{"https://codexery.com/song-forms/e/song-forms/canci-n/": {"t": "Canción", "s": "A Latin American song genre rooted in European and Cuban traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/state-owned-record-labels/e/state-owned-record-labels/egrem/": {"t": "EGREM", "s": "Cuba's national record label since 1964, home to the world's most extensive catalog of Cuban music."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/salsa-music/": {"t": "Salsa music", "s": "Salsa is a dance music style rooted in Caribbean and Latin traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/e/latin-music-icons/celia-cruz/": {"t": "Celia Cruz", "s": "The Queen of Salsa who brought Afro-Cuban rhythms to the world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/img/latin-music-icons/celia-cruz.webp", "c": "Ibrahim Arce (Narcy Studios photographer), most likely · via Wikipedia: Celia Cruz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cinema-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Cinema of the United States", "s": "Hollywood shaped global cinema from the early 20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/cuban-war-of-independence/": {"t": "Cuban War of Independence", "s": "Cuba's final war for independence from Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/henrik-ibsen/": {"t": "Henrik Ibsen", "s": "Norwegian playwright considered father of modern drama."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-bernard-shaw/": {"t": "George Bernard Shaw", "s": "Irish playwright and critic who reshaped modern drama."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/federico-garc-a-lorca/": {"t": "Federico García Lorca", "s": "Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director of the Generation of '27."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War, which raged in Spain from 1936 to 1939, pitted the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/catalonia/": {"t": "Catalonia", "s": "An autonomous community in northeastern Spain with a distinct history and language."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/oran/": {"t": "Oran", "s": "Second-largest city in Algeria, key coastal hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/buenos-aires/": {"t": "Buenos Aires", "s": "The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: a multicultural capital with eclectic European architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/cuban-revolution/": {"t": "Cuban Revolution", "s": "Overthrew Batista; reshaped Cuba and Cold War Latin America."}, "/e/people-from-cienfuegos/luis-posada-carriles/": {"t": "Luis Posada Carriles", "s": "Cuban exile militant and CIA agent accused of terrorism."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-american-wars-of-independence/e/spanish-american-wars-of-independence/camp-columbia-havana/": {"t": "Camp Columbia (Havana)", "s": "Military post in Havana, site of revolutionary events."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/camilo-cienfuegos/": {"t": "Camilo Cienfuegos", "s": "The cheerful revolutionary who never declared his ideology."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-washington-post/": {"t": "The Washington Post", "s": "American daily newspaper and newspaper of record."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/hungarian-revolution-of-1956/": {"t": "Hungarian Revolution of 1956", "s": "A 13-day uprising against Soviet domination, crushed by Soviet forces.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/hungarian-revolution-of-1956.webp", "c": "Globetrotter19 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/marathon/": {"t": "Marathon", "s": "A long-distance race rooted in ancient legend and revived for the modern Olympics."}, "https://codexery.com/james-bond/e/factions/cia/": {"t": "CIA", "s": "America's shadow warriors: powerful allies and occasional rivals in the global spy game."}, "https://codexery.com/boxing-writers/e/boxing-writers/norman-mailer/": {"t": "Norman Mailer", "s": "American writer, journalist, and filmmaker known for New Journalism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boxing-writers/img/boxing-writers/norman-mailer.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Norman Mailer · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-violin/": {"t": "The Violin", "s": "A 2005 Mexican drama film directed by Francisco Vargas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-violin.webp", "c": "unknown, released with CC0 license by Smithsonian · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/e/latin-music-icons/buena-vista-social-club/": {"t": "Buena Vista Social Club", "s": "Cuban ensemble that revived traditional son music worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/e/legal-professions/lawyer/": {"t": "Lawyer", "s": "A qualified advisor and representative in legal matters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/img/legal-professions/lawyer.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/western-hemisphere/": {"t": "Western Hemisphere", "s": "U.S. Department of Defense school for Latin American security personnel, formerly the School of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/minister-government/": {"t": "Minister (government)", "s": "A politician heading a ministry and making policy decisions."}, "https://codexery.com/haile-selassie/e/haile-selassie/1st-summit-of-the-non-aligned-movement/": {"t": "1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement", "s": "First conference of the Non-Aligned Movement, held in Belgrade."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/belgrade/": {"t": "Belgrade", "s": "Capital of Serbia, ancient city at Danube and Sava confluence."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/organization-of-american-states/": {"t": "Organization of American States", "s": "Promoting democracy, human rights, and security across the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/e/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/ten-years-war/": {"t": "Ten Years' War", "s": "First of three Cuban wars for independence from Spain."}, "/e/people-from-cienfuegos/federico-fern-ndez-cavada/": {"t": "Federico Fernández Cavada", "s": "Union balloon observer, prisoner of war, and Cuban independence commander."}, "https://codexery.com/philadelphia-76ers/e/stadiums/philadelphia/": {"t": "Philadelphia", "s": "The gritty, soulful city where the Sixers legacy is forged in fire and celebrated with unmatched passion."}, "/e/people-from-cienfuegos/adolfo-fern-ndez-cavada/": {"t": "Adolfo Fernández Cavada", "s": "Union Army officer, diplomat, and Cuban insurgent commander."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/panama-canal/": {"t": "Panama Canal", "s": "A 82 km artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through Panama.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/panama-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Geography of Panama · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/mississippi/": {"t": "Mississippi", "s": "State in the Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/mississippi.