{"https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/peninsula/": {"t": "Peninsula", "s": "Landform mostly surrounded by water, connected to mainland on one side."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/ankara/": {"t": "Ankara", "s": "Capital of Turkey, ancient Galatian and Roman center."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bosporus/": {"t": "Bosporus", "s": "The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and dividing Europe from Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-marmara/": {"t": "Sea of Marmara", "s": "A small inland sea linking the Black Sea and Aegean, rich in history and mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/dardanelles/": {"t": "Dardanelles", "s": "Narrow strait connecting the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea, forming part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe."}, "/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/forza/e/story/british-isles/": {"t": "British Isles", "s": "The North Atlantic archipelago of Great Britain, Ireland and thousands of smaller islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/forza/img/story/british-isles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: British Isles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/hittite-language/": {"t": "Hittite language", "s": "Earliest attested Indo-European language, preserved in cuneiform from Bronze Age Anatolia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/mitanni/": {"t": "Mitanni", "s": "A Hurrian kingdom of northern Syria and Anatolia, known from foreign records."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/seljuk-sultanate/": {"t": "Seljuk Sultanate", "s": "The Turco-Persian empire of the Oghuz Turks that stretched from Anatolia to the Hindu Kush."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/arabian-plate/": {"t": "Arabian plate", "s": "Minor tectonic plate colliding with Eurasia, forming major mountain ranges."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/persian-gulf/": {"t": "Persian Gulf", "s": "A shallow, historically significant sea between Arabia and Iran."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-hormuz/": {"t": "Strait of Hormuz", "s": "Strategic waterway for global oil and gas trade."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea/": {"t": "Arabian Sea", "s": "A historically vital sea linking Old World trade networks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arabian Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-aden/": {"t": "Gulf of Aden", "s": "A deepwater gulf of the Indian Ocean, vital for global shipping and rich in biodiversity."}, "/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/sinai-peninsula/": {"t": "Sinai Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula in Egypt and a land bridge between Africa and Asia", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/sinai-peninsula.webp", "c": "CIA · via Wikipedia: Sinai Peninsula · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/negev/": {"t": "Negev", "s": "A desert region covering over half of Israel, rich in history and geology."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/petra/": {"t": "Petra", "s": "The Rose City of the Nabataeans", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/petra.webp", "c": "Al_Khazneh_Petra.jpg : Graham Racher from London, UK derivative work: MrPanyGoff · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/african-plate/": {"t": "African plate", "s": "Major tectonic plate comprising most of Africa and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleolithic/": {"t": "Paleolithic", "s": "The Old Stone Age: from the first stone tools to the end of the Pleistocene."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/islamic-mythology/religion-in-pre-islamic-arabia/": {"t": "Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia", "s": "Polytheistic and monotheistic traditions coexisted in pre-Islamic Arabia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/img/islamic-mythology/religion-in-pre-islamic-arabia.webp", "c": "Burton, Isabel, Lady, 1831-1896 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/najd/": {"t": "Najd", "s": "Central Arabian highland region, cradle of the House of Saud."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/eastern-arabia/": {"t": "Eastern Arabia", "s": "Historical coastal region of the eastern Arabian Peninsula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/eastern-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Shield (geology) · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-california/": {"t": "Gulf of California", "s": "Marginal sea separating Baja California from mainland Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/baja-california/": {"t": "Baja California", "s": "Northwestern Mexican state, home to diverse geography and wine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/img/mexican-states/baja-california.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Baja California peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/baja-california-sur/": {"t": "Baja California Sur", "s": "Mexico's youngest state, covering the southern half of the Baja California Peninsula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/img/mexican-states/baja-california-sur.