{"https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore/": {"t": "Rabindranath Tagore", "s": "The Bard of Bengal", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore.webp", "c": "Georges Chevalier · via Wikipedia: Rabindranath Tagore · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-donne/": {"t": "John Donne", "s": "Metaphysical poet and Dean of St Paul's"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/petrarch/": {"t": "Petrarch", "s": "Italian scholar and poet, father of Renaissance humanism"}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/religious-conversion/": {"t": "Religious conversion", "s": "The adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/holy-orders/": {"t": "Holy orders", "s": "Ordained ministries of bishop, priest, and deacon in Christian churches."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/benjamin-britten/": {"t": "Benjamin Britten", "s": "English composer, conductor, and pianist (1913–1976)"}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/tenor/": {"t": "Tenor", "s": "The highest male chest-voice type, bridging countertenor and baritone."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/e/modernist-and-20th-century-poets/w-h-auden/": {"t": "W. H. Auden", "s": "British-American poet noted for stylistic and technical achievement across political, moral, love, and religious themes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/img/modernist-and-20th-century-poets/w-h-auden.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: W. H. Auden · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-marfan-syndrome/e/people-with-marfan-syndrome/john-tavener/": {"t": "John Tavener", "s": "English composer of choral religious works, known for The Protecting Veil."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/french-horn/": {"t": "French horn", "s": "The orchestral horn is a coiled brass instrument with rotary valves."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/trombone/": {"t": "Trombone", "s": "A brass instrument with a slide, used in orchestras and bands."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/bass-trombone/": {"t": "Bass trombone", "s": "The bass trombone is the lowest member of the trombone family."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/timpani/": {"t": "Timpani", "s": "Pedal-tuned kettledrums central to orchestral percussion."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/trinity-nuclear-test/": {"t": "Trinity (nuclear test)", "s": "First nuclear weapon detonation, July 16, 1945, New Mexico desert."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jack-kerouac/": {"t": "Jack Kerouac", "s": "Beat Generation pioneer and master of spontaneous prose"}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/homosexuality/": {"t": "Homosexuality", "s": "A natural variation in human sexuality, documented across history and species."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/schizophrenia/": {"t": "Schizophrenia", "s": "A chronic mental disorder with psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/schizophrenia.webp", "c": "cometstarmoon · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-inventions/e/portuguese-inventions/lobotomy/": {"t": "Lobotomy", "s": "Discredited brain surgery that severed prefrontal cortex connections.", "i": "https://codexery.com/portuguese-inventions/img/portuguese-inventions/lobotomy.webp", "c": "Bjoertvedt · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/hank-williams/": {"t": "Hank Williams", "s": "Pioneer of country music and iconic songwriter", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/hank-williams.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Williams · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/avant-garde/": {"t": "Avant-garde", "s": "Experimental art challenging societal norms and artistic conventions."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/western-union/": {"t": "Western Union", "s": "From telegraph pioneer to global money transfer leader.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/western-union.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Western Union · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and/e/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mythology/moloch/": {"t": "Moloch", "s": "Biblical term linked to child sacrifice, later a cultural symbol."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/human-sacrifice/": {"t": "Human sacrifice", "s": "Ritual killing to appease gods or serve rulers."}, "https://codexery.com/puck/e/puck/rewards-and-fairies/": {"t": "Rewards and Fairies", "s": "Kipling's historical fantasy sequel featuring Puck and the children."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "Rudyard Kipling", "s": "English writer, Nobel laureate — best known for tales of empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Literary nonsense · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-the-british-empire/e/history-of-the-british-empire/jameson-raid/": {"t": "Jameson Raid", "s": "Botched 1895 raid that worsened Anglo-Boer tensions and preceded the Second Boer War."