{"https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/mark-antony/": {"t": "Mark Antony", "s": "Roman politician and general who helped transform the Republic into the Empire", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/mark-antony.webp", "c": "Byzantium565 · via Wikipedia: Mark Antony · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/natural-history-pliny/": {"t": "Natural History (Pliny)", "s": "The ancient encyclopedia that shaped natural history."}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/tapestry/": {"t": "Tapestry", "s": "Hand-woven textile art for figurative images, historically portable and prestigious."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/low-countries/": {"t": "Low Countries", "s": "Historical coastal lowland region forming the Benelux countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/low-countries.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Low Countries · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/pieter-bruegel-the-elder/": {"t": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder", "s": "Pioneer of landscapes and peasant scenes in Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/pieter-bruegel-the-elder.webp", "c": "Pieter Brueghel the Elder · via Wikipedia: Pieter Bruegel the Elder · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hieronymus-bosch/": {"t": "Hieronymus Bosch", "s": "Dutch painter from Brabant, known for fantastic religious imagery and nightmarish depictions of hell."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/lore/monty-python-s-flying-circus/": {"t": "Monty Python's Flying Circus", "s": "The BBC sketch series that made the Pythons famous."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/members/john-cleese/": {"t": "John Cleese", "s": "Cambridge Footlights alumnus and co-founder of Monty Python."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/members/graham-chapman/": {"t": "Graham Chapman", "s": "The Python who played the lead in Holy Grail and Life of Brian."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/members/michael-palin/": {"t": "Michael Palin", "s": "The Python of the Dead Parrot, Lumberjack Song and Spanish Inquisition."}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/taboo/euphemism/": {"t": "Euphemism", "s": "A linguistic substitution to soften offensive or taboo expressions."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/members/terry-jones/": {"t": "Terry Jones", "s": "The Python who directed Holy Grail, Life of Brian and The Meaning of Life."}, "https://codexery.com/furniture-household-items/e/furniture-and-household-items/toaster/": {"t": "Toaster", "s": "Electric appliance that toasts bread using radiant heat."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/films/and-now-for-something-completely-different/": {"t": "And Now for Something Completely Different", "s": "The 1971 film of re-shot Flying Circus sketches."}, "https://codexery.com/lumberjack-sports/e/lumberjack-sports/lumberjack/": {"t": "Lumberjack", "s": "Historical North American logging workers known for strength and danger."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/lore/the-lumberjack-song/": {"t": "The Lumberjack Song", "s": "The Python song that grew out of an unfinished barbershop sketch."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-the-jim-henson/e/television-series-by-the-jim-henson-company/the-muppet-show/": {"t": "The Muppet Show", "s": "A variety show where chaos and celebrity collide."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/margaret-thatcher/": {"t": "Margaret Thatcher", "s": "First female UK Prime Minister, architect of Thatcherism."}, "https://codexery.com/1990s-british-television-sketch-shows/e/1990s-british-television-sketch-shows/spitting-image/": {"t": "Spitting Image", "s": "Satirical puppet show that caricatured British public life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/1990s-british-television-sketch-shows/img/1990s-british-television-sketch-shows/spitting-image.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Spitting Image · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/comedy-central-sitcoms/e/comedy-central-sitcoms/south-park/": {"t": "South Park", "s": "Four boys, one Colorado town, endless satire."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/members/terry-gilliam/": {"t": "Terry Gilliam", "s": "Monty Python's animator, later a full member and film director."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/tunisia/": {"t": "Tunisia", "s": "A North African crossroads of ancient civilizations and modern aspirations."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/comedians-and-comic-actors/spike-milligan/": {"t": "Spike Milligan", "s": "Co-creator of The Goon Show and influential surreal comedian."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series/e/television-series/not-the-nine-o-clock-news/": {"t": "Not the Nine O'Clock News", "s": "A satirical sketch show that lampooned news and pop culture."}, "https://codexery.com/2010s-british-mystery-television-series/e/2010s-british-mystery-television-series/death-in-paradise/": {"t": "Death in Paradise", "s": "A British detective solves murders on a Caribbean island."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/mark-twain/": {"t": "Mark Twain", "s": "American writer, humorist, and essayist, author of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."}, "https://codexery.com/comedic-performers/e/comedic-performers/benny-hill/": {"t": "Benny Hill", "s": "English comedian known for slapstick and television variety show."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "Roman Londinium and medieval England's largest town."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-boyle/": {"t": "Robert Boyle", "s": "Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-boyle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Boyle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/bbc-two-original-programming/e/bbc-two-original-programming/100-great-paintings/": {"t": "100 Great Paintings", "s": "A 1980 BBC series of 100 paintings in thematic groups.