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Baja California Sur · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/colorado-river/": {"t": "Colorado River", "s": "Major river of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/colorado-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Colorado River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-mexico/e/world-heritage-sites-in-mexico/el-vizca-no-biosphere-reserve/": {"t": "El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve", "s": "Largest wildlife refuge in Mexico, spanning desert and coast."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-folklore/e/latin-american-folklore/island-of-california/": {"t": "Island of California", "s": "A centuries-old cartographic error depicting California as an island."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/hern-n-cort-s/": {"t": "Hernán Cortés", "s": "Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Aztec Empire", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/hern-n-cort-s.webp", "c": "Unknown artistUnknown artist · via Wikipedia: Hernán Cortés · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/nevada/": {"t": "Nevada", "s": "Landlocked Western state known for silver, gambling, and libertarian laws."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/utah/": {"t": "Utah", "s": "A landlocked state shaped by Mormon settlement and desert geography."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/wyoming/": {"t": "Wyoming", "s": "Least populous U.S. state, first to grant women's suffrage."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/henry-briggs-mathematician/": {"t": "Henry Briggs (mathematician)", "s": "English mathematician who introduced common logarithms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/henry-briggs-mathematician.webp", "c": "Henry Briggs via Wyman Laliberte from Edmonton, Canada · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics/": {"t": "Plate tectonics", "s": "Scientific theory of Earth's moving lithospheric plates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics.webp", "c": "Surachit · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/sorong/": {"t": "Sorong", "s": "Gateway to Raja Ampat and eastern oil hub."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea/": {"t": "New Guinea", "s": "The world's second-largest island, rich in biodiversity and cultural history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German New Guinea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/west-papua-province/": {"t": "West Papua (province)", "s": "Province of West Papua – Land of diverse tribes and traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/rice/": {"t": "Rice", "s": "Staple grain for over half the world's population."}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/fruits-and-vegetables/maize/": {"t": "Maize", "s": "Domesticated grass staple, key to global food and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/peanut/": {"t": "Peanut", "s": "A legume crop with underground pods, grown worldwide for food and oil."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/indonesian-language/": {"t": "Indonesian language", "s": "The official and national language of Indonesia, a standardized variety of Malay spoken by over 97% of the population."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/language-isolate/": {"t": "Language isolate", "s": "A language family with only one known member."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/chiba-prefecture/": {"t": "Chiba Prefecture", "s": "Chiba Prefecture: Eastern gateway to Tokyo, home to Narita Airport and the Keiyō Industrial Zone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/chiba-prefecture.webp", "c": "Ineshima · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/honshu/": {"t": "Honshu", "s": "Japan's largest and most populous main island"}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/kanagawa-prefecture/": {"t": "Kanagawa Prefecture", "s": "Historic seat of the Kamakura shogunate and modern commercial hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/kanagawa-prefecture.webp", "c": "Dick Thomas Johnson from Tokyo, Japan · via Wikipedia: Kanagawa Prefecture · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-japan/e/national-parks-of-japan/minami-b-s-quasi-national-park/": {"t": "Minami Bōsō Quasi-National Park", "s": "Coastal quasi-national park on southern Bōsō Peninsula, Japan."}, "/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "Cape of Good Hope", "s": "Rocky headland on the Cape Peninsula, key to the Cape Route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/headland/": {"t": "Headland", "s": "A high, steep point of land extending into water."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-hydrographic-organization/": {"t": "International Hydrographic Organization", "s": "Intergovernmental body standardizing hydrography and nautical charting worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/cape-town/": {"t": "Cape Town", "s": "Legislative capital of South Africa, oldest city, and gateway to the Cape Floristic Region."}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-empire/e/portuguese-empire/portuguese-maritime-exploration/": {"t": "Portuguese maritime exploration", "s": "Portuguese sailors pioneered global sea routes in the Age of Discovery."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/portuguese-language/": {"t": "Portuguese language", "s": "A Western Romance language spoken by over 267 million people, official in eight countries and co-official in Macau and Equatorial Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/table-mountain/": {"t": "Table Mountain", "s": "Table Mountain (known in Khoekhoe as Huriǂoaxa, meaning \"sea-emerging,\" and in Afrikaans as Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain that stands as a defining landm", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/img/notable-mountains-and-peaks/table-mountain.