}, "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/e/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/south-african-republic/": {"t": "South African Republic", "s": "Independent Boer republic annexed after the Second Boer War."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war/": {"t": "Second Boer War", "s": "A colonial war over gold and British dominance in Southern Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/t-s-eliot/": {"t": "T. S. Eliot", "s": "Anglo-Catholic poet linked to the broader Catholic literary revival."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/bhagavad-gita/": {"t": "Bhagavad Gita", "s": "The Bhagavad Gita is a Hindu scripture, likely composed in the second or first century BCE, forming part of the epic Mahabharata.", "i": "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/img/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/bhagavad-gita.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bhagavad Gita · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/pledge-of-allegiance/": {"t": "Pledge of Allegiance", "s": "A recited pledge of loyalty to the U.S. flag and republic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/img/constitutional-and-rights-law/pledge-of-allegiance.webp", "c": "Dorothea Lange · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/pablo-neruda/": {"t": "Pablo Neruda", "s": "Chilean poet-diplomat and Nobel laureate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/pablo-neruda.webp", "c": "Unknown (Mondadori Publishers) · via Wikipedia: Pablo Neruda · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/reader-s-digest/": {"t": "Reader's Digest", "s": "Life well shared", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/reader-s-digest.webp", "c": "Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/song-forms/e/song-forms/canzone/": {"t": "Canzone", "s": "A strophic form central to Italian and Provençal lyric tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/avignon/": {"t": "Avignon", "s": "City of the Popes on the Rhône."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "https://codexery.com/aeneid/e/aeneid/aeneid/": {"t": "Aeneid", "s": "Virgil's epic of Aeneas, founder of the Roman people."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/troubadour/": {"t": "Troubadour", "s": "Composers and performers of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/geoffrey-chaucer/": {"t": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "s": "Father of English literature and poet of The Canterbury Tales"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-depictions-of-helen-of-troy/e/cultural-depictions-of-helen-of-troy/troilus-and-criseyde/": {"t": "Troilus and Criseyde", "s": "Chaucer's tragic courtly romance set during the Trojan War."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/henry-viii/": {"t": "Henry VIII", "s": "King of England (1509–1547) and Ireland (1542–1547), known for his six marriages and the English Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/the-trojan-war/": {"t": "The Trojan War", "s": "Legendary Greek war against Troy, central to Homeric epics."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-odyssey/": {"t": "The Odyssey", "s": "Ancient Greek epic of Odysseus's perilous homecoming journey."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-mycenaeans/": {"t": "The Mycenaeans", "s": "First advanced Greek civilization of the Bronze Age."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-mythological-heroes/e/greek-mythological-heroes/hector/": {"t": "Hector", "s": "Trojan prince and greatest warrior of Troy."}, "https://codexery.com/objects-in-greek-mythology/e/objects-in-greek-mythology/trojan-horse/": {"t": "Trojan Horse", "s": "A wooden horse used to infiltrate and capture Troy."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-theatre/e/ancient-greek-theatre/rhapsode/": {"t": "Rhapsode", "s": "Classical Greek performer of epic poetry, often itinerant."}, "https://codexery.com/military-history-battles/e/military-history-and-battles/ancient-warfare/": {"t": "Ancient warfare", "s": "Organized armies emerged from agricultural surplus and city-states."}, "https://codexery.com/mount-olympus/e/mount-olympus/twelve-olympians/": {"t": "Twelve Olympians", "s": "The principal deities of the Greek pantheon residing on Mount Olympus."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/ancient-greek-religion/": {"t": "Ancient Greek religion", "s": "Polytheistic system of beliefs, rituals, and mythology in ancient Greece.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/ancient-greek-religion.webp", "c": "dalovar · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/people-of-the-trojan-war/e/people-of-the-trojan-war/achaeans-homer/": {"t": "Achaeans (Homer)", "s": "One of Homer's primary names for the Greek forces at Troy."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/mycenae/": {"t": "Mycenae", "s": "Major centre of Mycenaean civilization in the second millennium BC."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/apollo/": {"t": "Apollo", "s": "God of light, healing, prophecy, music, poetry, and archery; twin brother of Artemis."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/odysseus/": {"t": "Odysseus", "s": "The cunning king of Ithaca, hero of Homer's Odyssey."