{"https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/part-1/flowering-plant/": {"t": "Flowering plant", "s": "Flowering plants dominate land habitats and sustain human agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/part-1/eudicots/": {"t": "Eudicots", "s": "Eudicots are flowering plants with tricolpate pollen and two cotyledons."}, "https://codexery.com/spices/e/profiles/coriander/": {"t": "Coriander", "s": "Annual herb with edible leaves and seeds, used globally."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices-medicinal/e/part-1/conium-maculatum/": {"t": "Conium maculatum", "s": "A highly poisonous biennial weed in the carrot family."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/part-1/phylogenetics/": {"t": "Phylogenetics", "s": "Study of evolutionary history through heritable traits and phylogenetic trees."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-fungi/e/part-1/anise/": {"t": "Anise", "s": "A flowering plant used for flavor and traditional medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/parsnip/": {"t": "parsnip", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/archery/e/part-1/arrow-poison/": {"t": "arrow-poison", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/part-1/polyyne/": {"t": "Polyyne", "s": "Organic chains of alternating single and triple bonds."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/part-1/larva/": {"t": "larva", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/part-1/kale/": {"t": "kale", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/part-1/turnip/": {"t": "Turnip", "s": "A root vegetable with white flesh, domesticated in Central Asia, grown worldwide for food and livestock feed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/part-1/turnip.webp", "c": "Eric Polk · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/rapeseed/": {"t": "rapeseed", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/radish/": {"t": "radish", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/german-cuisine/e/part-1/chrain/": {"t": "chrain", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/part-1/stoma/": {"t": "Stoma", "s": "Pores that regulate gas exchange and water loss in plants."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/part-1/hybrid-biology/": {"t": "hybrid-biology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-linnaeus/": {"t": "Carl Linnaeus", "s": "Father of modern taxonomy"}, "https://codexery.com/rocks-and-minerals/e/part-1/dolomite-mineral/": {"t": "Dolomite (mineral)", "s": "A carbonate mineral with a complex formation history and wide industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/magnesium/": {"t": "magnesium", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/part-1/zinc/": {"t": "zinc", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/nickel/": {"t": "nickel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/edible-fruits-vegetables/e/part-1/cucurbita/": {"t": "cucurbita", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/part-1/tendril/": {"t": "tendril", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/part-1/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Landlocked state in the Mountain West, known as Big Sky Country."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/part-1/southern-united-states/": {"t": "southern-united-states", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/part-1/ericales/": {"t": "Ericales", "s": "A diverse order of flowering plants with many economically important species."}, "https://codexery.com/edible-fruits-vegetables/e/part-1/cranberry/": {"t": "cranberry", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fruit-trees-berries/e/part-1/blueberry/": {"t": "blueberry", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/edible-fruits-vegetables/e/part-1/huckleberry/": {"t": "huckleberry", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/oak/": {"t": "oak", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/part-1/mycorrhiza/": {"t": "mycorrhiza", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/part-1/plant-hormone/": {"t": "Plant hormone", "s": "Signal molecules produced within plants controlling growth and development."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/nitrogen/": {"t": "nitrogen", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/trees-shrubs/e/part-1/hevea-brasiliensis/": {"t": "Hevea brasiliensis", "s": "Primary source of natural rubber, originally from the Amazon."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/poinsettia/": {"t": "poinsettia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/part-1/fabales/": {"t": "Fabales", "s": "Order of flowering plants including legumes and milkworts."}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plant-families/e/part-1/asteraceae/": {"t": "asteraceae", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices-medicinal/e/part-1/indigofera/": {"t": "Indigofera", "s": "A diverse genus of plants used for indigo dye and perennial polyculture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices-medicinal/img/part-1/indigofera.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/mimosa/": {"t": "mimosa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/part-1/human-evolution/": {"t": "Human evolution", "s": "Human evolution is a weblike process studied across multiple scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/pea/": {"t": "pea", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/part-1/vicia-faba/": {"t": "Vicia faba", "s": "A hardy, ancient legume with a broad pod and a rich history."