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of mountain peaks by prominence · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/continental-shelf/": {"t": "Continental shelf", "s": "Submerged edge of a continent, rich in life and resources."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/abyssal-plain/": {"t": "Abyssal plain", "s": "Vast, flat, and mysterious: the abyssal plains of the deep ocean floor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/abyssal-plain.webp", "c": "---=XEON=--- · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/spaniards/": {"t": "Spaniards", "s": "Spaniards are an ethnic group indigenous to Spain with a global legacy."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/jean-ribault/": {"t": "Jean Ribault", "s": "French Huguenot navigator who founded colonies in Florida."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/grover-cleveland/": {"t": "Grover Cleveland", "s": "22nd and 24th U.S. president; first to serve nonconsecutive terms."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "President of the United States", "s": "Head of state and government of the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-the-united-states/e/space-program-of-the-united-states/project-mercury/": {"t": "Project Mercury", "s": "First US crewed space program, six astronauts flew."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/project-gemini/": {"t": "Project Gemini", "s": "Second U.S. human spaceflight program, bridging Mercury and Apollo."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/apollo-program/": {"t": "Apollo program", "s": "The United States human spaceflight program that landed the first humans on the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/skylab/": {"t": "Skylab", "s": "America's first space station, built from a repurposed Saturn V stage."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-capes/e/peninsulas-and-capes/tierra-del-fuego/": {"t": "Tierra del Fuego", "s": "Archipelago at the southern tip of South America", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-capes/img/peninsulas-and-capes/tierra-del-fuego.webp", "c": "Godot13 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/drake-passage/": {"t": "Drake Passage", "s": "The treacherous passage between Cape Horn and Antarctica, where the world's mightiest current flows unimpeded."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/sailing-ship/": {"t": "Sailing ship", "s": "A sea-going vessel that uses sails mounted on masts to harness wind power, with a history spanning ancient Egypt, Austronesian expansion, and the Age of Discove"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/panama-canal/": {"t": "Panama Canal", "s": "A 82 km artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through Panama.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/panama-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Geography of Panama · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/strait/": {"t": "Strait", "s": "Narrow channel connecting two seas, vital for navigation and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-chile/e/national-parks-of-chile/cabo-de-hornos-national-park/": {"t": "Cabo de Hornos National Park", "s": "World's southernmost national park, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/albatross/": {"t": "Albatross", "s": "Large seabirds of the Southern Ocean and North Pacific."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-magellan/": {"t": "Strait of Magellan", "s": "Natural sea route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/southern-ocean/": {"t": "Southern Ocean", "s": "Southernmost ocean encircling Antarctica, defined by circulation and latitude."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "Rudyard Kipling", "s": "English writer, Nobel laureate — best known for tales of empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Literary nonsense · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/tasman-sea/": {"t": "Tasman Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Australia and New Zealand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/tasman-sea.webp", "c": "CIA · via Wikipedia: Tasman Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/north-island/": {"t": "North Island", "s": "The most populous of New Zealand's two main islands."}, "/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-agulhas/": {"t": "Cape Agulhas", "s": "A rocky headland in Western Cape, South Africa, and the geographic southern tip of Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/bartolomeu-dias/": {"t": "Bartolomeu Dias", "s": "Portuguese explorer who first rounded Africa's southern tip."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/herodotus/": {"t": "Herodotus", "s": "The Father of History"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia/": {"t": "Phoenicia", "s": "Ancient Semitic maritime traders who spread the alphabet across the Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia.webp", "c": "Kordas, based on Alvaro's work · via Wikipedia: Phoenicia · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pharaohs-of-egypt/e/pharaohs-of-egypt/necho-ii/": {"t": "Necho II", "s": "Egyptian pharaoh who killed Josiah and sent ships around Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/maritime-folklore/e/maritime-folklore/cape-route/": {"t": "Cape Route", "s": "A sea route from Europe to Asia around southern Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/oral-tradition/": {"t": "Oral tradition", "s": "A vital medium of human communication across generations."