Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Indian nationalist and self-rule activist; advocate of Swaraj.
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Born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak on 23 July 1856, he was a figure in the Indian independence movement who advocated for self-rule.[1][2] Supporters bestowed upon him the title "Lokmanya", and he was part of the Lal Bal Pal trio.[3] After earning a B.A. in Mathematics from Deccan College in 1877, he later taught mathematics at a private school in Pune.[4]
Key facts and history
Tilak was born on 23 July 1856 in Ratnagiri district of the Bombay Presidency into a Marathi Hindu Chitpavan Brahmin family.[2][5] He co-founded the New English School in 1880 with college friends including Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, aiming to improve education for India's youth.[6] The success of that school led to the Deccan Education Society in 1884, which established Fergusson College in 1885.[6] He started two weeklies, Kesari in Marathi and Mahratta in English, in 1880–1881 with Agarkar as first editor.[7]
On three separate occasions—1897, 1909, and 1916—the British India Government prosecuted Tilak for sedition.[8][9]
What the research sources say
The Hindustan Times account notes that Tilak was tried on three occasions by the Bombay High Court for inflammatory speeches and sedition.[9] In his first trial in 1897, Tilak was charged with writing inflammatory articles in Kesari during the bubonic plague epidemic in Poona.[9] The India Today article describes Tilak as the first national leader who envisioned the formation of linguistic states.[5] The Hindu archive reports that Tilak spoke in London in 1919 on Indian Constitutional Reform, taking his stand on the policy announcement of August 20, 1917.[10]
References
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Bal Gangadhar Tilak birth anniversary", India Today, 23 July 2021; "Bal Gangadhar Tilak Birth Anniversary: Inspiring Quotes by the Freedom Fighter", News18, 23 July 2021 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bhagwat Pradhan 2015, p. 11–; Pati 2007 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ashalatha Koropath Nambarathil 2009, p. 72; Tahmankar 1956, p. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Inamdar 1983, p. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Bal Gangadhar Tilak birth anniversary", India Today, 23 July 2021. facts only, no text reused. indiatoday.in
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Karve 1961, p. 206–207 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Britannica 1997, p. 772 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Bal Gangadhar Tilak" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "FIRST TILAK TRIAL – 1897", Bombay High Court; "SECOND TILAK TRIAL – 1909", Bombay High Court; "THIRD TILAK TRIAL – 1916", Bombay High Court; Kamra, "Law and Radical Rhetoric in British India: The 1897 Trial of Bal Gangadhar Tilak", South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 2016, p. 546–559; Watve, "Sri Narasimha Chintaman "alias" Tatyasaheb Kelkar", Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1947, p. 157; "Jinnah, Tilak and Indian independence movement", DAWN.COM, 17 March 2010; "Where Jinnah defended Tilak", Hindustan en.wikipedia.org
- "Where Jinnah defended Tilak", Hindustan Times, 3 March 2010. facts only, no text reused. hindustantimes.com
- "From the Archives (May 10, 1919): Mr. Tilak and the Indian Situation.", The Hindu, 10 May 2019. facts only, no text reused. thehindu.com
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Bal Gangadhar Tilak (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Bal Gangadhar Tilak (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Word definitions: the Codexery glossary, each quoted from its Wikipedia article.
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