{"https://codexery.com/american-science-fiction-war-films/e/american-science-fiction-war-films/independence-day-1996-film/": {"t": "Independence Day (1996 film)", "s": "Earth. Take a good look. It could be your last."}, "https://codexery.com/british-dystopian-films/e/british-dystopian-films/v-for-vendetta-film/": {"t": "V for Vendetta (film)", "s": "A masked vigilante ignites revolution in a fascist Britain."}, "https://codexery.com/film-classics/e/film-classics/avatar-2009-film/": {"t": "Avatar (2009 film)", "s": "A 2009 sci-fi film about humans colonizing Pandora."}, "https://codexery.com/film-classics/e/film-classics/apocalypse-now/": {"t": "Apocalypse Now", "s": "1979 American anti-war film inspired by Heart of Darkness."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/behind-the-scenes/tom-hanks/": {"t": "Tom Hanks", "s": "Two-time Oscar winner whose company Playtone produced Band of Brothers with Steven Spielberg.", "i": "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/img/behind-the-scenes/tom-hanks.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tom Hanks · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cobra-kai/e/people/mickey-rourke/": {"t": "Mickey Rourke", "s": "American actor and former professional boxer known for his comeback in The Wrestler."}, "https://codexery.com/comedic-performers/e/comedic-performers/jim-carrey/": {"t": "Jim Carrey", "s": "Canadian-American actor known for slapstick and dramatic roles."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/christopher-lambert/": {"t": "Christopher Lambert", "s": "American actor known for Tarzan, Highlander, and Mortal Kombat."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-satirists/e/comedians-and-satirists/billy-crystal/": {"t": "Billy Crystal", "s": "American comedian, actor, and filmmaker.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-satirists/img/comedians-and-satirists/billy-crystal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alan King · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/the-simpsons/e/characters/non-english-versions-of-the-simpsons/": {"t": "Non-English versions of The Simpsons", "s": "Non-English dubs of The Simpsons adapted for local cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-disney-television/e/television-series-by-disney-television-animation/house-of-mouse/": {"t": "House of Mouse", "s": "Mickey and friends host a dinner club for Disney characters."}, "https://codexery.com/cyberpunk-films/e/cyberpunk-films/strange-days-film/": {"t": "Strange Days (film)", "s": "A dystopian thriller set on the last two days of 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/piedmont/": {"t": "Piedmont", "s": "Northwest Italian region, historic heart of Italian unification."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/la-spezia/": {"t": "La Spezia", "s": "Major naval base and gateway to the Cinque Terre."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/lombardy/": {"t": "Lombardy", "s": "The most populous region of Italy, second-most populous in the EU, and a global centre for business, fashion, and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/giacomo-puccini/": {"t": "Giacomo Puccini", "s": "Italian composer of La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/giuseppe-verdi/": {"t": "Giuseppe Verdi", "s": "Italian composer best known for his operas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/giuseppe-verdi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Giuseppe Verdi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/renata-tebaldi/": {"t": "Renata Tebaldi", "s": "Italian lirico-spinto soprano, star of La Scala and the Met.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/img/opera-singers/renata-tebaldi.webp", "c": "ITID srl · via Wikipedia: Renata Tebaldi · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/leontyne-price/": {"t": "Leontyne Price", "s": "First African-American soprano to achieve international acclaim."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ambrose/": {"t": "Ambrose", "s": "Roman governor turned bishop, defender of Nicene Christianity, and one of the four Great Latin Church Fathers."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/napoli/e/culture/naples/": {"t": "Naples", "s": "Ancient Greek colony and historic capital of southern Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/benedictines/": {"t": "Benedictines", "s": "Oldest Latin Church order, following the Rule of Saint Benedict."}, "/e/people-from-syracuse-sicily/ottavio-gaetani/": {"t": "Ottavio Gaetani", "s": "Jesuit historian and founder of Sicilian hagiography."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/catania/": {"t": "Catania", "s": "Second-largest Sicilian city by population, at the base of Mount Etna."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-clement-viii/": {"t": "Pope Clement VIII", "s": "Pope who reconciled Henry IV and approved coffee."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/peter-damian/": {"t": "Peter Damian", "s": "Italian reforming Benedictine monk, cardinal, and Doctor of the Church", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/peter-damian.webp", "c": "Srnec at English Wikipedia · via Wikipedia: Peter Damian · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/religious/isidore-of-seville/": {"t": "Isidore of Seville", "s": "The last scholar of the ancient world"}, "https://codexery.com/marian-visionaries/e/marian-visionaries/ildefonsus/": {"t": "Ildefonsus", "s": "Seventh-century archbishop and Marian visionary."