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/hanno-the-navigator/": {"t": "Hanno the Navigator", "s": "Carthaginian explorer of the fifth century BC West African coast."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/polybius/": {"t": "Polybius", "s": "Ancient Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period, author of The Histories"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-south-africa/e/world-heritage-sites-in-south-africa/cape-floristic-region/": {"t": "Cape Floristic Region", "s": "Smallest floral kingdom, richest non-tropical plant diversity on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/tree-species/eucalyptus/": {"t": "Eucalyptus", "s": "The gum tree genus with over 700 species, known for its distinctive operculum and oil-rich leaves."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/willem-janszoon/": {"t": "Willem Janszoon", "s": "Dutch navigator who made first recorded European landfall in Australia."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/torres-strait-islanders/": {"t": "Torres Strait Islanders", "s": "Indigenous Melanesian peoples of the Torres Strait Islands"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-carpentaria/": {"t": "Gulf of Carpentaria", "s": "A shallow sea off northern Australia with submerged coral reefs."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/coral-sea/": {"t": "Coral Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the South Pacific, home to the Great Barrier Reef and rich in marine life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/coral-sea.webp", "c": "NormanEinstein · via Wikipedia: Coral Sea · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/james-cook/": {"t": "James Cook", "s": "British Royal Navy officer who mapped much of the Pacific and Southern Oceans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/james-cook.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: James Cook · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/meander/": {"t": "Meander", "s": "Sinuous stream-channel curves built by bank erosion and sediment deposition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/meander.webp", "c": "USDA & Mysid · via Wikipedia: Meander · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/floodplain/": {"t": "Floodplain", "s": "Floodplains are fertile, flood-prone river-adjacent lands."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-dividing-range/": {"t": "Great Dividing Range", "s": "Australia's longest mountain chain and primary eastern watershed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-dividing-range.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Appalachian Mountains · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/drainage-basin/": {"t": "Drainage basin", "s": "A land area where surface water converges to a single outlet."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/dry-season/": {"t": "Dry season", "s": "A yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/dry-season.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wet-season/": {"t": "Wet season", "s": "The time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs, lasting at least one month."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-barrier-reef/": {"t": "Great Barrier Reef", "s": "World's largest coral reef system, visible from outer space.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-barrier-reef.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Great Barrier Reef · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/tropic-of-capricorn/": {"t": "Tropic of Capricorn", "s": "The southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-artesian-basin/": {"t": "Great Artesian Basin", "s": "World's largest and deepest artesian basin, vital for inland Australia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-artesian-basin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Great Artesian Basin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/torres-strait/": {"t": "Torres Strait", "s": "Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after Spanish navigator Torres."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/flowering-plant/": {"t": "Flowering plant", "s": "Flowering plants dominate land habitats and sustain human agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers/e/conifers/araucariaceae/": {"t": "Araucariaceae", "s": "Ancient conifer family with large cones and Southern Hemisphere distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers-and-gymnosperms/e/conifers-and-gymnosperms/podocarpaceae/": {"t": "Podocarpaceae", "s": "A diverse family of southern hemisphere conifers with fleshy seed cones."}, "https://codexery.com/marsupials/e/marsupials/marsupial/": {"t": "Marsupial", "s": "Mammals with pouches: marsupials of Australasia and the Americas"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/national-park/": {"t": "National park", "s": "Preserving wild nature for posterity and national pride."