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/punch-magazine/": {"t": "Punch (magazine)", "s": "The London Charivari", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/punch-magazine.webp", "c": "Frank Reynolds · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/remembrance-day/": {"t": "Remembrance Day", "s": "Indian national memorial day honouring partition victims on 14 August."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/conscription/": {"t": "Conscription", "s": "Compulsory enlistment in national service, enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/e/american-and-caribbean-leaders/robert-borden/": {"t": "Robert Borden", "s": "Eighth prime minister of Canada, who led the country through World War I.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/img/american-and-caribbean-leaders/robert-borden.webp", "c": "Dupras & Colas · via Wikipedia: Robert Borden · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/pacifism/": {"t": "Pacifism", "s": "Opposition to war or violence, coined in 1901."}, "https://codexery.com/electronic-experimental/e/electronic-and-experimental/charles-ives/": {"t": "Charles Ives", "s": "American modernist composer and pioneer of experimental music."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/opera-composers/john-philip-sousa/": {"t": "John Philip Sousa", "s": "American composer and conductor known as 'The March King'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/opera-composers/john-philip-sousa.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Philip Sousa · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-jerusalem-1099/": {"t": "Siege of Jerusalem (1099)", "s": "The siege of Jerusalem marked the successful end of the First Crusade."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/romanticism/": {"t": "Romanticism", "s": "Movement valuing emotion, imagination, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/e/classical-and-medieval-poets/ludovico-ariosto/": {"t": "Ludovico Ariosto", "s": "Poet of chivalric satire and the humanist smile", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/img/classical-and-medieval-poets/ludovico-ariosto.webp", "c": "Lungoleno · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/epic-poetry-and-myth/orlando-furioso/": {"t": "Orlando Furioso", "s": "An Italian epic of chivalry, madness, and love, continuing Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/alexios-i-komnenos/": {"t": "Alexios I Komnenos", "s": "Byzantine emperor who sparked the First Crusade."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum/": {"t": "Sultanate of Rum", "s": "Turco-Persian Sunni sultanate in Anatolia, founded after Manzikert.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum.webp", "c": "Swordrist · via Wikipedia: Sultanate of Rum · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/metamorphoses-into-animals-in-greek/e/metamorphoses-into-animals-in-greek-mythology/circe/": {"t": "Circe", "s": "Witch and goddess who transformed enemies into animals."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/temple-mount/": {"t": "Temple Mount", "s": "A contested holy site central to Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/temple-mount.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Temple Mount · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edmund-spenser/": {"t": "Edmund Spenser", "s": "English poet, author of The Faerie Queene", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/edmund-spenser.webp", "c": "English School / Unidentified painter · via Wikipedia: Edmund Spenser · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fictional-fairies/e/fictional-fairies/the-faerie-queene/": {"t": "The Faerie Queene", "s": "An allegorical epic poem by Edmund Spenser."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/sonnet/": {"t": "Sonnet", "s": "A fourteen-line poetic form originating in 13th-century Sicily."}, "https://codexery.com/sculpture/e/sculpture/elgin-marbles/": {"t": "Elgin Marbles", "s": "Ancient Greek sculptures from the Parthenon, now in the British Museum."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/phidias/": {"t": "Phidias", "s": "Ancient Greek sculptor of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-duos/e/mythological-duos/cupid-and-psyche/": {"t": "Cupid and Psyche", "s": "A tale of love, trials, and the soul's union with desire."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-theatre/e/ancient-greek-theatre/ode/": {"t": "Ode", "s": "A lyric poem of elaborate form, praising a subject."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-folklore/e/finnish-folklore/elias-l-nnrot/": {"t": "Elias Lönnrot", "s": "Compiler of the Finnish national epic, Kalevala, and pioneering lexicographer."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/grand-duchy-of-finland/": {"t": "Grand Duchy of Finland", "s": "Autonomous grand duchy that preceded modern Finland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/grand-duchy-of-finland.webp", "c": "Ориенталист · via Wikipedia: Grand Duchy of Finland · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/finnish-language/": {"t": "Finnish language", "s": "A Finnic language of the Uralic family, spoken by millions in Finland and diaspora communities."