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/charly-records-artists/e/charly-records-artists/nina-simone/": {"t": "Nina Simone", "s": "High Priestess of Soul and civil rights activist."}, "https://codexery.com/angel-records-artists/e/angel-records-artists/charles-aznavour/": {"t": "Charles Aznavour", "s": "French-Armenian singer-songwriter and diplomat."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/oxycodone/": {"t": "Oxycodone", "s": "A semi-synthetic opioid for moderate to severe pain, available in immediate-release and controlled-release forms."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-cartier-bresson/": {"t": "Henri Cartier-Bresson", "s": "Master of the decisive moment", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-cartier-bresson.webp", "c": "Corbelle EYG · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/collodion-process/": {"t": "Collodion process", "s": "A wet-plate photographic process producing sharp, reproducible negatives on glass."}, "https://codexery.com/dog-breeds/e/dog-breeds/greyhound/": {"t": "Greyhound", "s": "Ancient sighthound bred for speed and sight hunting."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-united-states/": {"t": "Southern United States", "s": "The Southern United States: a diverse region defined by history, culture, and climate, from the Atlantic to the Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/stereotype/": {"t": "Stereotype", "s": "A generalized belief about a category of people."}, "https://codexery.com/muscular-dystrophy/e/muscular-dystrophy/muscular-dystrophy/": {"t": "Muscular dystrophy", "s": "A group of genetic disorders causing progressive muscle weakness."}, "/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/nan-goldin/": {"t": "Nan Goldin", "s": "Snapshot chronicler of intimacy, loss, and queer resilience."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/cy-twombly/": {"t": "Cy Twombly", "s": "American painter, sculptor, and photographer known for large-scale, scribbled, calligraphic works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/cy-twombly.webp", "c": "Cy Twombly · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dance-pioneers/e/dance-pioneers/bill-t-jones/": {"t": "Bill T. Jones", "s": "American choreographer and co-founder of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/walt-whitman/": {"t": "Walt Whitman", "s": "American poet, author of Leaves of Grass, wrote poems on Abraham Lincoln's death.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/walt-whitman.webp", "c": "George Collins Cox / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Walt Whitman · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/edward-weston/": {"t": "Edward Weston", "s": "American photographer known for sharp-focus images of the American West.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/photographers/edward-weston.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edward Weston · see source"}, "/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/lewis-hine/": {"t": "Lewis Hine", "s": "Sociologist and photographer who exposed child labor conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/abstract-art/": {"t": "Abstract art", "s": "Art independent of visual references in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/ansel-adams/": {"t": "Ansel Adams", "s": "American landscape photographer and environmentalist of the American West.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/photographers/ansel-adams.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ansel Adams · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/silent-film/": {"t": "Silent film", "s": "Silent films conveyed narrative and emotion visually, with live musical accompaniment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/silent-film.webp", "c": "Illuminating Company (Cleveland, Ohio) Publicity Department · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/new-york-university/": {"t": "New York University", "s": "A private research university in New York City, founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/new-york-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: State University of New York · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stage-screen-veterans/e/stage-and-screen-veterans/maureen-stapleton/": {"t": "Maureen Stapleton", "s": "American actress who won Oscar, Emmy, and two Tony Awards."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/popular-culture/": {"t": "Popular culture", "s": "Dominant practices and beliefs of a society at a given time."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/bamako/": {"t": "Bamako", "s": "Capital of Mali, historic trade centre on the Niger River."}, "https://codexery.com/global-pop-folk-legends/e/global-pop-and-folk-legends/salif-keita/": {"t": "Salif Keita", "s": "Malian singer-songwriter and member of the Keita royal family."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/french-sudan/": {"t": "French Sudan", "s": "French colonial territory that became the independent Republic of Mali."}, "/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/paul-strand/": {"t": "Paul Strand", "s": "Modernist photographer and filmmaker who helped establish photography as an art form."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/mexico-city-metropolitan-cathedral/": {"t": "Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral", "s": "Cathedral built over 250 years on a former Aztec sacred precinct."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/mexican-revolution/": {"t": "Mexican Revolution", "s": "A decade-long civil war that reshaped Mexican government and society."}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/tina-modotti/": {"t": "Tina Modotti", "s": "Italian-American photographer, model, actor, and revolutionary activist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/photographers/tina-modotti.webp", "c": "User:Franco Del Zotto · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/luis-bu-uel/": {"t": "Luis Buñuel", "s": "Spanish-Mexican filmmaker known for surrealist and satirical cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-forbidden-city/": {"t": "The Forbidden City", "s": "Imperial palace complex in Beijing, China."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/octavio-paz/": {"t": "Octavio Paz", "s": "Octavio Paz Lozano was a Mexican poet, essayist, and cultural critic whose work explores themes of Mexican identity, language, and solitude."