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/pyrenees/": {"t": "Pyrenees", "s": "Mountain range forming the France–Spain border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/img/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/pyrenees.webp", "c": "The original uploader was Nhamblen at English Wikipedia. · via Wikipedia: Pyrenees · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france/": {"t": "Metropolitan France", "s": "European portion of France, including mainland and Corsica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Metropolitan France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/scandinavian-peninsula/": {"t": "Scandinavian Peninsula", "s": "Largest European peninsula, spanning Norway, Sweden, and Finland."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/kingdom-of-georgia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Georgia", "s": "Medieval Christian empire spanning the Caucasus and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/romance-languages/": {"t": "Romance languages", "s": "The Romance languages, often called the Latin languages, are those that evolved directly from Vulgar Latin."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/e/classical-and-medieval-poets/ennius/": {"t": "Ennius", "s": "Father of Roman poetry; author of the epic Annales.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/img/classical-and-medieval-poets/ennius.webp", "c": "Rijksmuseum · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/homo/": {"t": "Homo", "s": "Genus of great apes including modern humans and extinct relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/atapuerca-mountains/": {"t": "Atapuerca Mountains", "s": "Karstic hills holding Western Europe's earliest hominin fossils."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/carthage/": {"t": "Carthage", "s": "Ancient Phoenician city on the coast of Tunisia, capital of a Punic empire."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/klyuchevskaya-sopka/": {"t": "Klyuchevskaya Sopka", "s": "The highest active volcano in Eurasia, rising roughly 100 km inland from the Bering Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-okhotsk/": {"t": "Sea of Okhotsk", "s": "Coldest sea in East Asia, seasonally ice-covered."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/russian-far-east/": {"t": "Russian Far East", "s": "The easternmost part of Russia and Asia, coextensive with the Far Eastern Federal District."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-tentative-list/e/world-heritage-tentative-list/commander-islands/": {"t": "Commander Islands", "s": "Remote Russian archipelago in the Bering Sea, rich in wildlife."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/e/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-lopatka/": {"t": "Cape Lopatka", "s": "Southernmost point of Kamchatka, site of a 64 m tsunami.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/img/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-lopatka.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sea of Okhotsk · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-japan/": {"t": "Sea of Japan", "s": "A marginal sea shaped by isolation, geology, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/aleutian-islands/": {"t": "Aleutian Islands", "s": "Remote volcanic chain between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/fog/": {"t": "Fog", "s": "A low-lying cloud that shapes weather, travel, and even microbial life."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost/": {"t": "Permafrost", "s": "Frozen ground that stores carbon and threatens infrastructure when thawed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost.webp", "c": "NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio - KBR Wyle Services, LLC/Kathryn Mersmann · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/volcano/": {"t": "Volcano", "s": "A vent in a planet's crust that erupts magma."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/koryaksky/": {"t": "Koryaksky", "s": "An active Decade Volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/avachinsky/": {"t": "Avachinsky", "s": "An active stratovolcano on Kamchatka, a Decade Volcano near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/brown-bear/": {"t": "Brown bear", "s": "Large omnivorous bear native to Eurasia and North America."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/jeju-island/": {"t": "Jeju Island", "s": "South Korea's largest island, a volcanic paradise with a subtropical climate and rich cultural heritage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/jeju-island.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jeju Island · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/e/world-capital-cities/pyongyang/": {"t": "Pyongyang", "s": "Capital and largest city of North Korea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/img/world-capital-cities/pyongyang.webp", "c": "(stephan) · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-leaders/e/east-asian-leaders/kim-jong-un/": {"t": "Kim Jong Un", "s": "Supreme leader of North Korea since 2011"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/korean-war/": {"t": "Korean War", "s": "A frozen conflict that divided a peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/old-chos-n/": {"t": "Old Chosŏn", "s": "First kingdom on the Korean Peninsula, founded by legendary Tan'gun."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/three-kingdoms-of-korea/": {"t": "Three Kingdoms of Korea", "s": "The Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Paekche, and Silla competed for hegemony over the Korean Peninsula until Silla unified it in the 7th century."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/musok-deities/e/musok-deities/taejo-of-joseon/": {"t": "Taejo of Joseon", "s": "Founder of Joseon, overthrew Goryeo, abdicated after six years."