{"https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/south-pole/": {"t": "South Pole", "s": "Southernmost point on Earth, marked by shifting ice and historic expeditions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/ferdinand-von-zeppelin/": {"t": "Ferdinand von Zeppelin", "s": "German general and inventor of the rigid airship.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/img/inventors-of-everyday-objects/ferdinand-von-zeppelin.webp", "c": "Bernhard Pankok · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-jules-verne/e/novels-by-jules-verne/five-weeks-in-a-balloon/": {"t": "Five Weeks in a Balloon", "s": "Adventure novel about a balloon voyage across unexplored Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/science-fiction/": {"t": "Science fiction", "s": "Genre of speculative fiction about advanced technology and its consequences."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/genetic-engineering/": {"t": "Genetic engineering", "s": "Direct manipulation of an organism's genes using technology."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/economics/": {"t": "Economics", "s": "Social science studying production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/img/economic-concepts/economics.webp", "c": "Pk0001 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/stock-market/": {"t": "Stock market", "s": "A marketplace for buying and selling ownership shares in businesses."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/political-correctness/": {"t": "Political correctness", "s": "Term for language avoiding offense, often used pejoratively."}, "https://codexery.com/paranormal/e/paranormal/paranormal/": {"t": "Paranormal", "s": "Phenomena described as beyond normal scientific understanding."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/gazeta-wyborcza/": {"t": "Gazeta Wyborcza", "s": "Nie ma wolności bez Solidarności"}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/totalitarianism/": {"t": "Totalitarianism", "s": "A political system that completely controls public and private life through ideology, repression, and state terror."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/helios/": {"t": "Helios", "s": "Greek god personifying the Sun, guardian of oaths and sight."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/czech-language/": {"t": "Czech language", "s": "A West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, official in the Czech Republic, with a rich morphology and a raised alveolar trill."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jules-verne/": {"t": "Jules Verne", "s": "French novelist, poet, and playwright; creator of the Voyages extraordinaires."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-jules-verne/e/novels-by-jules-verne/the-mysterious-island/": {"t": "The Mysterious Island", "s": "A castaway survival novel with a mysterious benefactor."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/e/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/comoro-islands/": {"t": "Comoro Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago in the Mozambique Channel, partly independent, partly French."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/wormhole/": {"t": "Wormhole", "s": "Hypothetical tunnel connecting distant points in spacetime."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/gnosticism/": {"t": "Gnosticism", "s": "A diverse collection of ancient religious and philosophical systems emphasizing personal spiritual knowledge (gnosis) over institutional authority."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/human-evolution/": {"t": "Human evolution", "s": "Human evolution is a weblike process studied across multiple scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/other-philosophy/": {"t": "Other (philosophy)", "s": "The Other defines the self through difference and encounter."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/e/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/first-contact-science-fiction/": {"t": "First contact (science fiction)", "s": "Science fiction theme of first meeting between different sapient species."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-stanis-aw-lem/e/novels-by-stanis-aw-lem/fiasco-novel/": {"t": "Fiasco (novel)", "s": "A novel about failed first contact with alien civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/arkady-and-boris-strugatsky/": {"t": "Arkady and Boris Strugatsky", "s": "Soviet and Russian science-fiction co-authors of social and philosophical fiction."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-arkady-and-boris-strugatsky/e/novels-by-arkady-and-boris-strugatsky/roadside-picnic/": {"t": "Roadside Picnic", "s": "A philosophical sci-fi novel about alien artifacts and human greed."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/polish-language/": {"t": "Polish language", "s": "A West Slavic language with a rich literary tradition and over 39.7 million native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/adolescence/": {"t": "Adolescence", "s": "Transitional stage from puberty to adulthood."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/antagonist/": {"t": "Antagonist", "s": "Character positioned as the main enemy or rival of the protagonist."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-tunguska-event/": {"t": "The Tunguska event", "s": "Largest recorded impact event in history, flattening Siberian forest."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/tsar/": {"t": "Tsar", "s": "Slavic imperial title derived from Latin caesar, used in Bulgaria, Serbia, Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/irkutsk/": {"t": "Irkutsk", "s": "The Paris of Siberia"}, "/e/polish-science-fiction-novels/perfect-imperfection-novel/": {"t": "Perfect Imperfection (novel)", "s": "A resurrected astronaut navigates a post-singularity world of posthumans."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/steampunk/": {"t": "Steampunk", "s": "A retro-futuristic subgenre blending Victorian aesthetics with steam-powered technology."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/speculative-fiction/": {"t": "Speculative fiction", "s": "Umbrella genre for fiction beyond everyday reality."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-mongol-conquests/": {"t": "The Mongol Conquests", "s": "Mongol conquests created the largest contiguous empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/e/persian-and-central-asian-poets/czes-aw-mi-osz/": {"t": "Czesław Miłosz", "s": "Polish-American poet and Nobel laureate who voiced man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/dystopia/": {"t": "Dystopia", "s": "Imagined society where life is wretched, dehumanized, and fearful."