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/harper-s-magazine/": {"t": "Harper's Magazine", "s": "The oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/ulysses-s-grant/": {"t": "Ulysses S. Grant", "s": "18th U.S. President and Commanding General of the Union Army"}, "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/e/criminals-and-outlaws/scottsboro-boys/": {"t": "Scottsboro Boys", "s": "Nine black teens wrongly accused of rape in 1931 Alabama."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/korean-war/": {"t": "Korean War", "s": "A frozen conflict that divided a peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/latin-america/": {"t": "Latin America", "s": "The cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/latin-america.webp", "c": "Henrykez · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/legitimacy-family-law/": {"t": "Legitimacy (family law)", "s": "Legal status of children born to married parents."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/nicol-s-guill-n/": {"t": "Nicolás Guillén", "s": "Cuban poet who fused Afro-Cuban son with political verse."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/soviet-famine-of-1946-1947/": {"t": "Soviet famine of 1946–1947", "s": "Major famine in Soviet history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "/e/people-from-cienfuegos/osvaldo-dortic-s-torrado/": {"t": "Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado", "s": "President of Cuba from 1959 to 1976."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/alejo-carpentier/": {"t": "Alejo Carpentier", "s": "Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist who pioneered lo real maravilloso and influenced Latin American literature's boom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/alejo-carpentier.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Alejo Carpentier · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/theatre/": {"t": "Theatre", "s": "Collaborative live performance art before an audience."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/abstract-art/": {"t": "Abstract art", "s": "Art independent of visual references in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/socialist-realism/": {"t": "Socialist realism", "s": "Official Soviet art doctrine depicting reality in revolutionary development."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/global-pop-folk-legends/e/global-pop-and-folk-legends/machito/": {"t": "Machito", "s": "Latin jazz musician who shaped Afro-Cuban jazz and Cubop.", "i": "https://codexery.com/global-pop-folk-legends/img/global-pop-and-folk-legends/machito.webp", "c": "The Library of Congress · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/e/latin-music-icons/rub-n-blades/": {"t": "Rubén Blades", "s": "The thinking person's salsa icon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/img/latin-music-icons/rub-n-blades.webp", "c": "Gage Skidmore from Peoria, AZ, United States of America · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stage-legends/e/stage-legends/eleonora-duse/": {"t": "Eleonora Duse", "s": "The Italian actress who eliminated the self to become her characters."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/sarah-bernhardt/": {"t": "Sarah Bernhardt", "s": "The divine Sarah: French stage actress, sculptor, and pioneer of sound recordings and motion pictures."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/don-quixote/": {"t": "Don Quixote", "s": "A novel about a man who becomes a knight-errant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/img/novels-and-epics/don-quixote.webp", "c": "Juan de la Cuesta · via Wikipedia: Don Quixote · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/e/american-and-caribbean-leaders/porfirio-d-az/": {"t": "Porfirio Díaz", "s": "Mexican general and president who ruled for over thirty years during the Porfiriato.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/img/american-and-caribbean-leaders/porfirio-d-az.webp", "c": "Aurelio Escobar Castellanos, Archive · via Wikipedia: Porfirio Díaz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/terrorism/": {"t": "Terrorism", "s": "Violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/federal-government-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Federal government of the United States", "s": "National government of the United States, established by the Constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/miami/": {"t": "Miami", "s": "Gateway to Latin America"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/caracas/": {"t": "Caracas", "s": "Capital and largest city of Venezuela, cultural and economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/m-rida-yucat-n/": {"t": "Mérida, Yucatán", "s": "Capital of Yucatán, built on Maya ruins with colonial heritage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/img/cities-and-urban-areas/m-rida-yucat-n.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mérida International Airport · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/barbados/": {"t": "Barbados", "s": "The southernmost island of the Caribbean, a former British colony turned republic."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/trinidad/": {"t": "Trinidad", "s": "Southernmost Caribbean island, rich in biodiversity and oil."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/augusto-pinochet/": {"t": "Augusto Pinochet", "s": "Chilean army officer and military dictator who ruled from 1973 to 1990"}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/aruba/": {"t": "Aruba", "s": "A dry Caribbean island with Dutch constituent status."}, "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/e/former-dutch-colonies/netherlands-antilles/": {"t": "Netherlands Antilles", "s": "Former Caribbean constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/img/former-dutch-colonies/netherlands-antilles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Netherlands Antilles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/oliver-north/": {"t": "Oliver North", "s": "Oliver North: Marine, Iran-Contra figure, NRA president."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-cities/e/latin-american-cities/guatemala-city/": {"t": "Guatemala City", "s": "National capital and largest city of Guatemala."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/naval-mine/": {"t": "Naval mine", "s": "Explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/extradition/": {"t": "Extradition", "s": "Formal legal process for surrendering fugitives between jurisdictions."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/cartoonist/": {"t": "Cartoonist", "s": "Visual artist who writes and draws cartoons or comics."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/satire/": {"t": "Satire", "s": "A genre using ridicule to expose societal flaws."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/comic-strip/": {"t": "Comic strip", "s": "Sequential panels combining words and pictures for humor or narrative."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/mad-magazine/": {"t": "Mad (magazine)", "s": "Originally a comic book series published by EC, it later converted to magazine format and became widely imitated and influential, affecting satirical media and ", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/mad-magazine.webp", "c": "The Strand Magazine · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/installation-art/": {"t": "Installation art", "s": "Three-dimensional, often site-specific art transforming spatial perception."}}