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-mythology/e/finnish-mythology/finnish-mythology/": {"t": "Finnish mythology", "s": "Pre-Christian Finnish folklore preserved through oral poetry and song."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/creation-myth/": {"t": "Creation myth", "s": "Symbolic narratives of how the world and humanity began."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-mythology/e/finnish-mythology/pohjola/": {"t": "Pohjola", "s": "A mythical northern realm in Finnish mythology and the Kalevala."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-theatre/e/ancient-greek-theatre/protagonist/": {"t": "Protagonist", "s": "The main character driving a story's plot forward."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/antagonist/": {"t": "Antagonist", "s": "Character positioned as the main enemy or rival of the protagonist."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-objects/e/mythological-objects/sampo/": {"t": "Sampo", "s": "A magical object bringing wealth and central to Finnish myth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-objects/img/mythological-objects/sampo.webp", "c": "Akseli Gallen-Kallela · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/russian-federal-subjects/karelia/": {"t": "Karelia", "s": "A historical region divided between Russia and Finland, known for its lakes, cultural heritage, and contested past."}, "https://codexery.com/j-r-r-tolkien/e/j-r-r-tolkien/j-r-r-tolkien/": {"t": "J. R. R. Tolkien", "s": "English author and philologist who shaped modern fantasy."}, "https://codexery.com/middle-earth-books/e/middle-earth-books/the-children-of-h-rin/": {"t": "The Children of Húrin", "s": "A First Age tale of tragedy and a cursed family."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-mythology/e/finnish-mythology/kanteletar/": {"t": "Kanteletar", "s": "A sister collection to the Kalevala, compiled by Elias Lönnrot."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-mythology/e/finnish-mythology/runic-song/": {"t": "Runic song", "s": "Oral epic poetry of the Baltic Finnic peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/opium/": {"t": "Opium", "s": "Dried latex from opium poppy, used for millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/mongols/": {"t": "Mongols", "s": "East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and parts of China and Siberia."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lord-byron/": {"t": "Lord Byron", "s": "British Romantic poet and satirist, known for Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/lord-byron.webp", "c": "Thomas Phillips · via Wikipedia: Lord Byron · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-rime-of-the-ancient-mariner/": {"t": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner", "s": "A poem about a sailor's supernatural voyage and guilt."}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/dulcimer/": {"t": "Dulcimer", "s": "Two distinct families of string instruments share the name dulcimer."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/somerset/": {"t": "Somerset", "s": "A rural county with ancient history and cultural festivals."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/william-wordsworth/": {"t": "William Wordsworth", "s": "English Romantic poet and co-founder of the Romantic Age."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/percy-bysshe-shelley/": {"t": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "s": "English Romantic poet and radical thinker."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/st-phane-mallarm/": {"t": "Stéphane Mallarmé", "s": "French Symbolist poet whose work inspired early 20th-century avant-garde movements."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/symbolism-movement/": {"t": "Symbolism (movement)", "s": "Late 19th-century movement seeking absolute truths through symbols."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/douard-manet/": {"t": "Édouard Manet", "s": "French modernist painter and pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/douard-manet.webp", "c": "Nadar / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Édouard Manet · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-music-compositions/e/classical-music-compositions/pr-lude-l-apr-s-midi-d-un-faune/": {"t": "Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune", "s": "Prélude à l'Après-midi d'un faune (L."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/claude-debussy/": {"t": "Claude Debussy", "s": "French composer who rejected the term Impressionist but shaped modern music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/claude-debussy.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Claude Debussy · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/maurice-ravel/": {"t": "Maurice Ravel", "s": "French composer known for Boléro and masterful orchestration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/maurice-ravel.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Maurice Ravel · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/e/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/darius-milhaud/": {"t": "Darius Milhaud", "s": "French modernist composer and member of Les Six."