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/credit-card/": {"t": "Credit card", "s": "A payment card that allows users to purchase goods and services or withdraw cash on credit, accruing debt that must be repaid later."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/currency/": {"t": "Currency", "s": "A standardized medium of exchange, from cowry shells to digital balances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/img/economic-concepts/currency.webp", "c": "Kavali Chandrakanth KCK · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/slavic-mythology-in-popular-culture/e/slavic-mythology-in-popular-culture/the-witcher/": {"t": "The Witcher", "s": "Polish fantasy series about monster hunter Geralt of Rivia."}, "https://codexery.com/soldier/e/soldier/super-soldiers/": {"t": "Super soldiers", "s": "Enhanced soldiers through science, technology, and fiction."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/fairy-tale/": {"t": "Fairy tale", "s": "A short folklore story featuring magic and mythical beings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/img/narrative-techniques-and-genres/fairy-tale.webp", "c": "Tchamnarodrigue · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-japan/": {"t": "Culture of Japan", "s": "Japanese culture blends ancient traditions with global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/img/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-japan.webp", "c": "U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class David S. Calcote · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/hungarian-language/": {"t": "Hungarian language", "s": "A Ugric language of the Uralic family, spoken by 14 million people."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/first-person-narrative/": {"t": "First-person narrative", "s": "Storytelling from the narrator's own point of view using \"I\"."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/incest/": {"t": "Incest", "s": "Sexual relations between close relatives, widely taboo across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w/": {"t": "Kraków", "s": "Historic royal capital and UNESCO World Heritage city in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/electric-eel/": {"t": "Electric eel", "s": "Neotropical freshwater fish that generate powerful electric shocks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/electric-eel.webp", "c": "Steven G. Johnson · via Wikipedia: Electric eel · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-inventions/e/iranian-inventions/crucifixion/": {"t": "Crucifixion", "s": "Ancient method of execution used in Persia, Carthage, and Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/h-g-wells/": {"t": "H. G. Wells", "s": "English writer and prophetic social critic."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cannes-film-festival/": {"t": "Cannes Film Festival", "s": "The most prestigious film festival in the world, held annually in Cannes, France."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/afrofuturism/": {"t": "Afrofuturism", "s": "A cultural aesthetic exploring Black futures through technology and speculation."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/psychoactive-drug/": {"t": "Psychoactive drug", "s": "Substances that alter brain function and consciousness across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-stanis-aw-lem/e/novels-by-stanis-aw-lem/solaris-novel/": {"t": "Solaris (novel)", "s": "A novel about the futility of communicating with an alien ocean."}, "/e/polish-science-fiction-novels/zaziemskie-wiaty/": {"t": "Zaziemskie światy", "s": "A Polish novel of interplanetary flight and spiritual critique."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ecuador/": {"t": "Ecuador", "s": "A megadiverse nation straddling the equator, from the Andes to the Galápagos."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/space-exploration-novels/e/space-exploration-novels/around-the-moon/": {"t": "Around the Moon", "s": "Sequel to Verne's lunar voyage, continuing the trip to the Moon."}, "/e/polish-science-fiction-novels/balonem-do-bieguna/": {"t": "Balonem do bieguna", "s": "A pioneering Polish science fiction novel about a South Pole balloon expedition."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/airship/": {"t": "Airship", "s": "First powered, controlled aircraft; declined after high-profile accidents.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/airship.webp", "c": "Self Scanned · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/post-apocalyptic-television-series/e/post-apocalyptic-television-series/into-the-night-tv-series/": {"t": "Into the Night (TV series)", "s": "A hijacked plane flees the deadly sunlight."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-film-series/e/science-fiction-film-series/transformers-film-series/": {"t": "Transformers (film series)", "s": "A series of science fiction action films based on the Transformers franchise."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/multimedia/": {"t": "Multimedia", "s": "Combining text, audio, images, video, and animation into interactive presentations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/multimedia.webp", "c": "Caspter · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/metaphysics/": {"t": "Metaphysics", "s": "Study of the most fundamental structure of reality."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/georg-wilhelm-friedrich-hegel/": {"t": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "s": "German philosopher and major figure in German idealism"}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-library-of-alexandria/": {"t": "The Library of Alexandria", "s": "Ancient world's largest library, center of Hellenistic learning."}, "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/e/european-literary-masters/witold-gombrowicz/": {"t": "Witold Gombrowicz", "s": "Polish writer known for psychological paradox and absurdist critique."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/henryk-sienkiewicz/": {"t": "Henryk Sienkiewicz", "s": "Polish epic writer and Nobel laureate known for historical novels."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/joseph-conrad/": {"t": "Joseph Conrad", "s": "Polish-British novelist who mastered English prose."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/ursula-k-le-guin/": {"t": "Ursula K. Le Guin", "s": "American author of speculative fiction and fantasy."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-ursula-k-le-guin/e/novels-by-ursula-k-le-guin/the-left-hand-of-darkness/": {"t": "The Left Hand of Darkness", "s": "A landmark novel exploring gender and society on the planet Gethen."