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/anselm-of-canterbury/": {"t": "Anselm of Canterbury", "s": "Benedictine abbot, philosopher, theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/pope-gregory-i/": {"t": "Pope Gregory I", "s": "The 64th Bishop of Rome and a Father of the Church", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/pope-gregory-i.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pope Gregory I · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/benedict-of-nursia/": {"t": "Benedict of Nursia", "s": "Italian monk who authored the influential Rule of Saint Benedict."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/thomas-aquinas/": {"t": "Thomas Aquinas", "s": "Angelic Doctor and Universal Teacher", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/thomas-aquinas.webp", "c": "Carlo Crivelli · via Wikipedia: Thomas Aquinas · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-of-assisi/": {"t": "Francis of Assisi", "s": "Italian mystic, poet, and founder of the Franciscan Order"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/ignatius-of-loyola/": {"t": "Ignatius of Loyola", "s": "Founder of the Jesuits, soldier turned saint, and author of the Spiritual Exercises.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/ignatius-of-loyola.webp", "c": "AnonymousUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Ignatius of Loyola · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/sapienza-university-of-rome/": {"t": "Sapienza University of Rome", "s": "Oldest pontifical university and Europe's largest by enrollment."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-chancellors/e/european-prime-ministers-and-chancellors/alcide-de-gasperi/": {"t": "Alcide De Gasperi", "s": "Founder of Christian Democracy and a key architect of post-war Italy and the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/people-of-the-trojan-war/e/people-of-the-trojan-war/achaeans-homer/": {"t": "Achaeans (Homer)", "s": "One of Homer's primary names for the Greek forces at Troy."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/apollo/": {"t": "Apollo", "s": "God of light, healing, prophecy, music, poetry, and archery; twin brother of Artemis."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/antonio-canova/": {"t": "Antonio Canova", "s": "Italian Neoclassical sculptor, renowned for marble works and advisor on the Elgin Marbles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/antonio-canova.webp", "c": "Antonio Canova · via Wikipedia: Antonio Canova · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/perseus/": {"t": "Perseus", "s": "Legendary Greek hero and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/vatican-museums/": {"t": "Vatican Museums", "s": "Public museums of Vatican City housing papal art collections."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/ferdinand-i-of-the-two-sicilies/": {"t": "Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies", "s": "King of the Two Sicilies, deposed twice and restored."}, "/e/people-from-syracuse-sicily/constantino-cajetan/": {"t": "Constantino Cajetan", "s": "Benedictine scholar and early promoter of the Propaganda College."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/italians/": {"t": "Italians", "s": "An ethnic group native to Italy with a global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/mount-etna/e/mount-etna/1693-sicily-earthquake/": {"t": "1693 Sicily earthquake", "s": "The most powerful earthquake in recorded Italian history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/caltagirone/": {"t": "Caltagirone", "s": "Sicilian city known for pottery, a monumental staircase, and UNESCO protection."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/normans/": {"t": "Normans", "s": "From Norse raiders to rulers of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/niccol-machiavelli/": {"t": "Niccolò Machiavelli", "s": "Florentine diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian of the Italian Renaissance"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mecca/": {"t": "Mecca", "s": "Holiest city in Islam and birthplace of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/fatimid-caliphate/": {"t": "Fatimid Caliphate", "s": "Isma'ili Shi'a caliphate spanning North Africa and West Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/tunisia/": {"t": "Tunisia", "s": "A North African crossroads of ancient civilizations and modern aspirations."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/aleppo/": {"t": "Aleppo", "s": "Ancient Syrian city, historic Silk Road hub, site of major conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/madrasa/": {"t": "Madrasa", "s": "An Arabic term for any educational institution, historically a college of Islamic law."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/iconoclasm/": {"t": "Iconoclasm", "s": "The belief in the importance of destroying icons and images, often for religious or political reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-greece/e/world-heritage-sites-in-greece/church-of-hosios-david/": {"t": "Church of Hosios David", "s": "Late 5th-century church with notable Byzantine mosaics and frescoes."