}, "https://codexery.com/fauns-in-popular-culture/e/fauns-in-popular-culture/afternoon-of-a-faun-nijinsky/": {"t": "Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)", "s": "A groundbreaking ballet that scandalized Paris with its archaic style and overt eroticism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fauns-in-popular-culture/img/fauns-in-popular-culture/afternoon-of-a-faun-nijinsky.webp", "c": "Léon Bakst / Françoise Foliot · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fauns-in-popular-culture/e/fauns-in-popular-culture/afternoon-of-a-faun-robbins/": {"t": "Afternoon of a Faun (Robbins)", "s": "A spare, poetic pas de deux of mirrored desire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fauns-in-popular-culture/img/fauns-in-popular-culture/afternoon-of-a-faun-robbins.webp", "c": "Yaakov Saar · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/modernism/": {"t": "Modernism", "s": "Early 20th-century movement emphasizing experimentation and subjective experience."}, "/e/poetry-collections-and-epic-poems/iliad/": {"t": "Iliad", "s": "Ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, central to classical philology."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/conquest-of-chile/": {"t": "Conquest of Chile", "s": "Spanish conquest of Chile ended with Mapuche resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/captaincy-general-of-chile/": {"t": "Captaincy General of Chile", "s": "Spanish colonial territory that became the Republic of Chile."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-rebellions-against-the/e/indigenous-rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/arauco-war/": {"t": "Arauco War", "s": "A long-running conflict between Spaniards and Mapuche in Chile."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/lvar-n-ez-cabeza-de-vaca/": {"t": "Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca", "s": "Spanish explorer, survivor, and chronicler of Native American tribes."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/miguel-de-cervantes/": {"t": "Miguel de Cervantes", "s": "Spanish writer, author of Don Quixote, first modern novel."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/don-quixote/": {"t": "Don Quixote", "s": "A novel about a man who becomes a knight-errant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/img/novels-and-epics/don-quixote.webp", "c": "Juan de la Cuesta · via Wikipedia: Don Quixote · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/voltaire/": {"t": "Voltaire", "s": "French Enlightenment writer and advocate of civil liberties"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/mapuche/": {"t": "Mapuche", "s": "Indigenous people of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/e/ancient-and-medieval-military-leaders/lautaro/": {"t": "Lautaro", "s": "Mapuche toqui who led resistance against Spanish conquest in Chile."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/marie-de-france/": {"t": "Marie de France", "s": "Marie de France was a poet active between roughly 1160 and 1215.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/img/poets-and-lyricists/marie-de-france.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/fairies-in-popular-culture/e/fairies-in-popular-culture/lanval/": {"t": "Lanval", "s": "A knight rescued by his fairy mistress from Arthur's court."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/middle-english/": {"t": "Middle English", "s": "Middle English was the language of England after the Norman Conquest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/middle-english.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle English · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ornamental-garden-plants/e/ornamental-and-garden-plants/honeysuckle/": {"t": "Honeysuckle", "s": "Fragrant vines and shrubs with sweet nectar, some invasive."}, "https://codexery.com/welsh-folklore/e/welsh-folklore/king-arthur/": {"t": "King Arthur", "s": "Legendary king of Britain and folk hero."}, "https://codexery.com/british-folklore/e/british-folklore/brutus-of-troy/": {"t": "Brutus of Troy", "s": "Mythical Trojan descendant and first king of Britain."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/e/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/geoffrey-of-monmouth/": {"t": "Geoffrey of Monmouth", "s": "The cleric who forged the Arthurian legend"}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/epic-poetry-and-myth/sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight/": {"t": "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", "s": "A late 14th-century Arthurian romance combining beheading game and exchange of winnings."}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/epic-poetry-and-myth/piers-plowman/": {"t": "Piers Plowman", "s": "Middle English allegorical poem by William Langland."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/worcestershire/": {"t": "Worcestershire", "s": "Historic county in the West Midlands of England."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/najd/": {"t": "Najd", "s": "Central Arabian highland region, cradle of the House of Saud."