Philippine Cities Codexery

Tacloban

Eastern Visayas regional center and temporary Philippine capital.

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Tacloban is a highly urbanized city in the Philippines that was devastated by Typhoon Haiyan on November 8, 2013.[1][2] From October 20, 1944, until February 27, 1945, Tacloban functioned as the Philippines' temporary capital under the Commonwealth government.[1] President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo issued a proclamation on October 4, 2008, designating Tacloban a highly urbanized city, and the local populace affirmed this status through a ratification vote on December 18, 2008.[3]

Geography and history

Fishermen would use a bamboo contraption called a "taklub" to catch crabs, shrimps, or fish, and when asked where they were going, they would answer "tarakluban," meaning the place where they used the device.[4] The Augustinians from Cebu introduced the devotion to the Santo Niño, who became the heavenly patron of the settlement.[5] On June 20, 1952, Tacloban was proclaimed a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act No. 760.[6] The Japanese Imperial Naval Forces made Tacloban a port of call because San Pedro Bay was ideal for larger vessels.[7]

In 1843, the Franciscans took over parish administration from the Augustinians.[5] Manuel Buzeta's 19th-century census documented 2,290 native families residing in Tacloban alongside 11 families of Spanish-Filipino heritage.[5] On February 26, 1830, Tacloban was designated the capital of Leyte, chosen for its advantageous harbor location and its sheltered, sufficient port infrastructure.[6] A typhoon in November 1912 left Tacloban "practically destroyed," and the combined death count for Tacloban and Capiz reached 15,000, equaling half of those cities' populations at that time.[8]

Japanese troops arrived in Tacloban on May 25, 1942, initiating a two-year occupation of Leyte.[7]

What the cited sources add

A source on "comfort women" states that at Tacloban on the island of Leyte, a comfort station managed by Filipinos had nine Filipino women working there.[9] The same source notes that in 1942, in the first comfort station 12 to 16 women worked, and in the second one 10 to 11 women worked.[9] About 25 percent of the women in these stations were confined for four months or longer.[9] One woman experienced rape by Japanese soldiers for the first time in February 1942.[9]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Cities and Enterprises, Competitiveness and Growth: Philippine Cities Competitiveness Ranking Project 2009", Asian Institute of Management Policy Center, 2010; Ocampo, "Tacloban, not once but thrice", Philippine Daily Inquirer, November 19, 2013 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Typhoon Haiyan: thousands dead as devastation hampers aid efforts", November 11, 2013; "Philippines declares state of calamity President declares emergency measures as aid trickles in for millions of people left destitute by the Haiyan superstorm.", aljazeera.com, November 11, 2013; "Philippine Red Cross says typhoon relief efforts being hampered by looters", Fox News, November 10, 2013; "Tons of aid arriving in Philippines, but debris, logistics hampering relief efforts", Fox News, November 12, 2013 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Proclamation No. 1637 dated October 4, 2008; "Tacloban is 1st highly urbanized city", Cebu Daily News, December 20, 2008 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "History", tacloban.gov.ph (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Buzeta, "Diccionario Geográfico, Estadístico, Histórico, de las Islas Filipinas", Imp. de D. José C. de la Peña, 1850 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Proclamation No. 394, s. 1953", June 6, 1953 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Limos, Mario Alvaro, "The Untold Story of 'Miss Fernandez,' the School Teacher Who Killed 200 Japanese in WWII", Esquire, September 15, 2020; Israni, Prakash, "What Happened To Nieves Fernandez? Teacher Killed 200 Japanese in WWII Guerrilla war Philippines", PKB News, April 9, 2023; "Philippine Survivor Recounts Her Struggle As A 'Comfort Woman' For Wartime Japan", NPR.org; "The Other Empire: Literary Views of Japan from the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia", The University of the Philippines Press, 2008; "Women made to be Comfort Women - en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Tacloban" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "15,000 Die in Philippine Storm", Washington Herald, November 30, 1912 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. "Women made to be Comfort Women - Philippines". facts only, no text reused. awf.or.jp

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Tacloban (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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