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/joseon/": {"t": "Joseon", "s": "A dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years, founded in 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in 1897."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/imjin-war/": {"t": "Imjin War", "s": "Two Japanese invasions of Korea ending in stalemate."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "First Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Conflict between Qing China and Japan over influence in Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war/": {"t": "Russo-Japanese War", "s": "War between Russia and Japan over imperial ambitions in East Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Imperial Instituto Artistico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/developed-country/": {"t": "Developed country", "s": "A country with high living standards and advanced economy."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hanja/": {"t": "Hanja", "s": "Chinese characters adapted to write the Korean language."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/manchuria/": {"t": "Manchuria", "s": "Historical region in Northeast Asia, homeland of the Manchus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/manchuria.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/koreans/": {"t": "Koreans", "s": "East Asian ethnic group indigenous to the Korean Peninsula"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/liaodong-peninsula/": {"t": "Liaodong Peninsula", "s": "Strategic peninsula in Northeast China, site of major wars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/liaodong-peninsula.webp", "c": "Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/goguryeo-sui-war/": {"t": "Goguryeo–Sui War", "s": "Sui invasions of Goguryeo ended in defeat and dynasty collapse."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/seoul/": {"t": "Seoul", "s": "The dynamic capital of South Korea, blending ancient history with cutting-edge modernity."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hangul/": {"t": "Hangul", "s": "The Korean alphabet, created by King Sejong the Great.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/hangul.webp", "c": "Wikigurvb2 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-korea/": {"t": "Culture of Korea", "s": "Traditional Korean culture encompasses dress, cuisine, ceramics, and lunar festivals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/img/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-korea.webp", "c": "Syced · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/korean-language/": {"t": "Korean language", "s": "Korean is a Koreanic language official in both North and South Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/hudson-bay/": {"t": "Hudson Bay", "s": "A vast inland marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean in northeastern Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/labrador-sea/": {"t": "Labrador Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the North Atlantic, key to deep-water formation and home to the vast NAMOC channel system."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-st-lawrence/": {"t": "Gulf of St. Lawrence", "s": "Large Canadian gulf linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/ungava-peninsula/": {"t": "Ungava Peninsula", "s": "Treeless tundra peninsula, shaped by ancient ice sheets."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/canadian-shield/": {"t": "Canadian Shield", "s": "Ancient geologic core of North America, rich in minerals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/canadian-shield.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Canadian Shield · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/inuit/": {"t": "Inuit", "s": "Inuit are Indigenous Arctic peoples descended from the Thule culture."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas/": {"t": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "s": "The 1494 treaty that divided the non-European world between Portugal and Castile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas.webp", "c": "Koppchen · CC BY 3.0"}, "/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/upper-peninsula-of-michigan/": {"t": "Upper Peninsula of Michigan", "s": "Northern Michigan landmass with strong regional identity and mining history."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/indiana/": {"t": "Indiana", "s": "Midwestern state known as the Hoosier State, admitted in 1816.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/indiana.webp", "c": "Riker, Dorothy Lois, 1904; Indiana. Governor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/ohio/": {"t": "Ohio", "s": "Midwestern U.S. state, birthplace of seven presidents and aviation."}, "https://codexery.com/american-legendary-creatures/e/american-legendary-creatures/babe-the-blue-ox/": {"t": "Babe the Blue Ox", "s": "The blue ox companion of lumberjack Paul Bunyan."}, "https://codexery.com/bridges/e/great-bridges/mackinac-bridge/": {"t": "Mackinac Bridge", "s": "The Mighty Mac: longest suspension bridge between anchorages in the Western Hemisphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bridges/img/great-bridges/mackinac-bridge.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mackinac Bridge · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan/": {"t": "Lake Michigan", "s": "The only Great Lake entirely within the United States, and the world's largest lake by area in a single country.