[{"n": "John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/john-dalberg-acton-1st-baron-acton/", "s": "English Catholic historian, Liberal politician, and writer known for his maxim on the corruption of power."}, {"n": "John Fiske (philosopher)", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/john-fiske-philosopher/", "s": "American philosopher and historian influenced by Herbert Spencer."}, {"n": "Joseph Déjacque", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/joseph-d-jacque/", "s": "French anarchist poet who coined 'libertarian' and founded Le Libertaire."}, {"n": "Joseph de Maistre", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/joseph-de-maistre/", "s": "Savoyard philosopher and forefather of modern conservatism."}, {"n": "José Ortega y Gasset", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/jos-ortega-y-gasset/", "s": "Spanish philosopher known for 'I am me and my circumstance.'"}, {"n": "Judith Butler", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/judith-butler/", "s": "American philosopher who developed the theory of gender performativity."}, {"n": "Karl Kautsky", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/karl-kautsky/", "s": "Orthodox Marxist theorist and leading figure of the SPD."}, {"n": "Karl Mannheim", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/karl-mannheim/", "s": "Hungarian sociologist and seminal figure in the study of generations."}, {"n": "Kate Millett", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/kate-millett/", "s": "American feminist writer and activist, author of Sexual Politics."}, {"n": "Kwame Anthony Appiah", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/kwame-anthony-appiah/", "s": "Philosopher who wrote about liberal neutrality and Carl Schmitt in 2023."}, {"n": "Leo Strauss", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/leo-strauss/", "s": "German-American political philosopher who revived classical political thought."}, {"n": "Leonard Peikoff", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/leonard-peikoff/", "s": "Objectivist philosopher and heir to Ayn Rand's estate."}, {"n": "Lester Frank Ward", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/lester-frank-ward/", "s": "First president of the American Sociological Association and pioneer of American sociology."}, {"n": "Louis Althusser", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/louis-althusser/", "s": "French Marxist philosopher and structural thinker."}, {"n": "Lysander Spooner", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/lysander-spooner/", "s": "Abolitionist, individualist anarchist, and challenger of government monopolies."}, {"n": "Manuel Castells", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/manuel-castells/", "s": "Spanish sociologist and scholar of the information society."}, {"n": "Mario Tronti", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/mario-tronti/", "s": "Italian Marxist philosopher and key theorist of operaismo."}, {"n": "Mark Fisher", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/mark-fisher/", "s": "English writer and theorist who coined capitalist realism."}, {"n": "Max Stirner", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/max-stirner/", "s": "German philosopher and forerunner of individualist anarchism and egoism."}, {"n": "Max Weber", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/max-weber/", "s": "German sociologist and key theorist of rationalisation and authority."}, {"n": "Michel Aflaq", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/michel-aflaq/", "s": "Syrian intellectual and principal founder of Ba'athist thought."}, {"n": "Michel Onfray", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/michel-onfray/", "s": "French hedonist philosopher and prolific author of over 100 books."}, {"n": "Miguel de Unamuno", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/miguel-de-unamuno/", "s": "Spanish essayist, novelist, and philosopher of modernist literature."}, {"n": "Monique Wittig", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/monique-wittig/", "s": "French author, philosopher, and feminist theorist who coined 'heterosexual contract' and wrote The Straight Mi"}, {"n": "Montesquieu", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/montesquieu/", "s": "French jurist, historian, and political philosopher who pioneered the separation of powers."}, {"n": "Murray Bookchin", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/murray-bookchin/", "s": "American social theorist who developed social ecology and communalism."}, {"n": "Niall Ferguson", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/niall-ferguson/", "s": "Historian, author, and conservative commentator knighted in 2024 for services to literature."}, {"n": "Nicholas Christakis", "u": "/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/nicholas-christakis/", "s": "Sociologist and physician known for work on social networks."}]