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-orwell/": {"t": "George Orwell", "s": "English writer known for his critiques of totalitarianism and social injustice."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/e/literary-novels-and-classics/nineteen-eighty-four/": {"t": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "s": "A dystopian novel exploring totalitarianism and mass surveillance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/img/literary-novels-and-classics/nineteen-eighty-four.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nineteen Eighty-Four · see source"}, "/e/polish-science-fiction-novels/extensa/": {"t": "Extensa", "s": "A post-singularity novel about choosing between humanity and transhumanism."}, "/e/polish-science-fiction-novels/other-songs-novel/": {"t": "Other Songs (novel)", "s": "A world ruled by Aristotelian metaphysics instead of physics."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hallucination/": {"t": "Hallucination", "s": "A perception in the absence of an external stimulus, with the compelling sense of reality."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/nanotechnology/": {"t": "Nanotechnology", "s": "Manipulating matter at the nanoscale for new materials and devices."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-spacetime/e/relativity-and-spacetime/spacetime/": {"t": "Spacetime", "s": "A four-dimensional continuum fusing space and time."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/arms-race/": {"t": "Arms race", "s": "A competition between states for superior armed forces.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/img/warfare-and-military-history/arms-race.webp", "c": "Amitchell125 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/anthropic-principle/": {"t": "Anthropic principle", "s": "Observable universe must allow observers to exist."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/space-opera/": {"t": "Space opera", "s": "Epic outer space adventures with faster-than-light travel."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/grotesque/": {"t": "Grotesque", "s": "A term for distorted forms evoking bizarreness and pity."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/supernatural/": {"t": "Supernatural", "s": "Concept of phenomena beyond the laws of nature."}, "https://codexery.com/uav-manufacturers/e/uav-manufacturers/yakovlev/": {"t": "Yakovlev", "s": "Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer of Yak series.", "i": "https://codexery.com/uav-manufacturers/img/uav-manufacturers/yakovlev.webp", "c": "Peer.Gynt · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-lyra/e/stars-of-lyra/vega/": {"t": "Vega", "s": "Bright northern star, former pole star, surrounded by a dust disk."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/anthropomorphism/": {"t": "Anthropomorphism", "s": "Attributing human traits to non-human entities."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/nuclear-power/": {"t": "Nuclear power", "s": "Nuclear reactions produce electricity via fission, decay, or fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/robert-a-heinlein/": {"t": "Robert A. Heinlein", "s": "American science fiction author, engineer, and naval officer."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-robert-a-heinlein/e/novels-by-robert-a-heinlein/have-space-suit-will-travel/": {"t": "Have Space Suit—Will Travel", "s": "A high school senior wins a used space suit and is kidnapped by aliens."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lewis-carroll/": {"t": "Lewis Carroll", "s": "English author, poet, mathematician, photographer, and Anglican deacon known for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and literary nonsense."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edgar-allan-poe/": {"t": "Edgar Allan Poe", "s": "Master of the macabre and pioneer of detective fiction"}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/e/auteur-directors/tim-burton/": {"t": "Tim Burton", "s": "American filmmaker known for gothic fantasy and dark whimsy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/img/auteur-directors/tim-burton.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tim Burton · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/ant/": {"t": "Ant", "s": "Eusocial insects of the family Formicidae, found worldwide except Antarctica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/img/invertebrates/ant.webp", "c": "Brocken Inaglory · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/bildungsroman/": {"t": "Bildungsroman", "s": "A literary genre of psychological and moral coming-of-age."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/terrorism/": {"t": "Terrorism", "s": "Violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-poland/": {"t": "Culture of Poland", "s": "Polish culture blends West Slavic roots with European influences.", "i": "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/img/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-poland.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/ural-mountains/": {"t": "Ural Mountains", "s": "Mountain range listed in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt."}, "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/e/military-conflicts-and-wars/first-chechen-war/": {"t": "First Chechen War", "s": "The conflict resulted in massive civilian casualties and displacement, and it highlighted the fragility of post-Soviet federal relations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/img/military-conflicts-and-wars/first-chechen-war.webp", "c": "Metallist-99 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/great-man-theory/": {"t": "Great man theory", "s": "History as the biography of great men"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/september-11-attacks/": {"t": "September 11 attacks", "s": "Coordinated al-Qaeda suicide hijackings killed nearly 3,000 people."}, "/e/polish-science-fiction-novels/na-drug-planet/": {"t": "Na drugą planetę", "s": "Early Polish SF novel about contacting Mars via light signals."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/atlantis/": {"t": "Atlantis", "s": "Plato's fictional island allegory"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/asceticism/": {"t": "Asceticism", "s": "Lifestyle of abstinence from worldly pleasures for spiritual goals."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/socialist-realism/": {"t": "Socialist realism", "s": "Official Soviet art doctrine depicting reality in revolutionary development."}}