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/part-1/tamarind/": {"t": "Tamarind", "s": "A versatile tropical tree bearing sweet-sour pods, used in cuisines worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/part-1/tamarind.webp", "c": "Flocci Nivis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/edible-fruits-vegetables/e/part-1/fenugreek/": {"t": "fenugreek", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-and-spices/e/part-1/liquorice/": {"t": "Liquorice", "s": "The sweet root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, used for flavour, confectionery, and traditional remedies."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/mutualism-biology/": {"t": "mutualism-biology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/part-1/symbiosis/": {"t": "symbiosis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-nutrition/e/part-1/phenylalanine/": {"t": "phenylalanine", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/part-1/adenosine-triphosphate/": {"t": "adenosine-triphosphate", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/part-1/tethys-ocean/": {"t": "Tethys Ocean", "s": "Prehistoric ocean that fragmented into the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/part-1/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/part-1/chloroplast/": {"t": "chloroplast", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/part-1/intron/": {"t": "intron", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/part-1/phylum/": {"t": "Phylum", "s": "A taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/phaseolus-vulgaris/": {"t": "phaseolus-vulgaris", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/monocotyledon/": {"t": "monocotyledon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plants/e/part-1/iris-plant/": {"t": "iris-plant", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/mount-olympus/": {"t": "mount-olympus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/part-1/stamen/": {"t": "stamen", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/seed-dispersal/": {"t": "seed-dispersal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/part-1/andes/": {"t": "Andes", "s": "Longest continental mountain range, forming western backbone of South America."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/part-1/pollination/": {"t": "Pollination", "s": "Pollination transfers pollen, enabling fertilization and seed production."}, "https://codexery.com/insect-families/e/part-1/hymenoptera/": {"t": "Hymenoptera", "s": "Order of insects including sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/insect-families/img/part-1/hymenoptera.webp", "c": "These belongs to his respective owners. · via Wikipedia: Hymenoptera · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/part-1/lamiales/": {"t": "Lamiales", "s": "The mint order: a diverse group of flowering plants including herbs, trees, and parasites."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/part-1/phylogenetic-tree/": {"t": "Phylogenetic tree", "s": "Branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species."}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plants/e/part-1/lilium/": {"t": "lilium", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ornamental-garden-plants/e/part-1/fritillaria/": {"t": "Fritillaria", "s": "A genus of bulbous perennials with nodding, bell-shaped flowers."}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plants/e/part-1/tulip/": {"t": "tulip", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/part-1/cork-material/": {"t": "Cork (material)", "s": "Natural material used for thousands of years, primarily as wine stoppers."}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/part-1/starch/": {"t": "starch", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/part-1/chromosome/": {"t": "chromosome", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/part-1/molecular-biology/": {"t": "molecular-biology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/part-1/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/part-1/antarctic/": {"t": "Antarctic", "s": "Polar region surrounding the South Pole, governed by treaty."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/part-1/temperate-climate/": {"t": "Temperate climate", "s": "Middle-latitude climates with distinct seasons and moderate temperatures."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/part-1/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "The Northern Hemisphere contains most of the world's continents and major landmasses."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/part-1/plain/": {"t": "plain", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/insects-and-their-relatives/e/part-1/thrips/": {"t": "Thrips", "s": "Minute insects with fringed wings and asymmetrical mouthparts, known as thunderflies or thunderbugs."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/part-1/aphid/": {"t": "Aphid", "s": "Small sap-sucking insects with rapid asexual reproduction and telescoping generations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/img/part-1/aphid.webp", "c": "DimiTalen · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/part-1/rembrandt/": {"t": "Rembrandt", "s": "Dutch Golden Age master of light, shadow, and human emotion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/part-1/rembrandt.webp", "c": "Rembrandt · via Wikipedia: Rembrandt · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ornamental-garden-plants/e/part-1/hibiscus/": {"t": "Hibiscus", "s": "Genus of flowering plants known for large, showy blooms."