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/latin-america/": {"t": "Latin America", "s": "The cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/latin-america.webp", "c": "Henrykez · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/cubism/": {"t": "Cubism", "s": "Avant-garde movement that revolutionized visual art through multiple perspectives."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/hokusai/": {"t": "Hokusai", "s": "Japanese ukiyo-e master of the Edo period, creator of The Great Wave off Kanagawa."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/virginia-woolf/": {"t": "Virginia Woolf", "s": "English modernist writer, feminist essayist."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/john-herschel/": {"t": "John Herschel", "s": "English polymath who invented the blueprint and advanced astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/marie-antoinette/": {"t": "Marie Antoinette", "s": "Queen of France, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, executed during the French Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/img/monarchs-and-nobility/marie-antoinette.webp", "c": "Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun · via Wikipedia: Marie Antoinette · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xvi/": {"t": "Louis XVI", "s": "Last king of France before the fall of the monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "Cape of Good Hope", "s": "Rocky headland on the Cape Peninsula, key to the Cape Route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/women-writers-of-the-20th-century/e/women-writers-of-the-20th-century/daphne-du-maurier/": {"t": "Daphne du Maurier", "s": "English novelist known for Gothic tales and film adaptations."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/kent/": {"t": "Kent", "s": "The Garden of England"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tamils/": {"t": "Tamils", "s": "Dravidian ethnic group with over two millennia of written history."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/hyderabad-state/": {"t": "Hyderabad State", "s": "A princely state ruled by the Nizam from 1724 to 1948.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/hyderabad-state.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hyderabad State · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/meerut/": {"t": "Meerut", "s": "Meerut is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, serving as the administrative headquarters of Meerut district."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii/": {"t": "Edward VII", "s": "King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 1901 to 1910.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii.webp", "c": "Author (artist) unknown (work was published in 1888) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/mothers-of-emperors/e/mothers-of-emperors/mary-of-teck/": {"t": "Mary of Teck", "s": "Queen consort of George V and mother of two kings."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/romanticism/": {"t": "Romanticism", "s": "Movement valuing emotion, imagination, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/javanese-people/": {"t": "Javanese people", "s": "Largest ethnic group in Indonesia and Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/bogor/": {"t": "Bogor", "s": "Historical capital of Sunda Kingdom and Dutch colonial summer residence."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/algiers/": {"t": "Algiers", "s": "Capital of Algeria, historic Mediterranean port and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/paris-colonial-exposition/": {"t": "Paris Colonial Exposition", "s": "A six-month showcase of France's colonial empire in 1931."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-inventions/e/indonesian-inventions/batik/": {"t": "Batik", "s": "Wax-resist dyeing technique with ancient roots and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-inventions/img/indonesian-inventions/batik.webp", "c": "Fpangestuphotographer · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/dieng-plateau/": {"t": "Dieng Plateau", "s": "A highland sacred center of ancient Javanese Hindu worship.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/dieng-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dieng Plateau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/insurgents-and-guerrilla-leaders/e/insurgents-and-guerrilla-leaders/antonio-luna/": {"t": "Antonio Luna", "s": "Fierce Filipino general and pharmacist who organized guerrilla fighters and designed the Luna Defense Line."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/philippine-revolution/": {"t": "Philippine Revolution", "s": "War of independence against Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/miguel-l-pez-de-legazpi/": {"t": "Miguel López de Legazpi", "s": "Spanish conquistador who founded the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/e/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/conquistador/": {"t": "Conquistador", "s": "Spanish and Portuguese explorers who conquered and colonized the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/impressionism/": {"t": "Impressionism", "s": "A 19th-century French art movement emphasizing light and ordinary subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/textiles-in-folklore/e/textiles-in-folklore/minerva/": {"t": "Minerva", "s": "Roman goddess of wisdom, war, crafts, and the Capitoline Triad."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/karl-marx/": {"t": "Karl Marx", "s": "German philosopher and revolutionary socialist who developed Marxism."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-american-war/e/philippine-american-war/katipunan/": {"t": "Katipunan", "s": "Secret society that launched the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-american-war/e/philippine-american-war/first-philippine-republic/": {"t": "First Philippine Republic", "s": "Unrecognized republic established during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philippine-american-war/img/philippine-american-war/first-philippine-republic.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: First Philippine Republic · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiac-arrest/": {"t": "Cardiac arrest", "s": "Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart function."}}