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bbc-two-original-programming/img/bbc-two-original-programming/100-great-paintings.webp", "c": "anonymous · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/christiaan-huygens/": {"t": "Christiaan Huygens", "s": "Dutch polymath who advanced optics, mechanics, and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke/": {"t": "Robert Hooke", "s": "English polymath and pioneer of microscopy", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Hooke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/sound/": {"t": "Sound", "s": "Mechanical wave propagating through an elastic medium."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/barometer/": {"t": "Barometer", "s": "Instrument measuring air pressure for weather forecasting."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/alaudidae/": {"t": "Alaudidae", "s": "Small to medium passerines known for elaborate songs and ground nests."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/portrait-painting/": {"t": "Portrait painting", "s": "A genre of painting representing specific human subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/history-painting/": {"t": "History painting", "s": "A narrative painting genre, traditionally the highest form of Western art."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/denis-diderot/": {"t": "Denis Diderot", "s": "Co-founder and chief editor of the Encyclopédie, a key figure of the Enlightenment."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/derbyshire/": {"t": "Derbyshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England, home to the Peak District and the furthest point from the sea in the UK."}, "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/e/parrots-and-songbirds/cockatiel/": {"t": "Cockatiel", "s": "Smallest cockatoo, native to Australia, popular companion parrot.", "i": "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/img/parrots-and-songbirds/cockatiel.webp", "c": "Shreya.Bhopal · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/william-hogarth/": {"t": "William Hogarth", "s": "English painter, engraver, satirist, cartoonist, and writer known for his series of 'modern moral subjects'."}, "https://codexery.com/culinary-icons/e/culinary-icons/josiah-wedgwood/": {"t": "Josiah Wedgwood", "s": "English potter, entrepreneur, abolitionist, and marketing pioneer."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/gustave-flaubert/": {"t": "Gustave Flaubert", "s": "The martyr of style and father of literary realism."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/graphic-novel/": {"t": "Graphic novel", "s": "A contested term for book-length sequential art."}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/giuseppe-arcimboldo/": {"t": "Giuseppe Arcimboldo", "s": "Master of composite portraits made of fruits, vegetables, flowers, fish, and books."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/holy-roman-empire/": {"t": "Holy Roman Empire", "s": "The decentralised empire of Central Europe that lasted from 800 or 962 to 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/looney-tunes/e/characters/mel-blanc/": {"t": "Mel Blanc", "s": "The Man of a Thousand Voices behind Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig and countless others.", "i": "https://codexery.com/looney-tunes/img/characters/mel-blanc.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mel Blanc · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/looney-tunes/e/people/carl-w-stalling/": {"t": "Carl W. Stalling", "s": "Composer who scored Warner Bros. cartoons for 22 years."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/the-jolly-roger/": {"t": "The Jolly Roger", "s": "Pirate flag signaling identity and terms of surrender."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/world/holland-netherlands/": {"t": "Netherlands", "s": "Holland: Market Garden and 'the Island'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/joshua-reynolds/": {"t": "Joshua Reynolds", "s": "The leading portrait artist of the 18th-century and arguably one of the greatest artists in the history of art.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/joshua-reynolds.webp", "c": "Joshua Reynolds · via Wikipedia: Joshua Reynolds · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/anthony-van-dyck/": {"t": "Anthony van Dyck", "s": "Flemish Baroque court painter to Charles I of England."}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/e/british-colonization-of-the-americas/columbia-district/": {"t": "Columbia District", "s": "A fur-trading district that shaped the Pacific Northwest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/img/british-colonization-of-the-americas/columbia-district.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Columbia District · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/andrea-mantegna/": {"t": "Andrea Mantegna", "s": "Italian Renaissance painter known for perspective and sculptural style."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/paris/": {"t": "Paris", "s": "Capetian capital on the Seine."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-viii-of-france/": {"t": "Charles VIII of France", "s": "King of France who invaded Italy and married Anne of Brittany."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/pope-alexander-vi/": {"t": "Pope Alexander VI", "s": "The controversial Renaissance pope from the Borgia family."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/mary-mother-of-jesus/": {"t": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "s": "First-century Jewish woman, mother of Jesus, venerated in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/e/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Holy Roman Emperor, polymath, and centralizer of royal power."