}, "https://codexery.com/algerian-cuisine/e/part-1/mulukhiyah/": {"t": "mulukhiyah", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/part-1/cotton/": {"t": "cotton", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/trees-shrubs/e/part-1/gossypium/": {"t": "Gossypium", "s": "Genus of flowering plants that provides the world's primary natural fibre."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices/e/part-1/kola-nut/": {"t": "Kola nut", "s": "Caffeine-containing seed used in cola drinks and West African ceremonies."}, "/e/part-1/fabaceae/": {"t": "Fabaceae", "s": "Third-largest plant family, key to agriculture and nitrogen fixation."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/orchid/": {"t": "orchid", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/part-1/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/aquatic-wetland-plants/e/part-1/seagrass/": {"t": "seagrass", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/part-1/rhizome/": {"t": "rhizome", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/part-1/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/part-1/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/korean-cuisine/e/part-1/job-s-tears/": {"t": "Job's tears", "s": "A versatile grain and bead plant with ancient roots in Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/e/part-1/robert-brown-botanist-born-1773/": {"t": "robert-brown-botanist-born-1773", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/part-1/cretaceous/": {"t": "cretaceous", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/part-1/titanosauria/": {"t": "titanosauria", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/part-1/phosphorus/": {"t": "phosphorus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cretaceous-dinosaurs/e/part-1/hadrosauroidea/": {"t": "hadrosauroidea", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/part-1/escarpment/": {"t": "escarpment", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/part-1/pampas/": {"t": "Pampas", "s": "Fertile low grasslands of southern South America, spanning Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/part-1/steppe/": {"t": "steppe", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/part-1/cattle/": {"t": "Cattle", "s": "Domesticated bovid ungulates raised for meat, dairy, and labor."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/omnivore/": {"t": "omnivore", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/part-1/sexual-reproduction/": {"t": "Sexual reproduction", "s": "Sexual reproduction combines gametes to create genetically diverse offspring.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/part-1/sexual-reproduction.webp", "c": ".mw-parser-output .messagebox{margin:4px 0;width:auto;border-collapse:collapse;b · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/part-1/meiosis/": {"t": "meiosis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/part-1/photosynthesis/": {"t": "Photosynthesis", "s": "The process by which plants and other organisms convert light into chemical energy."}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plants/e/part-1/rose/": {"t": "rose", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/raspberry/": {"t": "raspberry", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fruit-trees-berries/e/part-1/blackberry/": {"t": "blackberry", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/trees-and-forest-species/e/part-1/prunus/": {"t": "Prunus", "s": "Genus of flowering trees and shrubs producing stone fruits."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/part-1/plastid/": {"t": "plastid", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/part-1/cell-nucleus/": {"t": "cell-nucleus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/part-1/invasive-species/": {"t": "invasive-species", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/part-1/cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event/": {"t": "cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/part-1/alternative-medicine/": {"t": "Alternative medicine", "s": "Practices claiming healing effects without scientific evidence or plausibility.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/part-1/alternative-medicine.webp", "c": "FBenjr123 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/part-1/pharmacology/": {"t": "Pharmacology", "s": "Science of drugs and their interactions with biological systems."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/part-1/psychoactive-drug/": {"t": "Psychoactive drug", "s": "Substances that alter brain function and consciousness across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/germanic-languages/": {"t": "Germanic languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-European including English, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/oceania/": {"t": "Oceania", "s": "Oceania is the smallest continent, spanning the Pacific Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/part-1/eurasia/": {"t": "eurasia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/part-1/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/part-1/columbian-exchange/": {"t": "columbian-exchange", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/part-1/bird/": {"t": "bird", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/part-1/continent/": {"t": "Continent", "s": "Large terrestrial region identified by convention, not strict criteria."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/part-1/carbohydrate/": {"t": "carbohydrate", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/part-1/nicotine/": {"t": "Nicotine", "s": "Stimulant alkaloid from tobacco; highly addictive."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/part-1/nicotiana/": {"t": "Nicotiana", "s": "A genus of plants cultivated for tobacco and ornamental flowers."}}