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/indo-aryan-languages/": {"t": "Indo-Aryan languages", "s": "The Indo-Aryan languages, also called Indic languages, form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages within the Indo-European family."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/nizami-ganjavi/": {"t": "Nizami Ganjavi", "s": "12th-century Persian poet, master of romantic epic."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/persians/": {"t": "Persians", "s": "An Iranian ethnic group indigenous to the Iranian plateau, native speakers of Persian, and founders of ancient empires."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/e/persian-and-central-asian-poets/amir-khusrau/": {"t": "Amir Khusrau", "s": "Indo-Persian Sufi poet, musician, and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate", "i": "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/img/persian-and-central-asian-poets/amir-khusrau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amir Khusrau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/e/classical-and-medieval-poets/jami/": {"t": "Jami", "s": "Persian Sufi poet and scholar of the Naqshbandi order."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/fuzuli-poet/": {"t": "Fuzuli (poet)", "s": "16th-century poet of Azerbaijani, Persian, and Arabic works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/fuzuli-poet.webp", "c": "Aşık Çelebi · via Wikipedia: Fuzuli (poet) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/poets-of-the-ancient-world/antarah-ibn-shaddad/": {"t": "Antarah ibn Shaddad", "s": "Pre-Islamic Arab poet and knight of the Banu Abs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/img/poets-of-the-ancient-world/antarah-ibn-shaddad.webp", "c": "Abodi009 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/urdu/": {"t": "Urdu", "s": "Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language and national lingua franca of Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-progenitors/e/legendary-progenitors/adnan/": {"t": "Adnan", "s": "Patriarch of the Adnanite Arabs and ancestor of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-ea/e/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-east/abd-al-malik-ibn-marwan/": {"t": "Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan", "s": "Fifth Umayyad caliph who reunified the Caliphate and introduced key administrative reforms."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkic-languages/": {"t": "Turkic languages", "s": "The Turkic languages form a family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast stretch of Eurasia—from Southeastern and Eastern Euro"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/islamic-world/": {"t": "Islamic world", "s": "Global community of those adhering to Islam."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aleister-crowley/": {"t": "Aleister Crowley", "s": "Founder of Thelema and prophet of the Æon of Horus"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/walt-whitman/": {"t": "Walt Whitman", "s": "American poet, author of Leaves of Grass, wrote poems on Abraham Lincoln's death.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/walt-whitman.webp", "c": "George Collins Cox / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Walt Whitman · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/investigative-journalists-and-editors/e/investigative-journalists-and-editors/charles-anderson-dana/": {"t": "Charles Anderson Dana", "s": "Journalist, Civil War official, and editor of The New York Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/henry-david-thoreau/": {"t": "Henry David Thoreau", "s": "American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/amos-bronson-alcott/": {"t": "Amos Bronson Alcott", "s": "American teacher, philosopher, and reformer of education.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/img/psychologists-and-education-theorists/amos-bronson-alcott.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amos Bronson Alcott · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/banking-and-finance/e/banking-and-finance/bankruptcy/": {"t": "Bankruptcy", "s": "Legal process for debt relief from creditors."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/welsh-language/": {"t": "Welsh language", "s": "A Brittonic Celtic language native to Wales with official status."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dante-alighieri/": {"t": "Dante Alighieri", "s": "Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-baudelaire/": {"t": "Charles Baudelaire", "s": "French poet who coined modernity and wrote Les Fleurs du mal."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/paul-verlaine/": {"t": "Paul Verlaine", "s": "A paramount exponent of the fin de siècle and archetypical poète maudit.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/img/poets-and-lyricists/paul-verlaine.webp", "c": "Gravador Félix Valloton ; editor Eugenio Hansen, OFS · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/arthur-rimbaud/": {"t": "Arthur Rimbaud", "s": "French poet who stopped writing at age 20.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/arthur-rimbaud.