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan.webp", "c": "Michael Barera · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-huron/": {"t": "Lake Huron", "s": "Second-largest Great Lake by surface area, third-largest by volume.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-huron.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Huron · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie/": {"t": "Lake Erie", "s": "Southernmost, shallowest Great Lake with shortest water residence time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Erie · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/wisconsin/": {"t": "Wisconsin", "s": "Upper Midwest state known for dairy, brewing, and swing-state politics."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/minority-group/": {"t": "Minority group", "s": "A group experiencing disadvantage relative to a dominant social group."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kra-isthmus/": {"t": "Kra Isthmus", "s": "Narrowest part of the Malay Peninsula in Thailand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kra-isthmus.webp", "c": "Alfred John Loftus · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-malacca/": {"t": "Strait of Malacca", "s": "A vital maritime chokepoint linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sumatra/": {"t": "Sumatra", "s": "Large Indonesian island with rich history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/sumatra.webp", "c": "Sadalmelik · via Wikipedia: Sumatra · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/malays-ethnic-group/": {"t": "Malays (ethnic group)", "s": "An Austronesian ethnoreligious group native to the Malay world."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/andaman-sea/": {"t": "Andaman Sea", "s": "Marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean, bounded by Myanmar and Thailand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/andaman-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Andaman Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/sunda-strait/": {"t": "Sunda Strait", "s": "Strait between Java and Sumatra, historically vital shipping route."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/south-china-sea/": {"t": "South China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, vital to global trade and fishing."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/angkor-and-the-khmer-empire/": {"t": "Angkor and the Khmer Empire", "s": "The Khmer Empire: a hydraulic civilisation centred on Angkor, lasting from 802 to 1431 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/big-cats/clouded-leopard/": {"t": "Clouded leopard", "s": "A wild cat with cloud-like markings and the largest canines proportionally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bigcats/img/big-cats/clouded-leopard.webp", "c": "Charles Barilleaux from Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-costa-rica/e/national-parks-of-costa-rica/diri-national-park/": {"t": "Diriá National Park", "s": "A park of deep valleys and tropical forests on the Nicoya Peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/isthmus-of-corinth/": {"t": "Isthmus of Corinth", "s": "Narrow land bridge separating Peloponnese from mainland Greece."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/corinth-canal/": {"t": "Corinth Canal", "s": "A narrow Greek canal connecting two seas, now a tourist attraction."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/ionian-islands/": {"t": "Ionian Islands", "s": "Island group under Venetian rule, united with Greece in 1864."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/kythira/": {"t": "Kythira", "s": "Greek island at the crossroads of Mediterranean trade and conquest."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/patras/": {"t": "Patras", "s": "Greece's third-largest city, a historic port and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/stato-da-m-r/e/stato-da-m-r/monemvasia/": {"t": "Monemvasia", "s": "A fortified town on a tied island in the Peloponnese."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/continental-europe/": {"t": "Continental Europe", "s": "The contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/continental-europe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Europe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and/e/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mythology/pelops/": {"t": "Pelops", "s": "King of Pisa, resurrected after being served to the gods."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-mycenaeans/": {"t": "The Mycenaeans", "s": "First advanced Greek civilization of the Bronze Age."}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/north-sinai-governorate/": {"t": "North Sinai Governorate", "s": "Egyptian governorate on northern Sinai, site of ancient settlements and modern conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/south-sinai-governorate/": {"t": "South Sinai Governorate", "s": "Least populated Egyptian governorate, home to Saint Catherine's Monastery."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/suez-canal/": {"t": "Suez Canal", "s": "The Suez Canal: a vital sea-level waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas, dividing Africa and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/suez-governorate/": {"t": "Suez Governorate", "s": "One of Egypt's most urbanized governorates, with key ports and industrial zones."}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/ismailia-governorate/": {"t": "Ismailia Governorate", "s": "Canal Zone governorate named after Ismail Pasha.