[{"n": "John McCarthy (computer scientist)", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist/", "s": "Founding father of artificial intelligence and creator of Lisp."}, {"n": "John Vincent Atanasoff", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/john-vincent-atanasoff/", "s": "American physicist who invented the first electronic digital computer."}, {"n": "John von Neumann", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/john-von-neumann/", "s": "Mathematician and physicist who shaped quantum theory and computing."}, {"n": "Ken Thompson", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/ken-thompson/", "s": "American computer scientist who created Unix and co-developed Go."}, {"n": "Konrad Zuse", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/konrad-zuse/", "s": "German engineer who built the first programmable computer, the Z3."}, {"n": "Kristen Nygaard", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/kristen-nygaard/", "s": "Co-inventor of object-oriented programming and Simula."}, {"n": "Leslie Lamport", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/leslie-lamport/", "s": "American computer scientist and mathematician; developed LaTeX and distributed systems theory."}, {"n": "Linus Torvalds", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/linus-torvalds/", "s": "Finnish-American engineer who created the Linux kernel and the Git version control system."}, {"n": "Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/margaret-hamilton-software-engineer/", "s": "Led Apollo flight software development; coined 'software engineering'."}, {"n": "Marvin Minsky", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/marvin-minsky/", "s": "American mathematician and co-founder of artificial intelligence."}, {"n": "Maurice Wilkes", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/maurice-wilkes/", "s": "English computer scientist who built EDSAC and invented microprogramming."}, {"n": "Niklaus Wirth", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/niklaus-wirth/", "s": "Swiss computer scientist who designed several programming languages, including Pascal."}, {"n": "Norbert Wiener", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/norbert-wiener/", "s": "Originator of cybernetics and early theorist of machine intelligence."}, {"n": "Paul Baran", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/paul-baran/", "s": "Co-inventor of packet switching; designed survivable distributed networks."}, {"n": "Ray Tomlinson", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/ray-tomlinson/", "s": "The BBN programmer who sent the first networked email and gave addresses their @ sign."}, {"n": "Richard Stallman", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/richard-stallman/", "s": "Free software movement activist and programmer."}, {"n": "Robert Kahn (computer scientist)", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/robert-kahn-computer-scientist/", "s": "Co-inventor of TCP/IP, the Internet's core protocols."}, {"n": "Claude Shannon", "u": "/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/claude-shannon/", "s": "Polymath who founded information theory and digital circuit design."}]