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arthur Rimbaud · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/lesbos/": {"t": "Lesbos", "s": "Greek island in the northeastern Aegean Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/victor-hugo/": {"t": "Victor Hugo", "s": "French Romantic author, poet, and human rights activist."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/alban-berg/": {"t": "Alban Berg", "s": "Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School, known for blending Romantic lyricism with twelve-tone technique.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/alban-berg.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alban Berg · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/angel-records-artists/e/angel-records-artists/ruth-white-composer/": {"t": "Ruth White (composer)", "s": "American electronic music pioneer and composer."}, "https://codexery.com/american-avant-garde-metal-musical/e/american-avant-garde-metal-musical-groups/naked-city-band/": {"t": "Naked City (band)", "s": "Avant-garde group fusing jazz, metal, punk, and classical."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-classical-musicians/e/indian-classical-musicians/ali-akbar-khan/": {"t": "Ali Akbar Khan", "s": "Sarod virtuoso and pioneering teacher who brought Indian classical music to the West."}, "https://codexery.com/theatrical-genres/e/theatrical-genres/cantastoria/": {"t": "Cantastoria", "s": "Story-singer performance using images to accompany narration or song."}, "https://codexery.com/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/e/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/david-harvey/": {"t": "David Harvey", "s": "Marxist geographer known for urban and economic analysis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/img/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/david-harvey.webp", "c": "Daniel Lobo · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/e/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/yakushi-ji/": {"t": "Yakushi-ji", "s": "Ancient Buddhist temple and UNESCO World Heritage site in Nara."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/shinto/": {"t": "Shinto", "s": "Japan's indigenous religion centered on kami worship."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-fairy-tales/e/japanese-fairy-tales/urashima-tar/": {"t": "Urashima Tarō", "s": "A fisherman who ages centuries after opening a forbidden box.", "i": "https://codexery.com/japanese-fairy-tales/img/japanese-fairy-tales/urashima-tar.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Urashima Tarō · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/kyoto/": {"t": "Kyoto", "s": "The thousand-year capital of Japan, where imperial history and cultural heritage endure."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/e/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/kasuga-taisha/": {"t": "Kasuga-taisha", "s": "Ancient Shinto shrine of the Fujiwara family in Nara."}, "https://codexery.com/political-theorists-and-social-scientist/e/political-theorists-and-social-scientists/miguel-de-unamuno/": {"t": "Miguel de Unamuno", "s": "Spanish essayist, novelist, and philosopher of modernist literature."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jorge-luis-borges/": {"t": "Jorge Luis Borges", "s": "Argentine writer who renovated the language of fiction."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-folklore/e/brazilian-folklore/gaucho/": {"t": "Gaucho", "s": "Skilled horsemen of the South American pampas, brave and unruly."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-colonization-of-the-americas/e/spanish-colonization-of-the-americas/cacique/": {"t": "Cacique", "s": "Indigenous leader term adapted by Spanish colonizers."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-divine-comedy/": {"t": "The Divine Comedy", "s": "Three-part poem on the soul's journey through the afterlife."}, "https://codexery.com/european-modernists/e/european-modernists/roberto-bola-o/": {"t": "Roberto Bolaño", "s": "Chilean writer known for novels The Savage Detectives and 2666."}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-inventions/e/iranian-inventions/mathnawi/": {"t": "Mathnawi", "s": "A rhyming couplet poem form across Islamic literary traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/rumi/": {"t": "Rumi", "s": "Sufi mystic, poet, and founder of the Mevlevi Order"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sufism/": {"t": "Sufism", "s": "The inward dimension of Islam, focusing on purification and direct experience of the divine."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/quran/": {"t": "Quran", "s": "Central religious text of Islam, believed to be divine revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/hadith/": {"t": "Hadith", "s": "The second authority after the Quran, shaping Islamic law and doctrine through reported words and deeds of the Prophet."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/divan-i-shams-i-tabrizi/": {"t": "Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi", "s": "Rumi's lyric collection dedicated to his spiritual teacher Shams-i Tabrizi."}}