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/img/governorates-of-egypt/ismailia-governorate.webp", "c": "Benno Rothenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/port-said-governorate/": {"t": "Port Said Governorate", "s": "A transcontinental Egyptian governorate at the Suez Canal's northern mouth."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-the-british-empire/e/history-of-the-british-empire/history-of-egypt-under-the-british/": {"t": "History of Egypt under the British", "s": "British occupation of Egypt from 1882 to 1956."}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef/": {"t": "Coral reef", "s": "Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems built by coral polyps."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/columbian-exchange/": {"t": "Columbian exchange", "s": "The Columbian exchange—sometimes called the Columbian interchange—describes the large-scale movement of plants, animals, and diseases linking the Americas (the ", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/columbian-exchange.webp", "c": "Warren LeMay from Chicago, IL, United States · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/dromedary/": {"t": "Dromedary", "s": "Tallest camel species, domesticated for millennia in arid lands."}, "/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/lower-peninsula-of-michigan/": {"t": "Lower Peninsula of Michigan", "s": "Southern, larger landmass of Michigan, shaped like a mitten."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior/": {"t": "Lake Superior", "s": "Largest freshwater lake by surface area in the world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior.webp", "c": "Phizzy ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/french-colonization-of-the-americas/": {"t": "French colonization of the Americas", "s": "France built a vast American colonial empire from the 16th century onward."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-and-indian-war/": {"t": "French and Indian War", "s": "North American conflict between Britain and France for colonial dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/toledo-ohio/": {"t": "Toledo, Ohio", "s": "Major Midwest trade center and fifth-busiest Great Lakes port."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians/": {"t": "Paleo-Indians", "s": "First peoples of the Americas during the Late Pleistocene.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians.webp", "c": "NPS · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-disney-television/e/television-series-by-disney-television-animation/fish-hooks/": {"t": "Fish Hooks", "s": "An animated series about fish in a pet-store high school."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/minnesota/": {"t": "Minnesota", "s": "Land of 10,000 Lakes, 32nd state, Twin Cities hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/minnesota.webp", "c": "Myotus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/mammals/red-fox/": {"t": "Red Fox", "s": "The biggest true fox and the most widespread carnivoran on Earth, at home from tundra to city streets."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/snowshoe-hare/": {"t": "Snowshoe hare", "s": "A North American hare with snowshoe-like feet and seasonal camouflage."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/porcupine/": {"t": "Porcupine", "s": "Rodents with protective quills, found worldwide except Antarctica."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-lagomorphs/e/rodents-and-lagomorphs/chipmunk/": {"t": "Chipmunk", "s": "Small striped squirrels known for cheek pouches and seed storage."}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/wolf/": {"t": "Grey wolf", "s": "Largest wild canid, apex predator of Eurasia and North America."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/invasive-species/": {"t": "Invasive species", "s": "Introduced species that cause ecological or economic harm."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico/": {"t": "Gulf of Mexico", "s": "Marginal sea of the Atlantic, bordered by the U.S., Mexico, and Cuba.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico.webp", "c": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. · via Wikipedia: Gulf of Mexico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/yucat-n-channel/": {"t": "Yucatán Channel", "s": "Strait linking the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-regions/e/specific-regions/isthmus-of-tehuantepec/": {"t": "Isthmus of Tehuantepec", "s": "Narrow Mexican isthmus linking Gulf of Mexico and Pacific."}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geography/": {"t": "Geography", "s": "Geography is the study of Earth's lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/chiapas/": {"t": "Chiapas", "s": "Southernmost Mexican state with Mayan ruins and high indigenous population."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/chichen-itza/": {"t": "Chichen Itza", "s": "Major Maya city and regional capital in northern Yucatán.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/chichen-itza.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Chichen Itza · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-maya-collapse/": {"t": "The Maya Collapse", "s": "Classic Maya collapse: a rupture, not an end."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/yucat-n/": {"t": "Yucatán", "s": "Mexican state on the Yucatán Peninsula, heartland of Maya civilization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/yucat-n.webp", "c": "Philip N. Cohen · CC BY-SA 2.0"}}