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/santa-claus/e/santa-claus/saint-nicholas/": {"t": "Saint Nicholas", "s": "Early Christian bishop whose secret gift-giving inspired Santa Claus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/santa-claus/img/santa-claus/saint-nicholas.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saint Nicholas · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom/": {"t": "John Chrysostom", "s": "Church Father and Archbishop of Constantinople known for eloquent preaching.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Chrysostom · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/caesar-title/": {"t": "Caesar (title)", "s": "From cognomen to imperial title: the evolution of Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/img/imperial-titles/caesar-title.webp", "c": "Justus van Egmont · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/hagia-sophia/": {"t": "Hagia Sophia", "s": "Justinian's great domed church in Istanbul: cathedral, mosque, museum and mosque again.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/hagia-sophia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hagia Sophia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/astrology/e/astrology/astrology/": {"t": "Astrology", "s": "Divinatory practice interpreting celestial positions to discern earthly events."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/constantine-the-great/": {"t": "Constantine the Great", "s": "First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustine-of-hippo/": {"t": "Augustine of Hippo", "s": "Influential Christian theologian and philosopher of the Patristic Period."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/aldus-manutius/": {"t": "Aldus Manutius", "s": "The printer who revived Greek classics and invented the portable book.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/aldus-manutius.webp", "c": "Rota, Martinus Sibenicensis (1520?-1583). Graveur · via Wikipedia: Aldus Manutius · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantius-ii/": {"t": "Constantius II", "s": "Roman emperor whose reign saw civil wars and religious strife."}, "https://codexery.com/constantine-the-great/e/constantine-the-great/constans/": {"t": "Constans", "s": "Youngest son of Constantine the Great, emperor from 337."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/tuscany/": {"t": "Tuscany", "s": "Central Italian region, birthplace of the Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/modena/": {"t": "Modena", "s": "City in Emilia-Romagna known for luxury cars and balsamic vinegar."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/umbria/": {"t": "Umbria", "s": "Central Italian region, landlocked, named for the ancient Umbri."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/association-football/": {"t": "Association football", "s": "Association football, also called football or soccer, is a team sport where two sides of 11 players each use their feet to move an inflated ball across a pitch."}, "https://codexery.com/ac-milan/e/history/serie-a/": {"t": "Serie A", "s": "Italy's top professional football league since 1929."}, "https://codexery.com/ball-games/e/ball-games/germany-national-football-team/": {"t": "Germany national football team", "s": "Four-time World Cup winners and European champions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ball-games/img/ball-games/germany-national-football-team.webp", "c": "https://team.dfb.de · via Wikipedia: Germany national football team · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/ball-games/e/ball-games/italy-national-football-team/": {"t": "Italy national football team", "s": "Four-time World Cup winners and two-time European champions."}, "https://codexery.com/ajax/e/honours/uefa-europa-league/": {"t": "UEFA Europa League", "s": "The second-tier European club competition, won by 31 clubs since 1971."}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/food-and-cooking/vegetarianism/": {"t": "Vegetarianism", "s": "Abstention from meat, rooted in ethics, health, and religion."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/archimedes/": {"t": "Archimedes", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor of Syracuse."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/sea/": {"t": "Sea", "s": "The sea is Earth's interconnected body of salt water."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/profanity/": {"t": "Profanity", "s": "Offensive language used for emotion, emphasis, or social bonding."}, "https://codexery.com/film-directors-masters-of-world-cinema/e/film-directors-masters-of-world-cinema/luc-besson/": {"t": "Luc Besson", "s": "French filmmaker known for visually striking, genre-spanning films."}, "https://codexery.com/hagia-sophia/e/hagia-sophia/council-of-constantinople-843/": {"t": "Council of Constantinople (843)", "s": "Local council that restored icon veneration in the Byzantine Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/caravaggio/": {"t": "Caravaggio", "s": "Italian painter whose tenebrism shaped Baroque art."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/public-administration/": {"t": "Public administration", "s": "The implementation of public policies and government programs."}, "https://codexery.com/theatrical-occupations/e/theatrical-occupations/actor/": {"t": "Actor", "s": "A performer who portrays a character in a production."}}