Jaffa orange
Seedless orange developed in Jaffa, symbol of two peoples.
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leighklotz · CC BY 2.0
The fruit is known for its sweet taste and oval shape with a thick, easy-to-remove peel.[1][2] The Jaffa orange variety is characterized by its minimal seeds and robust peel, qualities that facilitated its export success.[1]
How it changed
British consular reports first mention its export to Europe in the 1850s.[3] Exports grew from 200,000 oranges in 1845 to 38 million oranges by 1870.[4] The development of steamships in the early 19th century enabled faster export to European markets.[3] Citrus plantations were primarily owned by wealthy Palestinian merchants and notables due to large capital requirements.[4]
By the end of 1928, Jews had acquired 30000 dunam of the region's 60000 dunam of orange orchards.[5] Near Jaffa in the mid-19th century, a spontaneous genetic change occurred on a 'Baladi' variety tree, giving rise to the Jaffa orange.[6] The initial commercial use of the "Jaffa" name for fruit occurred in 1870, initiated by a German Templer settlement.[4] By 1933, the volume of oranges produced by Jewish-owned groves exceeded that from Arab-owned groves.[5]
What the maker and period sources say
The 1930 Hope Simpson Enquiry stated that orange cultivation was introduced by the Arabs before Jewish settlement.[7] The same enquiry noted that the perfection of cultivation techniques was due to the scientific methods of the Jewish agriculturist.[7] The Pulitzer Center account describes driving through the West Bank as passing through a nature-scape of browns, oranges and reds.[8] A European traveler's 1872 description of Jaffa stated that the orange gardens were a major source of income for their proprietors.[4]
References
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Issawi, 2006, p. 127.; Basan, 2007, p. 83. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Basan, 2007, p. 83.; Krämer, 2008, p. 91.; Page, 2008, p. 99.; Basan, 2007, p. 83. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Krämer, 2008, p. 91.; Issawi, 2006, p. 127.; Krämer, 2008, p. 91.; Gerber, 1982.; LeVine, 2005, p. 272. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Gerber, 1982.; Krämer, 2008, p. 91.; LeVine, 2005, p. 34; "History of Jaffa Oranges from Israel", Tablet Magazine (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Arab versus Jew: Jaffa and its oranges", The Sydney Morning Herald; : "The two authors discovered that in 1933 the Arabs lost their primacy, in the wake of competition and large investments in the Jewish sector of the citrus ind (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Issawi, 2006, p. 127.; Basan, 2007, p. 83.; Basan, 2007, p. 83. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jaffa orange" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: The Hope Simpson Report at UNISPAL. CHAPTER VIII. Agricultural Produce. (a) CITRUS CULTIVATION (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Food Is the First Frontier of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict", Pulitzer Center. facts only, no text reused. pulitzercenter.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Jaffa orange (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Jaffa orange (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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