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures-and-statues/e/sculptures-and-statues/relief/": {"t": "Relief", "s": "Sculptural method where forms remain attached to a solid background."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-genesis/": {"t": "Book of Genesis", "s": "First book of the Hebrew Bible, recounting creation and Israel's origins."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/individual-angels/e/individual-angels/michael-archangel/": {"t": "Michael (archangel)", "s": "Archangel, warrior of God, and guardian prince of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/people-executed-by-crucifixion/e/people-executed-by-crucifixion/andrew-the-apostle/": {"t": "Andrew the Apostle", "s": "Apostle of Jesus, brother of Simon Peter, patron of Scotland."}, "https://codexery.com/aphrodite/e/aphrodite/venus-mythology/": {"t": "Venus (mythology)", "s": "Roman goddess of love, beauty, desire, and ancestral mother of Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/quartz/": {"t": "Quartz", "s": "A hard, abundant mineral used in jewelry and technology."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/latin-america/": {"t": "Latin America", "s": "The cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/latin-america.webp", "c": "Henrykez · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/e/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/new-spain/": {"t": "New Spain", "s": "First viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/img/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/new-spain.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Spain · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/mexican-war-of-independence/": {"t": "Mexican War of Independence", "s": "Armed conflict ending Spanish rule in Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/e/literary-novels-and-classics/robinson-crusoe/": {"t": "Robinson Crusoe", "s": "Fictional castaway who inspired the Robinsonade genre.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/img/literary-novels-and-classics/robinson-crusoe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robinson Crusoe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/daniel-defoe/": {"t": "Daniel Defoe", "s": "English writer, journalist, merchant and spy", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/daniel-defoe.webp", "c": "UnknownUnknown , style of Sir Godfrey Kneller · via Wikipedia: Daniel Defoe · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dog-breeds/e/dog-breeds/airedale-terrier/": {"t": "Airedale Terrier", "s": "Largest of the British terriers, known as the King of Terriers."}, "https://codexery.com/cat-breeds/e/cat-breeds/british-shorthair/": {"t": "British Shorthair", "s": "The iconic British Blue and its many colours: a calm, stocky, and ancient pedigree.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cat-breeds/img/cat-breeds/british-shorthair.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: British Shorthair · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/alcedinidae/": {"t": "Alcedinidae", "s": "Brightly coloured birds with cosmopolitan distribution and diverse diets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bird-families/img/bird-families/alcedinidae.webp", "c": "Sharpe, Richard Bowdler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/paul-gauguin/": {"t": "Paul Gauguin", "s": "French Post-Impressionist known for vivid color and Synthetist style.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/paul-gauguin.webp", "c": "Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel · via Wikipedia: Paul Gauguin · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/origin-myths/e/origin-myths/hina-goddess/": {"t": "Hina (goddess)", "s": "Goddess associated with the moon, eels, and as elder sister or wife of Māui; central figure in multiple origin myths including the coconut"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/manipur/": {"t": "Manipur", "s": "A northeastern Indian state of hills and valleys, known for its diverse ethnic groups and cultural heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/pierre-auguste-renoir/": {"t": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "s": "Leading French Impressionist known for vibrant light and feminine beauty.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/pierre-auguste-renoir.webp", "c": "UnknownUnknown  Musée d'Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Patrice Schmidt · via Wikipedia: Pierre-Auguste Renoir · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/franco-prussian-war/": {"t": "Franco-Prussian War", "s": "Conflict that unified Germany and ended French imperial rule."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/gustave-courbet/": {"t": "Gustave Courbet", "s": "French painter who led the Realism movement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/gustave-courbet.webp", "c": "Gustave Courbet · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/douard-manet/": {"t": "Édouard Manet", "s": "French modernist painter and pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/douard-manet.webp", "c": "Nadar / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Édouard Manet · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/impressionism/": {"t": "Impressionism", "s": "A 19th-century French art movement emphasizing light and ordinary subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-york/": {"t": "New York", "s": "A name shared by a city, state, and many cultural entities."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/grey-parrot/": {"t": "Grey parrot", "s": "An African parrot known for intelligence and mimicry."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/claude-monet/": {"t": "Claude Monet", "s": "French painter and founder of Impressionism, precursor to modernism."}}