[{"n": "Arrhenius equation", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/arrhenius-equation/", "s": "Formula for temperature dependence of reaction rates."}, {"n": "Azeotrope", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/azeotrope/", "s": "Mixture whose vapor composition matches its liquid composition."}, {"n": "Azeotropic distillation", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/azeotropic-distillation/", "s": "Techniques to break azeotropes in distillation."}, {"n": "Boiling-point elevation", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/boiling-point-elevation/", "s": "Boiling-point elevation is a colligative property of solutions."}, {"n": "Chemical thermodynamics", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/chemical-thermodynamics/", "s": "Study of heat and work in chemical reactions and state changes."}, {"n": "Colligative properties", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/colligative-properties/", "s": "Solution properties depending only on solute particle count."}, {"n": "Collision frequency", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/collision-frequency/", "s": "Rate of collisions between atomic or molecular species per unit time."}, {"n": "Collision theory", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/collision-theory/", "s": "Principle predicting chemical reaction rates via molecular collisions."}, {"n": "Dissociation constant", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/dissociation-constant/", "s": "Equilibrium constant measuring reversible dissociation of complexes."}, {"n": "Entropy of activation", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/entropy-of-activation/", "s": "Entropy change upon forming the transition state in a reaction."}, {"n": "Equilibrium constant", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/equilibrium-constant/", "s": "Value of reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium."}, {"n": "Eutectic system", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/eutectic-system/", "s": "A mixture with a melting point lower than its constituents."}, {"n": "Exothermic reaction", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/exothermic-reaction/", "s": "A reaction with negative standard enthalpy change, releasing heat."}, {"n": "Flory–Huggins solution theory", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/flory-huggins-solution-theory/", "s": "Lattice model for polymer solution thermodynamics."}, {"n": "Freezing-point depression", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/freezing-point-depression/", "s": "Freezing-point depression lowers the freezing temperature of a solvent."}, {"n": "Freundlich equation", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/freundlich-equation/", "s": "Empirical isotherm relating adsorbed quantity to pressure or concentration."}, {"n": "Half-cell", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/half-cell/", "s": "A half-cell is an electrode-electrolyte structure generating a potential difference."}, {"n": "Half-reaction", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/half-reaction/", "s": "Half reactions represent oxidation or reduction in redox processes."}, {"n": "Standard electrode potential", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/standard-electrode-potential/", "s": "Measure of reducing power in electrochemical cells."}, {"n": "Thermodynamic equilibrium", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/thermodynamic-equilibrium/", "s": "State with no net flows and no tendency toward change."}, {"n": "Surface science", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/surface-science/", "s": "Study of physical and chemical phenomena at interfaces."}, {"n": "Solvent effects", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/solvent-effects/", "s": "Solvents influence chemical reactivity, stability, and reaction rates."}, {"n": "Raoult's law", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/raoult-s-law/", "s": "Relation linking vapor pressure to mole fraction in ideal mixtures."}, {"n": "Physical chemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/physical-chemistry/", "s": "Applying physics to understand chemical systems and reactions."}, {"n": "Partition coefficient", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/partition-coefficient/", "s": "Ratio of solute concentrations between two immiscible solvents at equilibrium."}, {"n": "Partial pressure", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/partial-pressure/", "s": "Partial pressure governs gas behavior in mixtures and solutions."}, {"n": "Mixture", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/mixture/", "s": "Physical combination of substances retaining individual properties."}, {"n": "Marcus theory", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/marcus-theory/", "s": "Theory explaining electron transfer rates and the inverted region."}, {"n": "Ion", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/ion/", "s": "Atom or molecule with net electric charge from electron-proton imbalance."}, {"n": "Henry's law", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/henry-s-law/", "s": "Gas solubility proportional to partial pressure above liquid."}, {"n": "Equilibrium chemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/equilibrium-chemistry/", "s": "Study of systems at chemical equilibrium with minimal free energy."}, {"n": "Electrolyte", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/electrolyte/", "s": "Substance that conducts electricity through ion movement."}, {"n": "Electrochemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/electrochemistry/", "s": "Study of chemical change driven by or producing electricity."}, {"n": "Computational chemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/computational-chemistry/", "s": "Using quantum mechanics to model chemical systems computationally."}, {"n": "Chemical potential", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/chemical-potential/", "s": "Energy change per particle added to a thermodynamic system."}, {"n": "Chemical polarity", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/chemical-polarity/", "s": "Charge distribution in molecules affecting physical properties."}, {"n": "Chemical equilibrium", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/chemical-equilibrium/", "s": "State where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal."}, {"n": "Apparent molar property", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/apparent-molar-property/", "s": "A measure of a component's contribution to solution non-ideality."}, {"n": "Acid dissociation constant", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/acid-dissociation-constant/", "s": "Equilibrium constant for acid dissociation, expressed as pKa."}, {"n": "Spectroelectrochemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/spectroelectrochemistry/", "s": "Multi-response technique combining electrochemistry and spectroscopy."}, {"n": "Standard temperature and pressure", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/standard-temperature-and-pressure/", "s": "Reference conditions for comparing gas volumes and experimental data."}, {"n": "Solution (chemistry)", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/solution-chemistry/", "s": "A homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute."}, {"n": "Volatility (chemistry)", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/volatility-chemistry/", "s": "Volatility describes how readily a substance vaporizes."}, {"n": "Chemical affinity", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/chemical-affinity/", "s": "Electronic property enabling chemical combination of unlike species."}, {"n": "Theoretical chemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/theoretical-chemistry/", "s": "Branch of chemistry using theoretical generalizations and physical methods."}, {"n": "Food physical chemistry", "u": "/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/food-physical-chemistry/", "s": "Branch of food chemistry applying physical principles to food systems."}]